Digital Commons Network^™

Developing A Deep Learning-Based Artificial Intelligence System For Detecting Scientific Misinformation On Digital Platforms, Shorouq Al-Awawdeh, Ayah Al- Jafari

Objectives: This study develops and evaluates an Arabic scientific misinformation detection system by fine-tuning AraBERT-base-v2. It examines the effects of early stopping and input sequence length on model performance, interprets selected linguistic characteristics associated with misleading content, and discusses the limitations of using machine-translated data.

Methodology: The study adopted a mixed-methods design, employing a systematic integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches, supported by an interpretive qualitative reading. The initial database consisted of 23,546 records, including 123 Arabic articles collected from the Akeed, Sheek, and Taqeen platforms, and 23,423 foreign-language records drawn from the GossipCop and PolitiFact collections within FakeNewsNet. After …

Intravascular Immune Cell Labeling As A Critical Methodological Tool For Characterizing Cd4+ T Cells In The Lung In Eae, Gholamreza Azizi, Mohamad Rostami

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Growing evidence highlights the lung -brain axis as a key contributor to CNS autoimmunity. However, accurate characterization of lung immune cells remains technically challenging because standard transcardial perfusion does not eliminate the lung's extensive marginated intravascular leukocyte pool, allowing circulating cells to contaminate analyses of the lung parenchyma.

METHODS: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in mice by immunization with MOG35-55 peptide in complete Freund's adjuvant, followed by pertussis toxin administration. Lung mononuclear cells were isolated after intravascular (IV) CD45 labeling, transcardial perfusion, and enzymatic digestion. Immune cell populations and intracellular cytokine production were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry …

Development Of An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline For Glp-1 Medication Management And Weight-Loss Monitoring In Adults, Jeannette Mariela Pena

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This doctor of nursing practice project addressed the lack of a standardized clinical practice guideline for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based medication management and weight-loss monitoring in an outpatient functional health setting. The purpose was to develop an evidence-based guideline to improve provider consistency, patient education, monitoring, documentation, and treatment safety for adults receiving GLP-1-based weight-management therapy. The Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice Model guided question development, evidence appraisal, synthesis, translation, and implementation planning. The guideline incorporated evidence related to adult obesity management, GLP-1-based pharmacotherapy, lifestyle intervention, eligibility assessment, medication selection and titration, adverse-effect monitoring, follow-up, and documentation. Three content experts—a nurse practitioner …

Exploring Rural And Non-Rural Disparities In Interpersonal Violence And Help Seeking Barriers Among North Dakota Women, Tahmid Hassan Jeeshan, Ashley K. Fansher

Criminal Justice Posters and Presentations

Interpersonal violence extends beyond physical assault to include psychological and/or emotional abuse that can produce substantial physical and mental health consequences. Unfortunately, rates of violence have not been directly studied among residents of North Dakota. In this study, we compare victimization patterns, treatment seeking behaviors, and barriers to treatment among North Dakotan women. We anticipate that rural victims will report more severe or chronic victimization yet face reduced access to and use of healthcare and victim services. By jointly considering violence type, rural versus non-rural status, and treatment seeking, this project highlights differences between rural and non-rural residents and identifies …

Gait Characteristics In Older Adults Using The Protokinetics Zeno Walkway: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (Aric) Study, Katherine J. Hunzinger, Laura Skow, Andrea L. C. Schneider, Michael E. Griswold, Xiaoqian Zhu, Farwa Ali, Pamela L. Lutsey, Jennifer A. Schrack, Luigi Ferrucci, Eleanor M. Simonsick, B. Gwen Windham

Department of Exercise Science Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Gait speed is an important indicator of functional status and health outcomes in older adults. Electronic gait mats are common in research, but stopwatches are more feasible in clinical practice. This study compared agreement between single task (ST) gait speed measured by stopwatch and gait mat and described single and dual task (DT) gait performance measured by gait mat.

METHODS: A subset of Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Visit 8 participants completed ST cognitive (serial subtractions), ST gait speed, and DT gait (gait with serial subtractions) on an electronic gait mat; ST gait speed was also assessed by …

When Children Cook: Food Experiences As Inquiry, Identity, And Learning, Marian S. Castillo, Carrie L. Ota

Spark! Innovations in Early Childhood Education: A Research-to-Practice Journal for Educators

This article explores the transformative potential of integrating cooking experiences into early childhood classrooms, arguing that food preparation offers much more than a simple activity. By drawing on classroom narratives such as shared meal preparation and spontaneous scientific inquiry this piece illustrates how cooking serves as a catalyst for wonder, problem-solving, and collaboration. It highlights how food-based activities naturally bridge home and school environments, fostering a sense of belonging and cultural identity among young learners. Grounded in developmentally appropriate practice, this article examines the teacher’s role in facilitating these experiences, emphasizing the importance of responsive planning, observation, and valuing the …

The Anxious Patient: How Breathing, Presence, And Calming Cues Transform What Happens In The Dental Chair, Kelly Davis Pt, Dpt, Faaompt, Mt

New Orleans Dental Association News

In part two of her three-part series for NODA News, Dr. Kelly Davis, PT, DPT, FAAOMPT, MTC, explains why a dentist's own regulation is one of the most powerful tools in the operatory. Dental anxiety triggers a genuine sympathetic nervous system response — elevated heart rate, muscle guarding in the jaw and neck, and a body primed for threat — that makes procedures harder for patient and clinician. Dr. Davis introduces co-regulation, the neuroscience-backed principle that a calm, grounded provider can help settle an anxious patient's nervous system through presence alone. She offers concrete, simple techniques dentists can use before, …

Noda News September 2026

New Orleans Dental Association News

New Orleans Dental Association (NODA) News includes regular columns with regional news impacting the New Orleans membership including: columns from the President and Executive Director, feature articles relating to the field of dentistry, association events and upcoming activities, component news, continuing education opportunities, and classifieds.

Identification Of Current Ai Usage In The Fields Of Exercise-Related Professions And The Requirement Of Ai Experience As A Hiring Criterion: A Preliminary Study, Michelle Stehman, Matthew Hankinson

Educational Practices in Kinesiology

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing within exercise-related professions, raising the question of whether college curricula for these professions should include AI education. This study aimed to evaluate current AI usage and to discover the priority of AI skills for hiring managers among exercise-related professionals. Section one of the questionnaire included questions about current use of AI within exercise-related professions (N = 65), and section two was specific to hiring managers and their position on AI skills as a hiring requirement (n = 32 completed this section). The main outcome of this study was that 32% of exercise-related professionals …

From Dissertation To Deployment: A Unified Software Platform Operationalizing Clinical-Prediction And Sequential-Security Ai For Healthcare, Olsi Shehu, Damiana Teliti, Jasmin Kevrić, Bekir Karlik

Communications of the IIMA

Advances in machine learning for healthcare are abundant, yet most validated models remain confined to research notebooks and never reach secure, usable clinical software. This paper addresses that deployment gap by presenting a unified, security-hardened software platform that operationalizes two complementary streams of doctoral research inside a single, role-based hospital information system. The first stream contributes a clinical-prediction capability: an ultra-hybrid ensemble that couples a quantum-inspired feature transformation, particle-swarm feature selection, and calibrated soft voting for cancer-outcome prediction (96.41% accuracy, AUC-ROC 0.983 on TCGA-BRCA), survival stratification, multi-cancer generalization, and pharmacogenomic drug-response classification (89.31% mean accuracy across 25 compounds). The second …

Cost Analysis Of Integrated Genderaffirming And Sexual Health Services For Transgender Women In Thailand: Evidence From The Tangerine Clinic, Braprut Sawatwipachai, Kunncadah Anuwong, Nittaya Phanuphak, Rena Janamnuaysook, Kritima Samitpol, Sujin Nitadpakorn

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Transgender women experience a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) globally and in Thailand. Integrating gender-affirming care into sexual health services may improve uptake of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) testing, treatment, and prevention. Cost data are essential to inform program planning and policy decisions regarding inclusion of such services within Thailand’s Universal Health Coverage (UHC) system.
Objectives: To estimate the full and unit costs of trans-led, integrated gender-affirming and sexual health services along the HIV care cascade.
Methods: Costs of Tangerine Clinic services in 2021 were assessed from the provider perspective, using standard and activity-based costing …

Development Of Micellar Sprays Containing Rhinacanthus Nasutus Extract For Dandruff Management, Suwipa Ungphaiboon Associate Professor, Sutasinee Ardhanwanich, Ketsuda Wongsuwan, Salwa Yanya, Nattanit Aekwattanaphol

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Dandruff is a common scalp disorder associated with altered sebum secretion and microbial imbalance, particularly between Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus, which correlates with disease severity.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop and optimize a multifunctional leave-on hair and scalp spray with anti-dandruff, nourishing, and protective properties.
Materials and Methods: Micelles containing Rhinacanthus nasutus extract were prepared using eco-friendly methods, including film hydration and direct solubilization. The formulations were optimized and evaluated for physicochemical properties, drug release, and antibacterial activity.
Results: The optimized micellar spray (BP), prepared through direct solubilization in citrate buffer, exhibited a mean particle size of 192.45 …

Modified Etoposide Loaded Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles: In-Depth Physical And Biological Evaluation For Lung Cancer Treatment, Umesh Kumar Atneriya, Jitendra Sainy

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Lung cancer is approximately 25% of all death cases in any cancer and the death beats the number of deaths reported by colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer combined.
Objectives: This present study was carried out with an objective to investigate the possibility of graphitic carbon toward making a multifunctional anti-lung cancer nano-platform targeting etoposide (ETS) as a model drug.
Materials and Methods: First, the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) was made by the Hummer method based on graphite flakes and further modified with folic acid (FA) and polyethylene glycol to make FA/GO/ETS. The formation of FA/GO/ETS was …

Charge Modulation Of Peptide/Nucleic Acid Complexes: An Anionic Additive Enhances Gene Silencing And Crispr/Cas9 Editing By Promoting Intracellular Nucleic Acid Release, Abdulelah Alhazza, Sorour Khayyatnejad Shoushtari, Hasan Uludag, Keykavous Parang, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated Protein 9 (Cas9) complexes are effective approaches to temporarily downregulate protein expression via post-transcription RNA interference or permanently altering protein expression via editing genomic DNA, respectively. However, the efficient delivery of these mediators to targeted cells has been challenging, largely due to their anionic and hydrophilic nature, which hinders their interaction with the cell membrane and cellular internalization. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) exhibit dual characteristics as a carrier for nucleic acid delivery, where positively charged components bind to the negatively charged nucleic acid, and the hydrophobic components …

Medetomidine As A Fentanyl Adulterant: Pharmacology, Detection, Clinical Presentation, And Management, Kory S. London, Phil Durney, Brendan Hart, Ashish Thakrar, Dennis Goodstein, Alex J. Krotulski, Daniel Teixeira Da Silva, Joseph D’Orazio, Lara Weinstein, Jeanmarie Perrone, Michael J. Lynch

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

Purpose of Review Medetomidine is a veterinary α2-adrenergic agonist that has been an adulterant of illicitly manufactured opioids since 2022. We review its pharmacology, detection, intoxication, withdrawal, and management, and assess why severe withdrawal has emerged in some regions but not others. Recent Findings Medetomidine has spread through North American drug markets yet evades most toxicology testing. Roughly two hundred times more potent than xylazine, with greater α2 selectivity and imidazoline-1 activity, it causes intoxication resembling other α2 agonists: sedation and bradycardia. The dominant clinical problem is withdrawal: autonomic dysregulation, intractable vomiting, and encephalopathy frequently requiring intensive care. Treatment requires …

Skin Carotenoid Scores Reflect Immune Status Among Children Living With Hiv In Tanzania, Wilbert Mbuya, Thobias Boniphace, Michael Mwagala, Peter Agrea, Nazareth M Mbilinyi, Nancy E Moran, Andrew R Dinardo, Mkunde Chachage

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Many individuals living with HIV experience persistent inflammation despite antiretroviral treatment, increasing their risk for cardiovascular diseases, cognitive decline, and other noncommunicable diseases. Carotenoids can inhibit this inflammation by reducing lipid peroxidation. Carotenoid intake and plasma concentrations can be approximated using a noninvasive cutaneous spectrophotometer. This study quantified skin carotenoid levels in Tanzanian children ages 5 to 15 years old (N = 185) both with and without HIV. Over 95% had low to moderate skin carotenoid scores (< 400 units). In children living with HIV, higher viral loads were linked to lower skin carotenoid scores (rho = -0.57, P < 0.001), whereas higher CD4 counts correlated with increased skin carotenoid scores (rho = 0.52, P < 0.001). Overall, carotenoid levels were low and associated with immune status, suggesting that elevated carotenoid scores correlate with lower inflammation in children living with HIV. Future studies investigating dietary carotenoid interventions to support immune function are warranted.

Blinatumomab Care Delivery For Pediatric B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Daniel Zheng, Katelyn Oranges, Subhash Ramakrishnan, Lingyun Ji, Melissa Beauchemin, Sarah Alexander, Allison Leahy, Kira Bona, Emi Caywood, Sharon Castellino, Sumit Gupta, Douglas Hawkins, Olga Militano, Kathleen Montgomery, Haley Newman, Rachel Rau, Susan Rheingold, Joanna Robles, Michael Roth, David Teachey, Sarah Vargas, Sue Zupanec, Susan Parsons

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

IMPORTANCE: Blinatumomab, a novel immunotherapy administered as a 28-day continuous infusion, has fundamentally shifted the treatment paradigm for pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and is now considered a component of standard therapy for the most common childhood cancer. However, the care delivery challenges in transitioning from an experimental agent on a clinical trial to widespread clinical implementation are unknown.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical landscape of pediatric blinatumomab care-delivery practice and challenges in the US from the perspective of treating centers.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This survey study was conducted from February to March 2025 among US member institutions …

Good Grief: Finding Hope & Achieving Growth In The Face Of Loss, Daniel D. Cowell M.D.

Open Access Books

Grief has profoundly shaped Dr. Dan Cowell's life both professionally and personally. A board-certified psychiatrist, he spent 26 years in the U.S. Public Health Service, including leadership roles across federal health systems, before serving for 15 years as professor and chairman of psychiatry at the Marshall University School of Medicine, and was the Senior Associate Dean for Graduate Medical Education when he retired in 2009.  Throughout his career, he has accompanied individuals and families through some of life's most difficult losses. In his personal life, he has been touched by these losses himself, including the tragic deaths of an infant …

Trauma Work With Horses: Compassion And Connection, Olivia Sagan Prof

The International Journal of Ecopsychology (IJE)

New ways of working with trauma survivors are being sought with the case being made that dominant trauma therapies have relied too heavily on verbal narration and cognitive processing.  Evidence suggests that traumatic experiences are often encoded in sensory, emotional, physiological, and relational systems that may be difficult to access through language alone. This has led to interest in the potential of body-oriented, movement-based, and experiential interventions alongside traditional talk therapies. There are also calls for exploring nature-based therapies as these have shown that engagement with natural environments may help aid the process of healing. Within this context, equine-assisted therapies …

Characterization Of An Open-Channel Structure And Lateral Conduction Pathway In The Cation-Selective Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channel, Elic, Mark J Arcario, Elizabeth J Wu-Chen, Yuna Shim, Jérôme Hénin, Grace Brannigan, Wayland W L Cheng

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Open-channel structures of multiple pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) have been determined, including the prokaryotic model pLGIC, Erwinia ligand-gated ion channel (ELIC). For many of these structures, it remains uncertain whether they represent a physiologic open-channel state because the conditions used for structure determination do not match those of functional measurements in cell membranes. Here, MD simulation is used to examine the ion conduction properties of the ELIC open-channel structure, which was determined using a non-desensitizing mutant called ELIC5. Results from simulations show that the pore remains stably open on the microsecond timescale, but computational electrophysiology measurements demonstrate a large …

Evaluation Of The Association Between School Prevention Programs And Adolescents’ Opioid Abuse In The United States, Lida Moazezi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study examined adolescent opioid misuse in the United States and the role of school-based prevention. Guided by the health belief model, the purpose was to test whether participation in school-based drug prevention lessons was associated with past-year opioid misuse among adolescents ages 14–17 and whether race and gender moderated that association. This quantitative, cross-sectional, nonexperimental secondary analysis used the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 8,965). Analyses included weighted descriptives, chi-square tests, and complex-samples logistic regression controlling for age and socioeconomic status. The sample included adolescents ages 14–17 with complete data on school-based prevention participation, …

Intouch Week Of Sept. 7, 2026, New York Medical College

InTouch

• Faculty Senate Ushers in New Leadership Team
• NYMC Faculty Undertake Medical Missions to Improve Global Health
• Sleepy Hollow High School Student Builds a Foundation for a Future in Research
• NYMC Club Fair 2026 Highlights Student Involvement and Inclusion
• New Puzzle Room Offers Recreation and Relaxation
• Faculty Author Celebration Set for October 8
• Free Shipping on NYMC Gear
• Real Life Experiences Prepare Students for TCDM
• Employee Spotlight: Lifesaving Skills in Action

Gender Differences In The Association Between Marriage And Epigenetic Age, Theo O. Moran, Alina M. Kushner, Theodore F. Robles, Jennifer W. Robinette

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction:

Being married is related to better health, but many studies reveal greater health benefits among men relative to women. Some research has indicated that married individuals exhibit decelerated epigenetic age relative to individuals who are not married, but questions remain regarding gender differences therein. The purpose was to investigate gender differences in associations of marital status to epigenetic age (ing) assessed on three clocks/algorithms (PhenoAge, GrimAge, and DunedinPACE).

Methods:

Data from 762 participants in the national Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS II; men N = 382, women N = 380) were used. Weighted linear regressions were conducted …

Neuroimmune Phenotyping As The Next Frontier In Chronic Pain Medicine For Musculoskeletal Back Pain, Samer G. Salman, Rohan A. Phadke, Adithya Nair, Rahul Kumar, Arbaz Momin, Alireza Tavakkoli, James Rizkalla

Department of Neurosurgery Posters

Background: Chronic low back pain encompasses heterogeneous mechanical, neuropathic, nociplastic, and myofascial presentations that may reflect distinct neuroimmune mechanisms. We synthesized evidence linking these phenotypes to measurable biological features and clinically relevant treatment strategies.

Methods: We conducted a structured literature search of MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published from January 2005 through January 2025. Systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and mechanistic studies addressing neuroinflammation, glial activation, central sensitization, biomarkers, or imaging were organized according to four clinically relevant pain phenotypes and translational readiness.

Results: Neuroimmune findings differed across axial mechanical, …

The High Cost Of Incomplete Physical Exams: Missed Diagnosis Of Cushing Syndrome In A Patient With Recurrent Hospital Admissions, Tarah M Burton, Miranda K Hunter, Mihail Zilbermint

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Cushing syndrome is a rare but life-threatening endocrine disorder associated with a classic constellation of physical exam findings (e.g. “moon facies”, abdominal striae, etc.). However, thorough biochemical testing is needed to confirm this diagnosis. We present the case of a 35-year-old male with multiple hospitalizations across a variety of healthcare institutions for heart failure, cellulitis, uncontrolled hypertension, and diabetes.  While an adrenal mass was eventually identified on imaging, classic signs of Cushing syndrome – including violaceous striae, truncal obesity, and facial plethora – were missed during prior admissions.  This case illustrates the diagnostic delay that can result from incomplete physical …

Gender Differences In Presentation And Outcomes Of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (Scad): A Single Center Case Series Study, Abdul Nadeem Akhtar, Fnu Aisha, Aimen Binte Moazzam, Mohammad Omer Rehman Rana, Abida Perveen, Jahanzeb Malik

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Background: Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) is an important non-atherosclerotic cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), predominantly affecting younger females. Despite increasing recognition, data on gender-based differences in SCAD presentation and outcomes remain limited, particularly in South Asian populations.

Methods: This retrospective case series included 24 patients diagnosed with SCAD at Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS) between January 2022 and March 2025. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, angiographic findings, management strategies, and outcomes were analyzed with a focus on gender-based differences.

Results: Of the 24 patients, 17 were female (70.8%) and 7 were male (29.2%). Females were younger and had …

Pilot Intervention Of Wearable Smart Device And Coaching To Improve Sleep, Well-Being, And Professional Fulfilment Among Female Clinicians In Primary Care, Cheryl D. Stults, Sien Deng, Nina K. Szwerinski, Amandeep Mann, Sarina Le Sieur, Kimberly Ababseh, Tiffany Lam, Jill Kacher Cobb, Kelly Reilly, Stacey Upton, Dionyse Hartmann, Dennise Rosas, Laurie Gregg

Journal of Wellness

Introduction: Previous research has suggested an association between lack of sleep and well-being. Given higher rates of burnout among female clinicians, the Sutter Health “Joy of Work” team (a multidisciplinary group dedicated to improving organizational well-being) conducted a pilot among female clinicians in ambulatory services to assess factors associated with sleep, professional fulfillment, and intention to leave/reduce work hours.

Methods: The intervention consisted of several components: an Oura ring (a wearable smart ring device that tracks activity, sleep, and heart rate); health coaches who sent text messages to participants and advised those participants with additional resources and questions; and three …

Implementation Of A Learning Module To Reduce Advanced Practice Provider Preceptor Burden, Michelle Bloom

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Student Projects

The transition of advanced practice providers (APPs) from student to provider, or from an experienced provider to a new organization or location, has been identified as a high-stress period with potential turnover for new-hire APPs. APP preceptors play a key role in this transition. Limited time to teach during the clinical day and a limited knowledge base among new hires were two of many factors associated with increased preceptor burden. A brief online educational module that provided pre-clinical, organization-specific education was proposed to improve new-hire APPs’ knowledge base and reduce preceptor burden, among APP preceptors working in a 36-bed surgical/burn/trauma …

Dimensions Of Father-Love Absence As Predictors Of Psychological Well-Being: Evidence From University Students, Dody Hartanto, Mufied Fauziah, Zerlinda Aurora Saputri

Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling

Psychological well-being is a crucial aspect of university students' development as young adults. Father-love absence is believed to be one of the factors influencing this well-being. This study aimed to analyze the role of father-love absence as a predictor of university students' psychological well-being and to identify the contribution of each aspect of father-love absence. A quantitative approach with a descriptive correlational design was employed. A total of 318 active university students were selected through simple random sampling and completed an online questionnaire. Father-love absence was measured using an adapted scale based on Xiang and Zhou's theory, encompassing four aspects: …

Ai-Supported Analysis Of Jury Deliberation Impact Factors, Jennifer Siciliani Phd

Generative AI Teaching Activities

Students conduct a controlled, two-run generative AI jury simulation to examine how a single socio-legal variable affects simulated jury deliberation. They compare and manually code the AI-generated outcomes against peer-reviewed human jury research to evaluate the model’s accuracy, limitations, and potential biases.