Portal Vein Obstruction In Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients: An Evaluation Of Self-Reported Management Practices., Lydia Sieben, Bader A. Alfares, Ruben H. De Kleine, Barbara E. Wildhaber, Thomas Casswall, Greg Nowak, Martin Delle, Denise Aldrian, Valeria Berchtold, Georg F. Vogel, Piotr Kaliciński, Malgorzata Markiewicz-Kijewska, Adam Kolesnik, Jesús Quintero, María Mercadal Hally, Mauricio Larrarte King, Paolo Marra, Michela Bravi, Domenico Pinelli, Mureo Kasahara, Seisuke Sakamoto, Hajime Uchida, Vidyadhar Mali, Marion Aw, Stéphanie Franchi-Abella, Emmanuel Gonzales, Florent Guérin, Guillermo Cervio, Julia Minetto, Sergio Sierre, Martín De Santibañes, Victoria Ardiles, Jimmy Walker Uño, Helen Evans, David Duncan, John Mccall, Steffen Hartleif, Ekkehard Sturm, Jai V. Patel, Marumbo Mtegha, Raj Prasad, Cristina T. Ferreira, Luiza S. Nader, Marco Farina, Catalina Jaramillo, Manuel I. Rodriguez-Davalos, Peter Feola, Amit A. Shah, Phoebe M. Wood, Michael R. Acord, Ryan T. Fischer, Bhargava Mullapudi, Richard J. Hendrickson, Rajeev Khanna, Viniyendra Pamecha, Amar Mukund, Khalid Sharif, Girish Gupte, Simon Mcguirk, Gilda Porta, Winita Hardikar, Marco Spada, Tommaso Alterio, Giuseppe Maggiore, Marisa Beretta, Rudi A J Dierckx, Reinoud P H Bokkers, Hubert P J Van Der Doef, Portal Registry Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Portal vein obstruction (PVO) is a known complication after pediatric liver transplantation (pLT). Effective management strategies are crucial in improving patient outcomes. This study investigated the various practice patterns related to PVO management to clarify the degree of consensus on the diverse facets of care involved in addressing PVO after pLT.

METHODS: A self-reported evaluation was conducted using a scanned, paper-based survey among specialized pLT centers participating in the Portal vein Obstruction Revascularization Therapy After Liver transplantation (PORTAL) registry. The survey consisted of 30 questions covering the current practices regarding PVO, including experience, team composition, follow-up and …

Intouch Week Of May 26, 2025, New York Medical College

InTouch

• SOM Faculty Recognized for Excellence with Dean’s Faculty Awards
• NYMC Gathers Experts for In-Depth Look at Vector-Borne Diseases Impacting New York
• TU Research Day 2025 Explores “Plasticity in Research: AI and Beyond”
• SHSP Formal 2025 was a Night to Remember
• Student Spotlight: Nicole DeSouza to Deliver Student Address at the 166th NYMC GSBMS Commencement
• Alumni Spotlight: Akshay Syal, M.D. ’21, Bridges Medicine and the Media

The Impact Of Narratives And Active Video Games Among Black And Hispanic Children With Overweight And Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Amy S Lu, Tom Baranowski, Tiago V Barreira, Amy Fleischman, Melanie C Green, Shirley Y Huang, I-Min Lee, Lynne L Levitsky, Farzad Noubary, Debbe Thompson

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Overweight and obesity disproportionately affect Black and Hispanic children who also play more video games. Narratives, coupled with home-based active video games (AVGs), may enhance PA and mitigate these disparities. This study tested the effect of narrative-enhanced home-based AVGs among predominantly Black and Hispanic children with overweight and obesity.

Methods: This 6-month three-group RCT recruited 135 children aged 7-14 from pediatric clinics in Boston, MA (January 2020 - May 2022) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were randomized into: [Narrative + AVG], receiving an Xbox/Kinect with six AVGs interspersed with a narrative animation Ataraxia (72 episodes over six months), which …

A Systematic Review Of Brief Cognitive Test Used Among The Veteran Population, Joel Mcpherson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The practice problem this DNP project addressed was the lack of a of consensus for a brief cognitive screening (BCS) tool that can be most predictive of mild cognitive disorder (MCI) and dementia in a Veteran Affairs (VA) outpatient clinic. Addressing this gap in practice is important because the veteran population may be at increased risk of MCI and dementia due to age, a history of traumatic brain injury, and posttraumatic stress disorder. This DNP project was a systematic review of the literature. A population, exposure, outcome (PEO) framework and the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) theory guided …

Circus-Specific Extension Of The 6th International Consensus Statement On Concussion In Sport, David Munro, Stephanie Greenspan, Joanna Nicholas, Melanie I. Stuckey

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

While sport-related concussion (SRC) is a known risk in circus arts, no published guidelines exist to guide post-concussion return to circus, contributing to inadequate management in this population. The Concussion in Sport Group (CISG) published the 6th international consensus statement in 2023, providing updated guidance and assessment tools for the management of SRC. Sport and dance organisations have adapted these recommendations for their specific settings. The aim of this extension statement was to extend the CISG guideline to the circus arts training and performance context. Development included a review of literature, creation of the initial drafts by the working group, …

Mpox 2022 To 2025 Update: A Comprehensive Review On Its Complications, Transmission, Diagnosis, And Treatment, Rajesh Yadav, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Ujjwal Srivastava, Saurabh Gupta, Sarvesh Rustagi, Hassan Ahmed Rudayni, Vivek Kashyap, Sanjay Kumar

School of Medicine Publications

Monkeypox virus (Mpox virus) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus that has gained increased global attention due to recent outbreaks. The current review reports the latest update of Mpox cases from 25 February 2022 to 29 April 2025. It also evaluates the possible major complications in human life caused by Mpox. In early 2022, more than 40 countries reported Mpox outbreaks. As of 12 June 2024, the global case count for the 2022–2023 Mpox outbreak was 97,281 confirmed cases, in 118 countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Mpox virus, a zoonotic disease, a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) …

The Relationships Among Orthorexia Nervosa, Perfectionist Tendencies And Academic Achievement In Nutrition And Dietetics Students, Sophia Grace Owens

Master's Theses

Eating disorders can cause a disturbance in how the health of food is viewed (Cerniglia et al., 2017). If a person has disturbances in their eating behaviors that can cause harm to their health, but the behaviors do not fit into the criteria of a specific eating disorder, they fall into the category of a disordered eating pattern (Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018). Because of the stress the college environment can cause students, some college students may cling to anything they can control, which may be reflected in their dietary habits. Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), a disordered eating pattern, is …

Life In The Fast Lane: Improving Patient Intermittent Fasting Compliance, William C. Moreo

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Background: In the United States, 2 in 5 adults are obese. The U.S. spends approximately $147 billion annually on healthcare related to obesity. Intermittent Fasting (IF) has emerged as an evidence-based, safe, and cost-effective approach to weight loss. When instructed correctly, it has been shown to improve patient BMI and total weight over a short-term duration.

Purpose of the Project: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a standardized time-restricted eating (TRE) intermittent fasting education protocol for primary care providers (PCP) and its impact on their confidence levels in managing patients. This project aims to enhance …

Implementing The Fib-4 Tool For Liver Fibrosis Screening In Diabetic Patients In Primary Care, Robert I. Montillano

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Abstract

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly non-non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affects over 1 in 3 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is a leading cause of advanced liver fibrosis. Despite guideline support from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), screening practices remain inconsistent in primary care. The Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index is a validated, low-cost, noninvasive tool for fibrosis risk stratification, yet it remains underutilized despite its availability in many electronic health record (EHR) systems.

Purpose: This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) evidence-based practice (EBP) project …

Personalized Nutrition Program For Microbiome Restoration: A Functional Approach To Gut Health, Digestive Function, And Weight Management, Maria Camila Trujillo

Department of Nutrition Student Projects

The gut microbiome has emerged as a fundamental influencer of digestion, metabolism, human health, and weight management. Dysbiosis and imbalance in gut microbial composition are associated with various health disorders, including obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Considering the high incidence of weight-related health concerns among dietary clients, personalized microbiome interventions offer a promising therapeutic approach. This project aimed to develop evidence-based medical nutrition therapy guidelines grounded in individualized microbiome analysis via stool testing. As a structured protocol, the RISE method (reset, identify, support, excel) was established based on the current literature review and specialized microbiome training. The methodology incorporates …

“Non-Markovian” And “Directional” Errors Inhibit Scientific Self-Correction And Can Lead Fields Of Study Astray: An Illustration Using Gardening And Obesity-Related Outcomes, Jon Agley, Sarah E Deemer, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Herein we coin the terms non-Markovian error and biased Markovian error to describe categories of scientific errors for which general progress within a field of study may be unlikely to result in scientific self-correction. We provide examples of such errors and show their impact on studies about gardening and obesity.

Diagnosis, Treatment, Genetic Basis, And Prevention Of Canine Hip Dysplasia, Nathaniel R. Woody

Senior Honors Theses

Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD) is a genetic disorder that results in an improper formation of the hip joint. This results in joint laxity, which eats away at the cartilage of the acetabulum. CHD causes arthritis, making normal walking painful for dogs. CHD is the result of many different genes and mutations working together. The best way to prevent CHD in dogs is to selectively breed animals who are not genotypic for the mutation. For dogs that already carry the mutation responsible for CHD the earlier the diagnosis and treatment the better chance they have of a full pain free life …

Self-Management For People With Epilepsy And A History Of Negative Health Events (Smart): A Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial, Martha Sajatovic, Jessica Black, Jacqueline Krehel-Montgomery, Richard Barigye, Joy Yala, Clara Adeniyi

Faculty Scholarship

Objectives: This 2-site, 6-month randomized controlled trial of an epilepsy self-management (ESM) curriculum (SMART) vs. 6-month waitlist (WL) control assessed effects on epilepsy outcomes in 160 people with epilepsy (PWE). Methods: PWE had at least 1 negative health event (NHE) defined as a seizure, emergency department visit, hospitalization or self-harm attempt in the last 6 months. Primary outcomes were differences in proportions of PWE with reductions in NHEs from baseline to 6 months follow up and change in NHE/seizure counts between SMART and WL. Secondary outcomes included the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), Quality of Life …

The Lack Of Awareness And Effects Of Peripheral Artery Disease And Systematic Barriers Of Black Americans: The Need To Increase Clinical Trial Recruitment And Retention Of Black Americans 40 Years Of Age And Over, Cheron Jackson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative narrative study was to understand Black American men and women 40 years old and over perceptions of participating in clinical trials and evaluating the extent of awareness about Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). Normative and explanatory theoretical framework was used to set the norms that understand most Black American behavior and explain causes of behaviors. This in turn helped sponsors, investigators, and researchers improve recruitment plans, outreach programs, and increase marketing to attract this population. Using MAXQDA software this research gathered qualitative data from 20 Black American men and women participants 40 years old and over, …

Undergraduate Nursing Students' Perceptions Of Faculty Mentorship For Student Success In Persevering Toward Program Completion: A Qualitative Study, Shirley C. Callihan

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative exploratory single case study is to explore the undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of faculty mentorship for student success in persevering toward program completion. The theory guiding this study is the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) by Callista Roy, as it relates to nursing students' adaptation to the challenges in their environment through faculty mentorship. The central question is: What are undergraduate nursing students' perceptions concerning faculty mentorship for student academic success in persevering toward program completion? Convenience sampling was used to recruit ten participants who were undergraduate nursing students from a Registered Nursing program in the …

Implementation Of Social Support Assessment In Patients Aged 65 And Older With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus To Improve Treatment Adherence In A Primary Care Setting, Angela Allen-Blaine

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Background: There is a growing number of adults aged 65 years and older living with type 2 diabetes. Research shows this population is at a higher risk of losing independence due to diabetic complications. Social support is a key component to help assist patients with taking medications properly, preparing diabetic meals and monitoring blood glucose. Adequate social support may improve the quality of health and well-being in older adults. Social support is not routinely assessed in primary care, but it is routinely treated. This evidence-based practice project aimed to educate clinicians about social support assessment and facilitate implementation of a …

The Relationship Between Health Status, Physical Activity, And Employment On Life Satisfaction In Adults, Lau Hung Yin

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Life satisfaction is influenced by various factors such as health, physical activity, and employment status, emphasizing the multidimensional nature of well-being. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study is to examine the relationship between health status, physical activity level, and employment status on life satisfaction among adults in the U.S. The importance of this study focused on understanding how these factors influence life satisfaction. The research question focused on assessing the interconnectedness of these variables. The participants of the study are non-institutionalized civilian adults residing in the fifty states and the District of Columbia. The study involved a total sample …

Beyond The Bmi: An Educational, Family-Centered Approach To Identifying Risk For Childhood Obesity, Michelle J. Mak

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Background: In the United States, the increasing prevalence of obesity has caused public health concerns. From 2017 to 2020, 14.7 million children ages 2 to 19 were considered obese. The main parameter for diagnosis is a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile on the growth chart. Additionally, overweight is defined as a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles. At a pediatric primary care clinic in San Diego, CA, over a third of patients are considered overweight or obese. Obesity comorbidities can include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Overweight adolescents have a 70% likelihood of …

Exposure To And Impact Of Unhealthy Food Marketing On Adolescents And Young Adults: A Narrative Review And Research Agenda, Nicholas Freudenberg, Rositsa Ilieva

Publications and Research

Consumption of unhealthy food has become a leading cause of premature deaths and preventable illnesses around the world. Research shows that marketing by the companies that produce, distribute, and sell unhealthy foods and beverages is associated with increased consumption of these products. To date, however, limited research has focused on the cumulative exposure and impact of various modes of marketing employed to reach distinct populations. In this narrative review, we summarize 25 years of scientific evidence and findings from 108 empirical studies and 19 systematic and scoping reviews of various forms of unhealthy food marketing to adolescents (aged 13 to …

Vegf In Diabetic Retinopathy And Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Andrew Callan, Justin Z. Heckman, Giani Tah, Samantha Lopez, Laura Valdez, Andrew Tsin

School of Medicine Publications

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in angiogenesis throughout the human body, influencing countless physiological and pathological processes, including tumor growth, preeclampsia, and retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In DR, VEGF promotes retinal neovascularization and intraretinal fluid accumulation, leading to complications like diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Regular intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are commonly used to manage PDR and DME, though repeated treatments are often required, and efficacy can be limited. AMD, a major cause of vision loss in older adults, is characterized by either dry or …

Current Paradigm And Futuristic Vision On New-Onset Diabetes And Pancreatic Cancer Research, Russell Moreland Iii, Abigail Arredondo, Anupam Dhasmana, Swati Dhasmana, Shabia Shabir, Asfia Siddiqua, Bonny Bannerjee, Murali Yallapu, Stephen Behrman, Subhash Chauhan, Sheema Khan

School of Medicine Publications

New-onset diabetes (NOD) has emerged as a potential early indicator of pancreatic cancer (PC), necessitating a refined clinical approach for risk assessment and early detection. This study discusses critical gaps in understanding the NOD-PC relationship and proposes a multifaceted approach to enhance early detection and risk assessment. We present a comprehensive clinical workflow for evaluating NOD patients, incorporating biomarker discovery, genetic screening, and AI-driven imaging to improve PC risk stratification. While existing models consider metabolic factors, they often overlook germline genetic predispositions that may influence disease development. We propose integrating germline genetic testing to identify individuals carrying pathogenic variants in …

Multicomponent Parenteral Lipid Emulsions Do Not Prevent Liver Injury In Neonatal Pigs With Obstructive Cholestasis, Greg Guthrie, Caitlin Vonderohe, Valeria Meléndez Hebib, Barbara Stoll, Douglas Burrin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Biliary atresia (BA) is a pediatric liver disease that often necessitates parenteral nutrition (PN) to support growth due to impaired liver function. While soy-based lipid emulsions (SLE) are commonly used in PN, they may contribute to cholestatic liver injury. In contrast, mixed lipid emulsions (MLE) show promise in preventing cholestasis in infants without BA, potentially by restoring bile flow. However, their effectiveness in patients of complete bile duct obstruction, as seen in BA, remains uncertain. To explore the potential benefits of MLE in BA, we utilized a neonatal pig model of bile duct ligation (BDL). Pigs underwent either BDL or …

Staff Education On Documentation For Hospice Registered Nurses, Sharon Spencer Cunningham

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Summary Documentation is a part of a daily task that all nurses undertake. Its purpose is to provide validation of care rendered to patients. In the hospice setting, nurses’ documentation is crucial, as it supports whether a patient qualifies to receive hospice services. If proper documentation is not recorded, patients can lose services and organizations can face a loss of revenue and potential fines. At a hospice organization in the Southeast United States, there was little emphasis of the importance of documentation that adheres to guidelines set by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Therefore, nurses’ documentation lacked the …

The Influence Of Compensation From Wages And Benefits On Healthcare Workers' Performance In Healthcare Services, Jiddan Azizan Hakim, Ghania Danisha Maharani, Riswandy Wasir, Alif Indah Melani, Cahya Arbitera

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

This study aims to evaluate the influence of compensation, including wages, incentives, and benefits, on the performance of health workers in primary health centers and hospitals. A literature review was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed, focusing on articles published in the last 5–10 years. From an initial search yielding 1,021 articles, nine were selected based on inclusion criteria. The results show that direct compensation (salary) and indirect compensation (benefits) have a positive impact on health worker performance. However, the effect of incentives varies depending on implementation. Motivation and job satisfaction were mediating factors that strengthened the relationship between compensation …

Staff Education To Improve Patient Outcomes And Treatment Compliance Through Use Of Motivational Interviewing In The Mental Health Setting, Rachel Nardi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Summary: Treatment noncompliance is a significant problem within the realm of mental health care. Recurrent noncompliance increases symptom severity, the likelihood of a crisis, and the burden placed on mental health care resources. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based practice (EBP) demonstrated through extensive research to positively affect patient outcomes. Teaching MI to mental health care providers is one option organizational leaders can choose to address treatment noncompliance. In order for MI to become standard nursing practice, a method of education must be developed and implemented. This necessitates the identification of effective education delivery methods. A staff education project was …

The Joint Association Of Diet Quality And Sleep Regularity With Incident Cardiovascular Disease In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Kaitlin S Potts, Claire Veldkamp, Alexis C Wood, Erin D Michos, Raymond Noordam, Tianyi Huang, Susan Redline, Heming Wang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background/objectives: Diet quality and sleep regularity both influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and may influence each other, but there is scarce evidence for their joint or interacting associations in relation to CVD. We assessed these associations in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Methods: Participants free of CVD with valid diet and sleep measures in 2010-2013 were included and followed through 2020 for detection of incident CVD (188 events detected over 8.8 years among 1782 participants; 55% women). Sleep timing and duration regularity were assessed via the intra-individual SD of sleep onset time and duration across 5- to 7-day actigraphy. …

It Is Not Clear How Well Physical Activity Promotion Materials Are Understood: Findings From A Rapid Literature Review, Jafra D. Thomas, Jasmine C. Wong, Regina F. Hockert, Yi Sheng Wu, Winston Kennedy

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 6: Issue 1, Article 6, 2025. Efforts to promote physical activity and other health-related behaviors are more effective when resource materials are understood by a wide and diverse audience. Before our lab’s previous investigations (Thomas et al., 2024), only one study seemed to use the cloze procedure to directly test the comprehension (i.e., readability) of physical activity promotion material (Cardinal & Seidler, 1995). Thus, this rapid literature review sought to (a) determine the extent the cloze procedure has been used to study physical activity promotion material comprehension in lay adults and (b) collate …

Interprofessional Collaboration Between Primary Care And Occupational Therapy, Ellen Modlin, Phd, Otr/L, Bcp, Caps, Deana Shevit Goldin, Phd, Dnp, Arnp, Fnp-Bc

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

Purpose: This article explores the utilization of occupational therapy (OT) in interprofessional health care teams in adult populations. Primary care settings are typically the first point of contact for individuals seeking health care services; therefore, primary care practitioners (PCPs) are in a unique position to initiate collaboration with specialty clinicians to optimize the use of health care resources.

Method: Peer- reviewed literature from primary care and OT research was reviewed and summarized. The search focused on barriers and potential opportunities for collaboration between primary care and occupational therapy in adult populations.

Results: Occupational therapy (OT) is underutilized, as lack of …

Do Repeating Interprofessional (Ip) Courses Stimulate To Increased Development Of Ip Competencies?, Anders Baerheim, Ingunn Johanne Ness, Reidun Lisbeth Skeide Kjome, Merethe Hustoft, Sissel Johansson Brenna, Ane Johannessen

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

The aim of this study was to elucidate whether acquired interprofessional (IP) competencies increased with repeated IP courses. Methods. We used a cross-sectional survey including students from four IP courses at two Norwegian higher educational institutions. One site had a 1-2 weeks on-campus training for their bachelor students at the start of each of the three academic years, whilst the other site arranged a workplace-based course for final year health and social care students from both educational institutions. Students from the first site complete all three on-campus courses and the workplace-based course before completion of their education, while students …

A Multi-Level Gene-Diet Interaction Analysis Of Fish Oil And 14 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Traits Identifies The Fads And Gpr12 Loci, Susan Adanna Ihejirika, Alexandra Huong Chiang, Aryaman Singh, Eunice Stephen, Han Chen, Kaixiong Ye

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Fish oil supplements (FOS) are known to alter circulating levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) but in a heterogeneous manner across individuals. These varied responses may result from unidentified gene-FOS interactions. To identify genetic factors that interact with FOS to alter the circulating levels of PUFAs, we performed a multi-level genome-wide interaction study (GWIS) of FOS on 14 plasma measurements in 200,060 unrelated European-ancestry individuals from the UK Biobank. From our single-variant tests, we identified genome-wide significant interacting SNPs (p < 5 × 10-8) in the FADS1-FADS2 gene cluster for total omega-3, omega-3%, docosapentaenoic acid (DHA), DHA%, and the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio. Among the interaction signals for omega-3%, the lead SNP, rs35473591 (C>CT, CT allele frequency = 0.34), had a lower association effect size in the FOS-taking group (β = 0.35 for …