Digital Commons Network^™

Improving Compliance With Safe Sleep Guidelines For Vulnerable Patients In A Community Safety Net Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Andrew Beverstock, Samantha Carlton, Hillary Lee, Thomas Lu, Kelsi Morgan, Ashlee Smith-Patel, Kelli Phillips, Joseph Hagan, Pablo Lohmann, Caraciolo Fernandes, Lisa Owens, Daniela Dinu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) often coexists with fetal growth restriction (FGR). The observed-to-expected (O/E) total fetal lung volume (TFLV) is used to assess CDH severity, predict outcomes, and direct fetal interventions. Expected TFLV measurements traditionally rely only on gestation age (GA). This simulation assesses how incorporating weight-adjusted GA norms affects O/E TFLV calculations in patients with isolated CDH and FGR.

Methods: A simulated dataset (n=1,005) utilized published mean fetal weight and TFLV references. Computer-generated variables included observed weights (3rd-10th %ile), O/E TFLV (10-65 %), and percent liver herniation (0-42 %). GA estimates were corrected by weight and used to …

Unraveling Posttranslational Modification Complexity: Advances In Quantitative Histone Proteoform Mass Spectrometry, Karl F Poncha, Alyssa T Paparella, Nicolas L Young

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Histone proteins and their posttranslational modifications are central to chromatin structure and function. These modifications often occur in combinations, generating a diverse array of histone proteoforms that contribute to the dynamic regulation of chromatin architecture. Advancements in mass spectrometry-based proteomics, particularly top-down and middle-down approaches, have significantly enhanced our ability to characterize these proteoforms and elucidate PTM crosstalk. This review provides an analysis of the epigenetic machinery involved in the addition, recognition, and removal of histone PTMs, emphasizing the complexity introduced by histone variants and combinatorial PTM patterns. We examine the challenges and limitations of traditional antibody-based methods for PTM …

Evolving Burden Of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease And Its Complications In A Us Nationwide Healthcare System, Basim Ali, Ronald Samuel, Jennifer R Kramer, Liang Li, Xian Yu, Yumei Cao, Roxanne Desiderio, George Cholankeril, Steven M Asch, Hashem B El-Serag, Fasiha Kanwal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing public health problem. Measuring the burden of cirrhosis and its complications in people with MASLD is important to inform health care delivery.

Methods: We aimed to quantify the changes in the burden of MASLD-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a nationwide U.S. healthcare system. We used data from the Veterans Health Administration to examine temporal trends between 2010 and 2021 in the annual incidence and prevalence of cirrhosis and HCC in a large cohort of patients with MASLD, and to compare them to those in patients with hepatitis C …

Highly Variable Expressivity Of A Cnv Deletion Involving Tbx4 In Three Deceased Siblings With Lung Developmental Disorder And Their Mildly Affected Mother And Grandfather, Przemyslaw Szafranski, Tomasz Gambin, Michal Kadlof, Michał Denkiewicz, Dariusz Plewczynski, Hyun Jeong Kim, Gail Deutsch, Nahir Cortes-Santiago, Salmo Raskin, Paweł Stankiewicz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy-number variant (CNV) deletions involving TBX4 have been associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension, ischiocoxopodopatellar syndrome, and lethal lung developmental disorders (LLDDs). Thus far, all large CNV deletions encompassing entire TBX4 have been found to have arisen de novo. Here, we present a three-generation family with three neonate siblings who died within 35-66 days due to histopathologically diagnosed LLDD. Whole-genome sequencing identified an ~108-kb CNV deletion encompassing TBX4 in all three infants. The deletion was also found in their mother with a history of pneumonia and persistent thick upper airway secretions and in the maternal grandfather …

Pd-L1-Centric Whole Blood-Based Immune Signature Profiles Of Tuberculosis Patients During Therapy, Johanna Eggeling, Martina Sester, Christoph Lange, Jan Heyckendorf, Barbara Kalsdorf, Anna M Mandalakas, Andrew R Dinardo, David Lewinsohn, Dagmar Schaub, Tina Schmidt, Eva Tolosa, Maja Reimann, Patricia M Sánchez Carballo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This prospective study investigated whole blood-based immune cell biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) immunoprofiling. Blood samples from 34 healthy controls and 51 tuberculosis patients were analyzed at three timepoints: Prior to therapy (T0), after 14 days of therapy (T1), and at the end of treatment (Te). Using multiparameter flow cytometry, 386 immune cell populations were analyzed. Predictive models were developed using two machine learning algorithms. A TB5LF change score, which was based on five cell populations, effectively distinguished tuberculosis patients from controls (AUC = 0.89) and tuberculosis patients before and at the end of treatment (AUC = 0.92). Similarly, the …

Preparing For Long-Acting Technologies: A Multistate Analysis Of Prep Persistence And Hiv And Sti Lab Coverage Among Oral Prep Initiators In St. Louis, Missouri (2014-2021), Lindsey M Filiatreau, Rupa Patel, Kate Curoe, Ashley Underwood, Joseph Cherabie, Elvin H Geng, Aditi Ramakrishnan, Rachel Presti, Aaloke Mody

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Engagement in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care and routine screening for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is critical to realizing the full benefits of this HIV prevention strategy.

METHODS: We enrolled a cohort of individuals seeking PrEP services in two clinics in Missouri, an Ending the HIV Epidemic priority state, from June 2014 to November 2021. We used electronic health record and survey data to explore outcomes in the 2 years following linkage to care using multistate methods. We assessed transitions between eight mutually exclusive care states differentiated by receipt of a prescription, lab coverage status, and retention. We …

Perceived Hiv Risk, Barriers, And Preferences For Hiv Testing In Structurally Vulnerable Communities In St. Louis: A Best-Worst Scaling Survey, Emmanuel K Tetteh, Noelle Le Tourneau, Gregory Gross, Mckenzie Swan, Tyrell Manning, Justin Cole, Katie Wolf, Lawrence Hudson-Lewis, Julia D López, Todd Combs, Virginia R Mckay

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BackgroundPersistent gaps in efforts to end the HIV epidemic in the United States highlight the need for community-specific, evidence-based HIV testing strategies. This study investigated barriers and preferences around HIV testing among underserved populations, including Black, queer, and young adults in the St. Louis, Missouri area.MethodsWe conducted a Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) survey with adults (16+ years) recruited at community events, collecting responses electronically and providing a $25 incentive. The survey assessed the relative importance of 13 potential barriers to HIV testing such as stigma, structural barriers, and perceived HIV risk, chosen based on literature review and community input. Mean preference …

Maternal Prebiotic Supplementation Modifies Associations Between Intrapartum Antibiotics And Infant Allergy, Summer V.M. Walker, Thomas R. Sullivan, Rachelle A, Pretorius, Nina D'Vaz, Johnny Lo, Johan Garssen, Jeffrey A. Keelan, Desiree Silva, Susan L. Prescott, Claus T. Christophersen, Debra J. Palmer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Prebiotics promote growth of beneficial gut bacteria, whereas antibiotics can disrupt the microbial balance, reduce diversity, and potentially cause gut dysbiosis. This investigation aimed to determine whether antibiotic use before, during, or after birth altered the risk of infant allergic disease outcomes within a maternal prebiotic dietary supplementation trial. Methods: Maternal participants were allocated to consume daily prebiotics (galacto-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides) or placebo (maltodextrin) powder from 18 to 20 weeks' gestation until 6 months postnatal. All infants had a family history of allergic disease. Maternal and infant antibiotic use was prospectively collected monthly throughout the trial intervention period, and …

Bibliometric Analysis: Publish Or Perish And Vosviewer For Research Trends On Online Violence (2023–2025), Indriyana Rachmawati, Widya Juwita Sari, Sesya Dias Mumpuni

Buletin Konseling Inovatif

Cases of online violence have become increasingly widespread since the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which individuals began to grow dependent on the digital world. The digital realm has become a fundamental aspect of human life, bringing with it new forms of online violence. Online violence such as threats, hate speech, harassment, and bullying has emerged as a new weapon to control, isolate, and even torment affected victims. However, only a small body of literature has explored the changing nature of online violence following COVID-19. This study aims to review the literature on patterns of online violence post-pandemic, focusing …

Validation Of Micro Digital Content Model Of Project-Based Learning For Guidance And Counseling Courses In Non-Formal Education, Ella Faridati Zen, Yuliati Hotifah, Riskiyana Prihatiningsih, Nur Mega Aris Saputra

Buletin Konseling Inovatif

The research aims to produce a product in the form of a learning device for guidance and counseling courses in non-formal education in the form of micro digital based on project-based learning, which is theoretically accepted through expert testing. The development method uses the ADDIE design, with the procedures of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The trial subjects or product assessors consist of material experts and media experts in the field of guidance and counseling. Data were collected with expert assessment instruments and analyzed using the average technique. The expert assessment of the product by material experts produced an …

A Novel Mathematical Model Of Hiv Transmission Incorporating The Effects Of Treatment And Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Sensitivity Analysis And Numerical Simulations, Erick Manuel Delgado Moya

Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a public health problem in many countries of the world, and Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a preventive method for HIV, which has shown great efficacy and is in use worldwide. This work presents a new mathematical model for HIV transmission incorporating PrEP use and evaluates the impact of PrEP along with its increasing use in a population. The construction of the model takes into account three forms of diagnosis: diagnosis of individuals in risky sexual contact, diagnosis after risky contact (diagnosis in the undiagnosed infected compartment), and diagnosis associated with attempting to enter …

Patterns Of Rifampicin And Isoniazid Resistance In Pulmonary Rr/Mdr-Tb With Or Without T2dm, May Ira Sopha, Laksmi Wulandari, Musofa Rusli, Dominicus Husada, Susantina Prodjosoewojo

Folia Medica Indonesiana

Tuberculosis (TB) causes approximately[-12pc]AU: Please provide ORCID ID for all authors. 1.6 million deaths each year. The incidence of drug-resistant TB has continued to rise, primarily due to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Drug-resistant TB remains a primary concern in various parts of the world, especially in Eastern Europe, Russia, Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between first-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance and the presence or absence of T2DM comorbidity in patients with pulmonary RR/MDR TB. This research employed a cross-sectional design, which used secondary data from 2023, obtained from medical records, the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB), and …

Analysis And Numerical Investigation Of A Breast Cancer Treatment Model Incorporating Ketogenic Diet And Immune Boosters Via Optimal Control Theory, Kunnisai Muniroh, Ummu Habibah, Wuryansari Muharini Kusumawinahyu, Nur’Izzati Hamdan

Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications

This paper develops a mathematical model to investigate breast cancer dynamics by incorporating tumor–immune interactions, ketogenic diet effects, and medical treatment. The model is formulated as a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and analyzed within an optimal control framework. Time-dependent control variables are introduced to represent treatment strategies aimed at minimizing tumor progression while reducing therapeutic costs. The model’s well-posedness is established through positivity and boundedness analysis. The necessary conditions for optimality are derived using Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle, resulting in a coupled system of state and adjoint equations. Numerical solutions are obtained using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method combined with …

Mathematical Analysis And Numerical Simulation Of A Fractional-Order Sir-Si Model For Malaria Transmission Dynamics, Gassan A. M. O. Farah, Abdulaziz Y. A. Mukhtar, Kailash C. Patidar

Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications

This study investigates the complex transmission dynamics of malaria, a critical global health challenge, with a focus on the African continent. We introduce a novel approach that employs Fractional Differential Equations (FDEs) to advance the understanding of malaria spread and control. Specifically, we develop a new SIR-SI model using the Caputo fractional operator, which captures the memory effects and time-delay characteristics inherent in real-world epidemiological systems. A detailed analysis of the model's solvability and uniqueness is conducted using fixed-point theory. To obtain an analytical solution, the system is solved via the Laplace transform method, with solutions expressed in closed form …

Electrochemical Sensors Based On Graphene Oxide/Pedot:Pss Composite Decorated With Bimetallic Gold–Silver Nanoparticles For H2o2 Detection, Rayyan Azzahra Hidayat, Budi Riza Putra, Munawar Khalil, Wulan Tri Wahyuni

Makara Journal of Science

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a biomarker that indicates oxidative stress levels in the human body; thus, rapid and accurate detection methods are necessary to diagnose various disorders. This study developed a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for detecting H₂O₂ using bimetallic gold–silver nanoparticles (Au–Ag NPs) combined with graphene oxide and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)-modified glassy carbon electrode. The surface properties of the modified electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrodes was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. The bimetallic Au-Ag …

Panda-Plus: Improved Dataset Of Prostate Whole Slide Images From Panda Challenge With Pixel-Level Expert Annotations, Spencer Hopson, Carson Mildon, Corbyn Kubalek, Joshua L. Ebbert, Ryan Vance, Lauren Laverty, Paul Urie, Dennis Della Corte

Faculty Publications

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based prostate cancer detection through whole slide images (WSIs) offers promising potential to address the global pathologist shortage while improving clinical consistency. Digital slides and improving image analysis methods encourage the creation of tools to aid in WSI classification. Despite promising advances, these tools are still limited by available training data. Current publicly available datasets, such as Kaggle's PANDA Challenge, while large in scale, rely on slide-level labels that may introduce noise and limit model reliability. Others contain detailed annotations, but are smaller in size due to manual processing efforts. In this work, we introduce PANDA-PLUS, a 546-image …

Physicochemical, Pharmacognostic Standardisation And Phytochemical Analyses Of The Homoeopathic Drug Justicia Adhatoda, Bibaswan Biswas, Satish Patel, Digvijay Verma, Satyajit Maity, Shilpi Singh, Paulami Majumdar, Narasimha Kumar Gv

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Background: Justicia adhatoda (J. adhatoda), also well known as Vasaka in India is a medicinal plant chiefly used to treat respiratory ailments in traditional and alternative medical systems. Objective: This study aimed to establish the physicochemical, pharmacognostic, and phytochemical standardisation parameters of the drug. The study involved the measurement of physicochemical parameters and chemical profiling of the raw drug. The chemical characteristics of the in-house mother tincture (prepared from in-house raw drug) and commercial mother tinctures available in India were also evaluated to assess the quality of commercially available mother tinctures. Materials and Methods: The present study …

Potency Dependent Angiogenic Effect Of Bellis Perennis On In Ovo Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay, Jayanthdevan V, Winston Vargheese V, Anish Fathima K, Lohita S

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Background: Hormesis is the biological response of an organism for a particular dosage of a substance. The lower dose stimulates and higher dose inhibits. J Compton Burnett, an eminent homeopath, prescribed Bellis perennis for breast and uterine tumours, which suggests it could be due to the antiangiogenic property or angiogenic inhibiting property and clinically also it is used for healing of fractured bone and wound healing which may be due to angiogenic promoting property. This experiment deals with the dose dependent effect of Bellis perennis on In Ovo Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay. Objective: To evaluate the Hormesis effect of Bellis …

Perspectives On Implementing Environmentally Sustainable Practices In Cataract Surgeries: Interviews Of Administrative And Frontline Healthcare Workers, Daniel Parra, Brooke Sherry, Emma Pak, Lauren Taylor, Erin S. Rogers, Sarah E. Hochman, Maria De Los Angeles Ramos Cadena, Joel S. Schuman, Christina R. Prescott, Cassandra L. Thiel

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

BACKGROUND: Healthcare is responsible for 8.5% of greenhouse gas emission in the United States. Physicians are becoming increasingly concerned about the climate crisis, particularly in the field of ophthalmology where there is a growing body of literature related to sustainability. Although emissions of cataracts surgery, one of the most performed surgical procedures in the world, have been quantified, modifications to practice have yet to be made. This study aims to uplift the perspectives of a diverse set of healthcare workers on implementing environmentally sustainable practices in the cataract surgery setting.

METHODS: 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals working in …

Black Bone Mri Morphometry For Mandibular Cortical Bone Measurement In Head And Neck Cancer Patients: Prospective Method Comparison With Ct, Lisanne V Van Dijk, Juan Ventura, Kareem A Wahid, Lin L Zhu, Brigid A Mcdonald, Sara Ahmed, Keith L Sanders, Sonja M Stieb, Lance Mccoy, Christina S Sharafi, Kathryn E Preston, Natalie A West, Sarah Mirbahaeddin, Dina M El-Habashy, Travis Salzillo, Samuel Mulder, Joly Fahim, Aubryane Dearmas, Mona Arbab, Yao Ding, Jihong Wang, Bastien Rigaud, Anando Sen, Mark Chambers, Katherine A Hutcheson, Kristy K Brock, Abdallah S R Mohamed, Stephen Y Lai, Clifton D Fuller

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: Determine the utility of low-flip angle "black bone" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for cortical mandibular bone assessment compared to computed tomography (CT).

Methods: Quantification of cortical mandibular bone width was performed per Hamada et al. at 15 cross-sectional interdentium locations on pretreatment black bone MRI and CT for 15 oropharyngeal cancer patients, with interobserver analyses on a subset of three patients by 11 observers. CT and MRI measurements were compared using Bland-Altman analysis, Lin's concordance, and Deming regression; interobserver variability was assessed with absolute variance and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results: Bland Altman and Deming regression analyses showed CT …

Using Machine Learning To Predict Women At Risk Having A Child With Congenital Heart Defects, Amany M. Abdo Prof., Asmaa M. Mosallam Ms., Laila M. Abdelhamid Assoc.Prof.

Information Systems

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are heart malformations present at birth, affecting heart function and circulation, and are a leading cause of infant mortality. CHD can result from genetic, environmental, and maternal health factors, making early detection essential. Early diagnosis allows for timely intervention, reducing risks like heart failure or stroke. In countries like Egypt, CHD often remains undiagnosed due to limited healthcare resources. Artificial intelligence (AI) can improve early detection by analyzing risk factors. This study presents a predictive model for CHD using maternal and paternal health factors. Data was collected from 571 families: 260 with a CHD-affected child and …

Context Matching Is Not Reasoning When Performing Generalized Clinical Evaluation Of Generative Language Models, Andrew Wen, Qiuhao Lu, Yu-Neng Chuang, Guanchu Wang, Jiayi Yuan, Jiamu Zhang, Liwei Wang, Sunyang Fu, Kurt D Miller, Heling Jia, Steven D Bedrick, William R Hersh, Kirk E Roberts, Xia Hu, Hongfang Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Current discussion surrounding the clinical capabilities of generative language models(GLMs) predominantly centers around multiple-choice question-answer(MCQA) benchmarks derived from clinical licensing examinations. While accepted for human examinees, characteristics unique to GLMs bring into question the validity of such benchmarks. Here, we validate five benchmarks using eight GLMs, ablating for parameter size and reasoning capabilities, validating via prompt permutation three key assumptions that underpin the generalizability of MCQA-based assessments: that knowledge is applied, not memorized, that semantic consistency will lead to consistent answers, and that situations with no answers can be recognized. While large models are more resilient to our perturbations compared …

Context Matching Is Not Reasoning When Performing Generalized Clinical Evaluation Of Generative Language Models, Andrew Wen, Qiuhao Lu, Yu-Neng Chuang, Guanchu Wang, Jiayi Yuan, Jiamu Zhang, Liwei Wang, Sunyang Fu, Kurt D Miller, Heling Jia, Steven D Bedrick, William R Hersh, Kirk E Roberts, Xia Hu, Hongfang Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Current discussion surrounding the clinical capabilities of generative language models(GLMs) predominantly centers around multiple-choice question-answer(MCQA) benchmarks derived from clinical licensing examinations. While accepted for human examinees, characteristics unique to GLMs bring into question the validity of such benchmarks. Here, we validate five benchmarks using eight GLMs, ablating for parameter size and reasoning capabilities, validating via prompt permutation three key assumptions that underpin the generalizability of MCQA-based assessments: that knowledge is applied, not memorized, that semantic consistency will lead to consistent answers, and that situations with no answers can be recognized. While large models are more resilient to our perturbations compared …

Pengaruh Video Edukasi Unsafe Action Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Perilaku Pekerja Weaving Di Pt X, Ajay Abdiel Ferrall, Maria Paskanita Widjanarti, Jihan Faradisha

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

The textile industry is one of the leading sectors in Indonesia, playing a crucial role in providing employment and driving economic growth. However, this industry also carries significant potential for occupational safety and health hazards, particularly due to unsafe actions. Observations at PT X revealed that workers' level of knowledge and behavior regarding unsafe actions remained low. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effectiveness of an educational video intervention on unsafe actions on workers' knowledge and behavior. This quantitative research employed a quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group model. The study was carried out at …

Learning Engagement In Primary Education: Development And Validation Of A Contextualized Scale For Indonesian Elementary School Students, Meidias Abror Wicaksono, Edy Purwanto, Tri Joko Raharjo, Diani Akmalia Apsari, Bambang Subali, Nuni Widiarti

Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling

This study aims to develop and examine the validity and reliability of a contextual learning engagement scale for elementary school students. The scale was develop based on the learning motivation and behavior theory by Schunk, Pintrich, and Meece, and interest dimensions from Ainley. A quantitative approach using instrument development design was employed. Data analysis was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the construct structure. A total of 330 students from grades 4, 5 and 6 were selected through cluster random sampling. The results revealed that the scale consists of four dimensions: learning enthusiasm, learning persistence, learning autonomy, and …

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Pharmacokinetics, Drug-Likeness, Toxicity, And Molecular Docking Studies Of 4-N-(Methyl)-4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives As Antimalarial Compounds, Muhamad Jalil Baari, Devi Hardiyanti

Makara Journal of Science

Antimalarial drug resistance has encouraged various innovations to develop novel drug compounds that are effective, feasible, and safe, adhering to health standards. One way to do that is by observing and predicting the biological activity of drug compounds using quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. In this study, QSAR analysis was conducted on the 4-N-(methyl)-4-aminoquinoline derivatives, which effectively inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum as a source of malaria. The research stages involved molecular structure modeling, molecular geometry optimization using the AM1 semi-empirical method, and QSAR descriptor calculations, including electronic (atomic charges (q), HOMO and LUMO energies, polarizability (α), …

Predictive Modeling Of Hematoma Expansion From Non-Contrast Computed Tomography In Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients, Natasha Ironside, Shinjini Kundu, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hematoma expansion is a consistent predictor of poor neurological outcome and mortality after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). An incomplete understanding of its biophysiology has limited early preventative intervention. Transport-based morphometry (TBM) is a mathematical modeling technique that uses a physically meaningful metric to quantify and visualize discriminating image features that are not readily perceptible to the human eye. We hypothesized that TBM could discover relationships between hematoma morphology on initial Non-Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) and hematoma expansion. 170 spontaneous ICH patients enrolled in the multi-center international Virtual International Trials of Stroke Archive (VISTA-ICH) with time-series NCCT data were used for …

Formulation And Characterisation Of Isoniazid By Spray Drying For Use By Dry Powder Inhalers To Treat Tuberculosis, Damiana Gabrielli, Seán Roche

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

The targeted delivery of antibiotics by dry powder inhalers (DPIs) is an increasingly important area of research, driven by the growing global burden of respiratory infections and the advantages of localized drug delivery to the lungs. Over the past five years, respiratory infections have risen significantly, with recent epidemiological data indicating a global increase in incidence by over 30%, largely due to factors such as air pollution, antimicrobial resistance, and emerging respiratory pathogens. One major challenge in developing DPI formulations for antibiotics is the need to optimize the particle physicochemical properties for deep lung deposition while accommodating the high doses …

Suitability Of Mobile Phase Recycling For Methylxanthine Quantification In Coffee Samples Using Hplc, Kaitlin O’Keeffe, Marcos Mariano, Brian Murphy

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Caffeine, theobromine and theophylline fall under a drug class known as methylxanthines. These three compounds are of major interest in the food industry due to their presence in popular foods and beverages such as tea, coffee, and chocolate. As these compounds can cause physical and mental stress at high dosages, their quantification is essential to ensure product safety and quality. Here, we describe an eco-friendly HPLC method developed to quantify the amount of these analytes in coffee samples sourced across the SETU Waterford, Cork Road campus. Using an isocratic mixture of water and methanol, a mobile phase recycling approach was …

Advancing Skin Cancer Diagnostics: A Comparative Analysis Of Convolutional Neural Network Models For Skin Lesion Classification, Jesse Osuji, Tania Malik

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

For many years, skin cancer diagnosis and cancer research have been major focal points in the healthcare sector. Accurate classification of different types of skin lesions, including cancerous ones, is essential for proper diagnostics. Many machine learning (ML) techniques and models are used to solve various problems across various domains. One of such techniques is called neural networks. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are primarily used in computer vision-based problems, allowing computer systems to process and understand images. CNNs offer a potential tool for diagnosing skin lesions from images, occasionally demonstrating superior accuracy compared to trained dermatologists. This project explores various …