Digital Commons Network^™

Center For Professional Ethics, Spring 2004, Case Western Reserve University

Center for Professional Ethics

Table of Contents:

• Bonhoefer and King: Legacies and Lessons
• An Extraordinary Man: Case Celebrates Martin Luther King, Jr.
• It's About Ethics: An Interview with Robert P. Lawry
• Current Ethical Controversies in Internal Research: A Talk by Ruth Maklin
• Director's Corner: Civic Duty, Civic Courage by Robert P. Lawry
• News and Notes

A Mutation In The Latency-Related Gene Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Inhibits Protein Expression From Open Reading Frame 2 And An Adjacent Reading Frame During Productive Infection, Yanjun Jiang, Melissa Inman, Yange Zhang, Nuria Aleman Posadas, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The latency-related (LR) gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is abundantly expressed during latency. A mutant BHV-1 strain that contains three stop codons at the 5′ terminus of the LR gene (LR mutant) does not reactivate from latency. This study demonstrates that the LR mutant does not express open reading frame 2 or an adjacent reading frame that lacks an initiating ATG (reading frame C). Since the LR mutant and wild-type BHV-1 express similar levels of LR RNA, we conclude that LR protein expression plays an important role in regulating the latency reactivation cycle in cattle.

Esophageal Cancer--A Review, A Alidina, T Siddiqui, I Burney, W Jafri, F Hussain, M Ahmed

Section of Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

Review Of Addiction Treatment: A Strengths Perspective. Katherine Van Wormer & Diane Rae Davis. Reviewed By Mike Gorman., Mike Gorman

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Van Wormer, Katherine and Davis, Diane Rae, Addiction Treatment A Strength's Perspective, Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson Brooks Cole, 2003. $ 51.92 papercover.

Jefferson Alumni Bulletin – Volume 53, Number 2, March 2004

The Bulletin (formerly the Jefferson Medical College Alumni Bulletin)

Jefferson Alumni Bulletin – Volume 53, Number 2, March 2004 Mentoring: Everyday Lessons by Dean Thomas J. Nasca ’75; Page 4 Medical College Now Has an Honor Code, Established through Student Initiative; Page 6 JeffHOPE: The Light at the End of the Tunnel for Students as Well as for Patients by Lino Miele '05; Page 7 New Endowed Professorship in Otolaryngology; Page 8 The Jefferson Instructor Who Discovered REM Sleep; Page 9 Foundation Grants Support the Asthma Bus as Well as Research into HIV and Lupus; Page 14 In Memoriam: Frederick B. Wagner Jr. '41; Page 16 Jerome Sherard '81: …

Management Of Postsurgical Hyperhidrosis With Direct Current And Tap Water, Bernadette T. Gillick, Luther C. Kloth, Andrew John Starsky, Laura Cincinelli-Walker

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Background and Purpose. Excessive sweating, known as hyperhidrosis, involves the eccrine sweat glands of the axillae, soles, palms, and/or forehead. The use of iontophoresis to reduce or eliminate excessive sweating has been described since 1952. The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of tap water galvanism (TWG) using direct current (DC) with a patient who had postsurgical hyperhidrosis. Case Description. The patient was a 36-year-old male electrician with traumatic phalangeal amputation and postsurgical development of hyperhidrosis. Tap water galvanism was administered using a DC generator, 2 to 3 times per week for 10 treatments. The patient's …

Vital Signs, Spring 2004, Boonshoft School Of Medicine

Vital Signs

A twenty-eight page newsletter created by the Boonshoft School of Medicine to document the current affairs of the school. This issue includes a variety of feature articles, alumni profiles, class notes, and more.

An Assessment Of Hiv/Aids Risk In Higher Education Students In Yerevan, Armenia, Talin Babikian, Mary Catherin Freier, Gary L. Hopkins, Ralph Diclemente, Duane C. Mcbride, Matt Riggs

Faculty Publications

Armenia's current sociopolitical and economic instability and the alarming HIV incidence rates in neighboring countries amplify its risk for a national epidemic. The goals of this study were to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk behaviors among higher education students in Yerevan. Knowledge of HIV transmission through sexual intercourse was markedly higher than that on intravenous transmission and prevailing myths; however, HIV/AIDS knowledge was not related to risk behaviors. Tobacco and alcohol prevalence was relatively high. Students reported risky sexual behaviors, including inconsistent condom use, casual sex, and multiple partners. In addition to descriptive statistics delineating gender differences across the target …

Exposure To The Dental Environment And Prevalence Of Respiratory Illness In Dental Student Populations, Frank A. Scannapieco, Alex W. Ho, Maris Ditolla, Casey Chen, Andrew R. Dentino

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: To determine if the prevalence of respiratory disease among dental students and dental residents varies with their exposure to the clinical dental environment.

Methods: A detailed questionnaire was administered to 817 students at 3 dental schools. The questionnaire sought information concerning demographic characteristics, school year, exposure to the dental environment and dental procedures, and history of respiratory disease. The data obtained were subjected to bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results: Respondents reported experiencing the following respiratory conditions during the previous year: asthma (26 cases), bronchitis (11 cases), chronic lung disease (6 cases), pneumonia (5 cases) …

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Endocytosis In Endothelial Cells Proceed Via Syndecan-4-Dependent Activation Of Rac1 And A Cdc42-Dependent Macropinocytic Pathway, Eugene Tkachenko, Esther Lutgens, Radu-Virgil Stan, Michael Simons

Dartmouth Scholarship

Full activity of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) requires their internalization in addition to the interaction with cell surface receptors. Recent studies have suggested that the transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-4 functions as a FGF2 receptor. In this study we investigated the molecular basis of syndecan endocytosis and its role in FGF2 internalization in endothelial cells. We found that syndecan-4 uptake, induced either by treatment with FGF2 or by antibody clustering, requires the integrity of plasma membrane lipid rafts for its initiation, occurs in a non-clathrin-, non-dynamin-dependent manner and involves Rac1, which is activated by syndecan-4 clustering. FGF2 was internalized in a complex …

All-1/Mll1, A Homologue Of Drosophila Trithorax, Modifies Chromatin And Is Directly Involved In Infant Acute Leukaemia., E Canaani, T Nakamura, T Rozovskaia, S T Smith, T Mori, C M Croce, Alexander Mazo

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Rearrangements of the ALL-1/MLL1 gene underlie the majority of infant acute leukaemias, as well as of therapy-related leukaemias developing in cancer patients treated with inhibitors of topoisomerase II, such as VP16 and doxorubicin. The rearrangements fuse ALL-1 to any of >50 partner genes or to itself. Here, we describe the unique features of ALL-1-associated leukaemias, and recent progress in understanding molecular mechanisms involved in the activity of the ALL-1 protein and of its Drosophila homologue TRITHORAX.

Kuntzman, Andrew Interview For The Miami Valley College Of Nursing And Health Oral History Project, Carol Holdcraft, Donna M. Curry, Andrew Kuntzman

Wright State University - Miami Valley College of Nursing and Health Oral History Project

Donna Miles Curry and Carol Holdcraft interviewed Andrew Kuntzman on February 19, 2004 about his experience as faculty at Wright State University. In the interview, Dr. Kuntrzman discusses the early development of the program, of which he was instrumental in the development of.

Nicotine As A Signal For The Presence Or Absence Of Sucrose Reward: Pavlovian Drug Appetitive Conditioning Preparation In Rats, Joyce Besheer, Matthew I. Palmatier, Dawn M. Metschke, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Rationale: In Pavlovian conditioning research, nicotine is typically conceptualized as the unconditioned stimulus (US) that becomes associated with an exteroceptive conditioned stimulus (CS). This research has not explored the possibility that nicotine can also function as a CS. Objectives: The present research examined whether nicotine served as a CS for the presence (CS+) or absence (CS–) of sucrose and started defining its specificity. Methods and results: Rats trained in the CS+ condition had nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, base) paired intermittently with brief access to sucrose. Intermixed were saline sessions without sucrose. Nicotine acquired the ability to evoke goal tracking. This conditioned …

Individual Prediction In Prostate Cancer Studies Using A Joint Longitudinal-Survival-Cure Model, Menggang Yu, Jeremy Taylor, Howard M. Sandler

The University of Michigan Department of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

For monitoring patients treated for prostate cancer, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is measured periodically after they receive treatment. Increases in PSA are suggestive of recurrence of the cancer and are used in making decisions about possible new treatments. The data from studies of such patients typically consist of longitudinal PSA measurements, censored event times and baseline covariates. Methods for the combined analysis of both longitudinal and survival data have been developed in recent years, with the main emphasis being on modeling and estimation. We analyze data from a prostate cancer study that has been extended by adding a mixture structure …

Capping Protein Binding To Actin In Yeast: Biochemical Mechanism And Physiological Relevance, Kyoungtae Kim, Atsuko Yamashita, Martin A. Wear, Yuichiro Maéda, John A. Cooper

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Muc4 Mucin Expression In Human Pancreatic Tumours Is Affected By Organ Environment: The Possible Role Of Tgfbeta2., A. Choudhury, N. Moniaux, A. B. Ulrich, B. M. Schmied, J. Standop, Parviz M. Pour, S. J. Gendler, Michael A. Hollingsworth, J-P Aubert, Surinder K. Batra

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

MUC4 is highly expressed in human pancreatic tumours and pancreatic tumour cell lines, but is minimally or not expressed in normal pancreas or chronic pancreatitis. Here, we investigated the aberrant regulation of MUC4 expression in vivo using clonal human pancreatic tumour cells (CD18/HPAF) grown either orthotopically in the pancreas (OT) or ectopically in subcutaneous tissue (SC) in the nude mice. Histological examination of the OT and SC tumours showed moderately differentiated and anaplastic morphology, respectively. The OT tumour cells showed metastases to distant lymph nodes and faster tumour growth (P

Ada News - 02/02/2004, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Signaling Switches And Bistability Arising From Multisite Phosphorylation In Protein Kinase Cascades., Nick I Markevich, Jan B. Hoek, Boris N. Kholodenko

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades can operate as bistable switches residing in either of two different stable states. MAPK cascades are often embedded in positive feedback loops, which are considered to be a prerequisite for bistable behavior. Here we demonstrate that in the absence of any imposed feedback regulation, bistability and hysteresis can arise solely from a distributive kinetic mechanism of the two-site MAPK phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Importantly, the reported kinetic properties of the kinase (MEK) and phosphatase (MKP3) of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) fulfill the essential requirements for generating a bistable switch at a single MAPK cascade level. Likewise, …

[Book Review Of] Issues For A Catholic Bioethic, Edited By Luke Gormally, John Hartley

The Linacre Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Phylogenetic Analyses Of Texas Isolates Indicate An Evolving Subtype Of The Clade B Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses, Eric A. Weaver, Ellen W. Collisson, Margaret Slater, Guan Zhu

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Rigorous phylogenetic analyses were used to compare the nucleotide sequences of feline immunodeficiency virus strains isolated from Texas and throughout the world. The envelope V3-V4 sequences and capsid gene of the Texas isolates formed a cluster between subtypes B and E. Statistical comparisons with other published sequences confirmed that the Texas group is a unique cluster, possibly a new subtype, arising from subtype B.

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was initially isolated in 1987 from a cat in California with severe immunodeficiency and has been recognized as a common worldwide feline pathogen (11, 14, 19, 20, 33). FIV-infected cats exhibit a …

Oncolog, Volume 49, Number 02, February 2004, Sunni Hosemann, Aurelio Matamoros

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Colorectal Cancer Screening: Encouraging Compliance Today and Looking to the Future
• Despite Its Drawbacks, Mammography Is Still Recommended
• Communication Is Essential When Guiding Patients through the Maze of Genetic Breast Cancer Screening
• House Call: Cancer Epidemiology, Step-by-Step
• DiaLog: On Being a Volunteer, by Anderson Network volunteer

Confidentiality And Juvenile Mental Health Records In Dependency Proceedings, David R. Katner

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Providing children's disclosures to their mental health therapists greater protection in juvenile dependency cases recognizes the importance of privacy in therapeutic communications. Numerous children are required by juvenile courts to divulge the most intimate details of their lives to mental health experts only to have those disclosures revealed in court proceedings. Reversing the presumption that children's mental health records may be discussed openly in dependency litigation and requiring courts to perform in camera reviews affords children the dignity and respect adults take for granted. Ensuring greater confidentiality for children's mental health records is one step the legal system should take …

Serotonin Transporter And Gaba(A) Alpha 6 Receptor Variants Are Associated With Neuroticism, Srijan Sen, Sandra Villafuerte, Randolph Nesse, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Jeffrey Hopcian, Lillian Gleiberman, Alan Weder, Margit Burmeister, University Of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Background: A tendency to experience negative affect, as measured by the neuroticism component of the Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), is a trait marker for major depression. Epidemiologic studies indicate a strong genetic component, but to date few specific genetic variants have been definitively implicated. A serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) has been extensively studied in neuroticism and several psychiatric disorders, with inconclusive results. A GABA(A) receptor α6 subunit variant (Pro385Ser) has been associated with alcohol-related traits but has not been studied in neuroticism or depression.
Methods: A total of 384 subjects who completed the NEO-PI were genotyped …

Botulinum Toxin And Other New Approaches To Migraine Therapy, Avi Ashkenazi, Stephen Silberstein

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

The number of migraine treatments and our understanding of migraine pathophysiology are both increasing. Newer treatments are focusing on migraine prevention. Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a potent neurotoxin that has been used primarily for diseases associated with increased muscle activity. Recently the toxin was found to have antinociceptive effects that are probably independent of its muscle-relaxant action. Recent clinical trials support the efficacy of BTX type-A (and possibly also type-B) in the treatment of migraine. The anticonvulsant topiramate was recently shown to be effective for migraine prevention. With the low doses used for this indication, cognitive side effects are less …

Q-Probes Study Of Replicate Specimens At The Clinical Laboratory, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, L Ali, I Siddiqui

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: The aim of this Q-probes study was to evaluate the precision of replicate specimens.Methods: This Q-probes study done at the Clinical Laboratory, The Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi is about routine chemistry analytes because of their importance in critical care patients. The analytes data was collected for six months from April to September 2002. There were total 358 samples, which were given for reanalysis during this period under the constant working conditions. After analysis, results of both the runs on different days, were compared to determine the percent difference between the results. After calculating the percent difference, the results …

Understanding Mental Health Needs Of Southeast Asian Refugees: Historical, Cultural, And Contextual Challenges, Eugenia Hsu, Corrie A. Davies, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Research and clinical information pertaining to mental health needs of Asians residing in the United States is limited but growing. There is a tendency to group all persons of Asian descent together and, therefore, the empirical literature does not sufficiently address the mental health needs in specific subgroups. The focus of this article is to understand the mental health needs of one subgroup of Asians-Southeast Asian refugees (SEAR). The main purpose is to review the relevant literature pertaining to Southeast Asian refugees’ experiences and to understand the manifestation of psychiatric disorders by examining historical, cultural, and contextual challenges. Despite the …

Divergence In Non-Cognate Amino Acid Recognition Between Class I And Class Ii Lysyl-Trna Synthetases, Jeffrey D. Levengood, Sandro F. Ataide, Hervé Roy, Michael Ibba

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Lysine insertion during coded protein synthesis requires lysyl-tRNA^Lys, which is synthesized by lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS). Two unrelated forms of LysRS are known: LysRS2, which is found in eukaryotes, most bacteria, and a few archaea, and LysRS1, which is found in most archaea and a few bacteria. To compare amino acid recognition between the two forms of LysRS, the effects of l-lysine analogues on aminoacylation were investigated. Both enzymes showed stereospecificity toward the l-enantiomer of lysine and discriminated against noncognate amino acids with different R-groups (arginine, ornithine). Lysine analogues containing substitutions at other positions were generally most effective as …

Fritz, Ira Interview For The Miami Valley College Of Nursing And Health Oral History Project, Carol Holdcraft, Ira Fritz

Wright State University - Miami Valley College of Nursing and Health Oral History Project

Carol Holdcraft interviewed Ira Fritz about the founding of the Wright State University College of Nursing and Health. In the interview Dr. Fritz discusses his career and his decision to come to Wright State as faculty with the College of Nursing and Health.

Trans-Snare Interactions Elicit Ca2+ Efflux From The Yeast Vacuole Lumen, Alexey J. Merz, William T. Wickner

Dartmouth Scholarship

Ca2+ transients trigger many SNARE-dependent membrane fusion events. The homotypic fusion of yeast vacuoles occurs after a release of lumenal Ca2+. Here, we show that trans-SNARE interactions promote the release of Ca2+ from the vacuole lumen. Ypt7p-GTP, the Sec1p/Munc18-protein Vps33p, and Rho GTPases, all of which function during docking, are required for Ca2+ release. Inhibitors of SNARE function prevent Ca2+ release. Recombinant Vam7p, a soluble Q-SNARE, stimulates Ca2+ release. Vacuoles lacking either of two complementary SNAREs, Vam3p or Nyv1p, fail to release Ca2+ upon tethering. Mixing these two vacuole populations together allows Vam3p and Nyv1p to interact in trans and …

Chronic Wasting Disease Management In Nebraska

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The presence of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in free-roaming and domesticated cervine animal populations of deer and elk in the state of Nebraska presents a threat to the natural resources of the state. The presence of this disease could drastically restrict the successful achievement of the goals and objectives of the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC) as set forth in their long range plan “Focusing on the Future…A Plan for Nebraska’s Fish, Wildlife and Parkland Resources”. Objective 3 in the Big Game section of this plan is to “Monitor the status and health of deer, so reasonable assumptions may …