Digital Commons Network^™

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences 2004 Annual Report

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Personnel
VBMS Teaching Program
VBMS Research Program
International Activities, 2004
Veterinary Extension Program. 2004
VBMS Grants and Contracts Program. 2004
Refereed Publications by VBMS Faculty in 2004
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences. Selected Committees, Editorial and Other Appointments. 2004
Articles Regarding the Department in 2004
Departmental Budget Summaries. 2004
Nebraska Agricultural Statistics. 2003/2004

N-(Methylamino) Isobutyric Acid Inhibits Proliferation Of Cfsc-2c Hepatic Stellate Cells, T. L. Freeman, G.M. Thiele, L.W. Klassen, B.T. Klassen, M.E. Mailliard

United States Public Health Resources

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) involves the induction of ECM protein synthesis and rapid cell proliferation. Thus, agents that interfere with either process could potentially mitigate the development of liver disease by reducing the synthesis of proteins associated with fibrosis or by reducing the number of activated HSC. Previously, we described that the non-metabolizable amino acid analog N-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB) reduced hepatic collagen content of rats in a model of CCl₄-induced liver injury, and in vitro studies using CFSC-2G cells indicated that MeAIB directly reduced collagen synthesis. However, the MeAIB-mediated reduction of hepatic collagen, in vivo, …

Research Annual Report 2003, Children's Mercy Hospital

Research Annual Reports

Annual report of the research at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Risk Of Disease From Wildlife Reservoirs: Badgers, Cattle, And Bovine Tuberculosis, M. Scantlebury, M. R. Hutchings, D. J. Allcroft, S. Harris

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Livestock face complex foraging options associated with optimizing nutrient intake while being able to avoid areas posing risk of parasites or disease. Areas of tall nutrient-rich swards around fecal deposits may be attractive for grazing, but might incur fitness costs from parasites. We use the example of dairy cattle and the risks of tuberculosis transmission posed to them by pastures contaminated with badger excreta to examine this trade-off. A risk may be posed either by aerosolized inhalation through investigation or by ingestion via grazing contaminated swards. We quantified the levels of investigation and grazing of 150 dairy cows at badger …

Maximizing Resources To Meet Client Needs: Evaluation Of A Comprehensive Hiv/Aids Care And Support Model In India, Yrg Care, Horizons Program, International Hiv/Aids Alliance

HIV and AIDS

To examine the benefits and feasibility of service delivery, the Horizons program and the International HIV/AIDS Alliance undertook a multifaceted operations research study of YRG CARE, a nongovernmental organization which offers services to PLHA in southern India. Data from this study suggest that comprehensive care and support services have had a positive impact on perceived quality of life, serostatus disclosure, number of illness episodes, and household expenditures for those patients who participated in the study. The results of this component of the study support the value of scaling-up the YRG CARE service model to other NGOs in India to expand …

Expanding Care And Support In South India: Scaling Up Yrg Care's Patient-Centered Approach, Yrg Care, Horizons Program, International Hiv/Aids Alliance

HIV and AIDS

This study examines the experiences of YRG CARE, a Chennai-based NGO, which provides an integrated continuum of prevention, care, and support services for PLHA in South India. In this Horizons report, the authors examine the process of scaling up YRG CARE’s patient-centered approach and how this led to the enhanced provision of care and support services at four selected sites. Networking and collaboration among providers at all sites were essential parts of the strategy. At the end of project workshop, scale-up participants and YRG CARE affirmed their intention to continue collaboration in order to build on the successes of the …

Succession Planning In Uganda: Early Outreach For Aids-Affected Children And Their Families, Horizons Program, Makerere University Department Of Sociology, Plan Uganda

HIV and AIDS

This publication reports on an intervention study that evaluated the effectiveness of a succession planning (SP) program in Uganda. Unlike most other programs for AIDS-affected children, succession planning reaches children and their families while their HIV-positive parents are still living and in a position to plan for their children’s long-term well-being. Research carried out by the Department of Sociology at Makerere University (Kampala) and the Population Council Horizons program suggests that succession planning is a promising approach: despite AIDS-related stigma and cultural resistance to acknowledging illness and death, qualitative research indicates that the approach met with a high degree of …

Mad Cow Disease: An Approach To Its Containment, Michael B. Abramson

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Commentary: Teratology In The 20th Century Environmental Causes Of Congenital Malformations In Humans And How They Were Established By Harold Kalter, Robert L. Brent

The Selected Works of Robert Brent

No abstract

Nutritional Literacy Scale, James Diamond, Phd

Nutritional Literacy Scale

Nutritional Literacy Scale developed by James Diamond, MD.

Additional documents located at bottom of page include:

• Nutritional Literacy Scale Categories
• Research article published in Nutrition Journal "Development of a reliable and construct valid measure of nutritional literacy in adults" Feb 14, 2007
• "Development of a Scale to Measure Adults' Perceptions of Health: Preliminary Findings" in Journal of Community Psychology, 2007

Involving Young People In The Care And Support Of People Living With Hiv/Aids In Zambia, Eka Esu-Williams, Katie D. Schenk, Joseph Motsepe, Scott Geibel, Anderson Zulu

HIV and AIDS

The Population Council, in collaboration with CARE International and Family Health Trust, conducted a study in Zambia to determine which care and support needs of people living with HIV and AIDS and their families could be met by trained youth, and to establish whether youth engaged in formalized care and support activities would increase their adoption of protective behaviors or reduce the stigma faced by members of AIDS-affected households. Discussions with caregivers and clients demonstrated that trained youth are able to meet a range of the needs of clients and orphans and vulnerable children, and that their efforts may be …

Public Posting As A Strategy To Increase Walking: A Worksite Intervention, Rayleen Earney, Timothy J. Bungum

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Because most American adults do not meet recommended physical activity guidelines, the need for new and innovative strategies is apparent. The current study employed public posting in an attempt to increase walking behavior in a worksite setting. Pedometer generated data was publicly posted in a prominent location in the worksite. In our study that utilized a pre-experimental design, we found that walking steps were statistically higher during the intervention and in a post intervention period as compared to the baseline data. We conclude that the public posting of physical activity data has the potential to increase walking behavior.

Ic107: Program: 9th Biennial Symposium On Minorities, The Medically Underserved & Cancer. From Awareness To Action, The Unequal Burden Of Cancer, Intercultural Cancer Council

Informational and Promotional Materials

Program details the events, speakers, attendees, and discussions during the 9th Biennial Symposium on Minorities, the Medically Underserved & Cancer presented by Intercultural Cancer Council and Baylor College of Medicine. The symposium took place March 24-28, 2004 at the OMNI Shoreham in Washington, DC. See more at Intercultural Cancer Council Records.

Awareness Of Heart Health Promotion And Heart Disease Prevention Programs Among African, African-American, And Caucasian American Women, Leenghoi Lower

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The aim of this study was to assess awareness of African, African-American, and Caucasian American women regarding heart health promotion and heart disease prevention programs. A survey consisting of 10 questions was given to 150 women from the Minnesota cities of Mankato, Minneapolis, and Saint Paul. Data was collected from 60 women. Results from this study indicated that 32.45% of women were aware of heart health promotion and heart disease prevention programs while 67.55% were not aware. An investigation was also carried out to determine knowledge of women regarding heart disease as the leading cause of morbidity in women. Results …

Perceptions Of Pediatric Overweight And Weight Management: A Comparison Of Parents And Physicians, Lisa K. Thomason

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Pediatric overweight is of paramount importance in Kentucky, as studies show prevalence rates are higher in the state than the national average. Research suggests that comprehensive treatments involving diet training, exercise training, and psychological counseling are most effective at reducing overweight in children. Little research has been done, however, to compare parents' and physicians' perceptions of obesity, its treatment, or barriers to weight management.

The purpose of this study is to examine differences in attitudes toward pediatric obesity and weight management among parents and physicians, specifically related to the importance of diet training, exercise training, and psychological counseling. Surveys were …

Access To Health, Natalie Huls

Human Rights & Human Welfare

Access to health is an often-overlooked aspect of the right to health. Without practical access, the right to health becomes an empty promise. International human rights conventions and declarations do not directly mention access to health, but the above comment on the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights does address the issue.

The Obligation Of Physicians To Medical Outliers: A Kantian And Hegelian Synthesis, Thomas J. Papadimos, Alan P. Marco

Anesthesiology Faculty Publications

Background

Patients who present to medical practices without health insurance or with serious co-morbidities can become fiscal disasters to those who care for them. Their consumption of scarce resources has caused consternation among providers and institutions, especially as it concerns the amount and type of care they should receive. In fact, some providers may try to avoid caring for them altogether, or at least try to limit their institutional or practice exposure to them.

Discussion

We present a philosophical discourse, with emphasis on the writings of Immanuel Kant and G.F.W. Hegel, as to why physicians have the moral imperative to …

Alcohol Increases Microglial Expression Of Chemokine Mip-1 And Mcp-1 Mrna, Catherine L. Kossover, Cynthia J.M. Kane

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Fetal exposure to alcohol can lead to extensive pathology in the CNS causing fetal alcohol syndrome or alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Our previous research has revealed that alcohol has detrimental effects on development of neurons and glial cells, including microglia. However, the effects of alcohol on microglial function as well as interactions between microglia and neurons remain relatively unexplored. Microglia produce immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines that directly control the survival, development, and function of neurons and glia. In this study, mouse N9 microglial cells were treated with 0.5% (w/v) ethanol for 12-48 hr with or without subsequent challenge with the cellular …

The Biopsychosocial Model Of Medicine: Implications For The Future Of Healthcare, Abby M. Luensmann

Presidential Scholars Theses (1990 – 2006)

The science of medicine is changing at an incredible rate. New treatments, technologies, and biologically-based discoveries seem to occur almost daily. In fact, the health care business has evolved into the largest service industry in the United States, grossing more than $1 trillion annually (Taylor, 2003). Despite the obvious attention paid to health-related issues in this country, is our health care system actually providing American citizens with the most efficient and effective care treatments possible? Do current medical practices have the best interests of the American public in mind, or are outdated philosophies being used to treat illnesses and diseases …

Comparison Of Energy-Restricted Very Low-Carbohydrate And Low-Fat Diets On Weight Loss And Body Composition In Overweight Men And Women, Jeff Volek, Matthew Sharman, Ana Gomez, D Judelson, M Rubin, Greig Watson, B Sokmen, R Silvestre, Duncan French, William Kraemer

Research outputs pre 2011

Objective: To compare the effects of isocaloric, energy-restricted very low-carbohydrate ketogenic (VLCK) and low-fat (LF) diets on weight loss, body composition, trunk fat mass, and resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight/obese men and women. Design: Randomized, balanced, two diet period clinical intervention study. Subjects were prescribed two energy-restricted (-500 kcal/day) diets: a VLCK diet with a goal to decrease carbohydrate levels below 10% of energy and induce ketosis and a LF diet with a goal similar to national recommendations (%carbohydrate:fat:protein = ~60:25:15%). Subjects: 15 healthy, overweight/obese men (mean ± s.e.m.: age 33.2 ± 2.9 y, body mass 109.1 ± 4.6 …

The Journal Of Undergraduate Research: Volume 02

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

This is the complete issue of the South Dakota State University Journal of Undergraduate Research, Volume 2.

Inside Unlv, Gian Galassi, Jennifer Vaughan, Carol C. Harter, Richard Flaherty, Rebecca Mills

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.

Integrating Adolescent Livelihood Activities Within A Reproductive Health Programme For Urban Slum Dwellers In India, Mary Philip Sebastian, Monica J. Grant, Barbara Mensch

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This project, whose collaborators included CARE, the Centre for Operations Research and Training, and the Population Council, tested the impact of economic skills training among girls in a slum in Allahabad, India. Recognizing the relative disadvantage of adolescent girls, the study aimed to build an evidence base for adolescent livelihoods programs. Participating girls and their parents welcomed the program, and the baseline survey clearly indicated the appropriateness of an intervention that addresses the capabilities and opportunities available to adolescent girls—including both vocational training and savings schemes. However, few girls turned their new skills into economic gain, in part because of …

Involving Men In Maternity Care In India, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Anurag Mishra, Anjana Das, Emma Ottolenghi, Dale Huntington, Susan E. Adamchak, M.E. Khan, Rick Homan

Reproductive Health

The Men in Maternity study investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and cost of a new, more comprehensive model of maternity care that encouraged husbands’ participation in their wives’ antenatal and postpartum care. The study was conducted in India, in collaboration with the Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC), Delhi Directorate at their primary health facilities called dispensaries. The study found that men accompanied their wives to the clinics and participated actively in the intervention. There were significant changes in family planning knowledge and behaviors of both men and women; although there was little acknowledgement of STI risk, knowledge and use of dual …

Oncolog, Volume 49, Number 01, January 2004, David Galloway, Katie Prout Matias, Karin M.E.H. Gwyn Md, Richard L. Theriault Do

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Pregnancy and Cancer Treatment Often Are Not Mutually Exclusive
• Studies of the Viral Origins of Some Cancers Lead to New Prevention, Treatment Strategies
• House Call: Cancer and Your Weight
• DiaLog: Treating Breast Cancer during Pregnancy, by Karin M.E.H. Gwyn, MD, Assistant Professor, and Richard L. Theriault, DO, Professor, Department of Breast Medical Oncology

Married Adolescents: A Review Of Programmes, Auralice Graft, Nicole Haberland, Rachel E. Goldberg

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Historically, major adolescent and reproductive health initiatives have failed to explicitly consider the needs of married adolescents. This paper provides insight into what is being done—or not being done—to support married adolescent girls and boys, how these populations’ needs are being conceptualized, and the extent to which social context is factored into program design. Some early work with adolescent mothers (married and unmarried) is considered. The degree to which selected adolescent programs have been able to reach married girls with their activities is briefly examined. A few basic parameters of potential interventions for married adolescents are presented, including an inventory …

A World Apart: The Disadvantage And Social Isolation Of Married Adolescent Girls, Nicole Haberland, Erica Chong, Hillary J. Bracken

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This brief is based on a paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Despite the program attention and funding that have …

Too Young To Be A Mother: A Description Of The Lives Of Married Adolescent Girls In Egypt, Omaima El-Gibaly, Susan M. Lee

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Improving the status and health of women is high on the agenda of the Ministry of Health and Population in Egypt. Investing in the lives of women who marry in their teens has long-term benefits for these girls and their children. Valid information is needed, however, to address these girls’ special needs. Adolescent health is currently one of the major concerns of the Ministry of Health and Population, as is delaying early marriage and addressing the reproductive and other health needs of married girls. The Ministry was a fieldwork partner with the Population Council, providing data collection from primary health …

Healing Wounds, Instilling Hope: The Tanzanian Partnership Against Obstetric Fistula, Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, Erica Chong

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of Quality/Calidad/Qualité describes a partnership formed to combat obstetric fistula in Tanzania. The Bugando Medical Center, the Women’s Dignity Project, the Tanzania Midwives Association, and the government cooperated on an extensive program for surgical repair, prevention, and policy research and activities. Lessons learned: 1) Fistula programs need to address social as well as medical issues. 2) Most repairs are successful, making an enormous difference in women’s lives. 3) Relatively little funding is necessary to start up a fistula program. 4) Fistula programs are vehicles for broader conversations about gender and poverty.

Guérir Les Blessures, Faire Naître L’Espoir: Le Partenariat Tanzanien Contre La Fistule Obstétricale, Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, Erica Chong

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of Quality/Calidad/Qualité describes a partnership formed to combat obstetric fistula in Tanzania. The Bugando Medical Center, the Women’s Dignity Project, the Tanzania Midwives Association, and the government cooperated on an extensive program for surgical repair, prevention, and policy research and activities. Lessons learned: 1) Fistula programs need to address social as well as medical issues. 2) Most repairs are successful, making an enormous difference in women’s lives. 3) Relatively little funding is necessary to start up a fistula program. 4) Fistula programs are vehicles for broader conversations about gender and poverty.