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Inhibitory Processes In Young Children And Individual Variation In Short-Term Memory, Kimberly A. Espy, Rebecca Bull

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

A precise definition of executive control remains elusive, related in part to the variations among executive tasks in the nature of the task demands, which complicate the identification of test-specific versus construct-specific performance. In this study, tasks were chosen that varied in the nature of the stimulus (verbal, nonverbal), response (naming, somatic motor), conflict type (proactive interference, distraction), and inhibitory process (attention control, response suppression) required. Then performance differences were examined in 184 young children (age range = 3 years 6 months to 6 years 1 month), comparing those with high (5 or more digits) and low (3 or fewer …

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Fall 2005-Winter 2006

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

What The People Want – Delivery Of Health Services In Rural And Remote Australia, Lorraine Sheppard

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

The purpose of the paper was to discuss directions in rural and remote health based on current policies in Australia. A review of the policy framework and consideration of health and population trends provide a basis to discuss the future rural workforce. The conclusions that are drawn support present models of rural and remote practice. A commitment to primary health and public health will be the next focus in health care. A rural health workforce can respond to this direction using existing modes of practice which emphasize working in teams, planning services based on patient need rather than clinical specialty …

Moral Responsiveness And Discontinuity In Therapy: A Qualitative Study, Jason B. Whiting Phd, R. Scott Nebeker, Stephen T. Fife

Faculty Publications

Phenomenological qualitative methods were used to identify and describe moral elements in therapeutic relationships. Using the relational philosophy of E. Levinas (1961/1969, 1979/1987) as a base, data in which therapists and clients identified and described morally responsive experiences in therapy sessions were analyzed. These moments were often unexpected and included categories of surprise, interruption, willingness to change, and clarifications/repairs. Additional moral phenomena related to therapists' attitudes included asymmetrical indebtedness, attitude of serving, and tentativeness of diagnosis. Identified moments of moral responsiveness were frequently associated with clients' progress in therapy. This suggests that conceptually smooth and uninterrupted therapy may be less …

Acoustic And Spectral Characteristics Of Young Children's Fricative Productions: A Developmental Perspective, Shawn L. Nissen, Robert Allen Fox

Faculty Publications

Scientists have made great strides toward understanding the mechanisms of speech production and perception. However, the complex relationships between the acoustic structures of speech and the resulting psychological percepts have yet to be fully and adequately explained, especially in speech produced by younger children. Thus, this study examined the acoustic structure of voiceless fricatives (/f, θ, s, ʃ/) produced by adults and typically developing children from 3 to 6 years of age in terms of multiple acoustic parameters (durations, normalized amplitude, spectral slope, and spectral moments). It was found the acoustic parameters of spectral slope and variance (commonly excluded from …

Acoustic And Spectral Characteristics Of Young Children’S Fricative Productions: A Developmental Perspective, Shawn L. Nissen, Robert Allen Fox

Faculty Publications

Scientists have made great strides toward understanding the mechanisms of speech production and perception. However, the complex relationships between the acoustic structures of speech and the resulting psychological percepts have yet to be fully and adequately explained, especially in speech produced by younger children. Thus, this study examined the acoustic structure of voiceless fricatives /f, s, b/ produced by adults and typically developing children from 3 to 6 years of age in terms of multiple acoustic parameters durations, normalized amplitude, spectral slope, and spectral moments. It was found that the acoustic parameters of spectral slope and variance commonly excluded from …

Understanding Latino Children And Adolescents In The Mainstream: Placing Culture At The Center Of Developmental Models, Marcela Raffaelli, Gustavo Carlo, Miguel A. Carranza, Gloria E. Gonzalez-Kruger

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Demographic shifts in the U.S. population require developmental researchers to increase their attention to cultural diversity. Conceptual models that incorporate culturally relevant variables and focus on normative and positive development are needed to produce a more balanced understanding of Latino youth development.

The presence of Spanish-speaking people and their descendents in what are now parts of the United States of America dates back to the early sixteenth century. Despite this presence, Latino families and their children have been inadequately— and sometimes inaccurately—represented in the developmental literature. (In this chapter, the term Latino is used to refer to both male and …

The Relation Between Inhibitory Control And Children’S Eyewitness Memory, Kim P. Roberts, Martine B. Powell

Psychology Faculty Publications

The hypothesis that inhibitory control – an aspect of executive functioning – is related to children’s suggestibility was tested. Five- to 7-year-olds (N = 125) participated in a staged event, were suggestively interviewed, and were later given a recognition test. Conflict and interference measures of inhibitory control were taken and compared to children’s ability to identify details from the target event and reject details from non-target sources (i.e., false suggestions, details from prior events). Children with higher than average verbal retroactive inhibition skills were more resistant to suggestions than children with poor inhibitory control. Collectively, age and retroactive inhibition …

Depression In Primary Care: Difficulties And Paradoxes, Haider Naqvi, Murad Moosa Khan

Department of Psychiatry

The presentation of depression in primary care is in many ways different from that seen in psychiatric settings. The process of detection and treatment is also different. This is particularly so in developing countries like Pakistan, which has high prevalence rates of depression but poorly organized primary health care services and primary care physicians (PCPs) who have little psychiatric training, either at undergraduate or postgraduate levels. There is a need to review difficulties faced by primary care physicians in detection and management of depression. It is hoped this would lead to better and more effective management of depression at primary …

The Effect Of A Lingual Magnet On Fricative Production: An Acoustic Evaluation Of Placement And Adaptation, Andrea Lynn Weaver

Theses and Dissertations

Much of speech kinematics research is conducted by attaching a device to the articulators. However very little research has been conducted to determine what influence these devices may have on the perceptual and acoustic characteristics of speech. This study examined the effect of placing a small magnet on the tongue of ten normal adult speakers while reading a sentence containing /s/ and "sh" in initial, medial and final position. Two different placements of 10 and 15 mm from the tip of the tongue were analyzed. Data were taken before magnet placement, immediately after magnet placement, after 5 minutes of conversation, …

Effects Of Information And Machine Learning Algorithms On Word Sense Disambiguation With Small Datasets, Gondy Leroy, Thomas C. Rindflesch

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Current approaches to word sense disambiguation use (and often combine) various machine learning techniques. Most refer to characteristics of the ambiguity and its surrounding words and are based on thousands of examples. Unfortunately, developing large training sets is burdensome, and in response to this challenge, we investigate the use of symbolic knowledge for small datasets. A naïve Bayes classifier was trained for 15 words with 100 examples for each. Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) semantic types assigned to concepts found in the sentence and relationships between these semantic types form the knowledge base. The most frequent sense of a word …

The Effects Of Divided Attention On Speech Motor, Verbal Fluency And Manual Motor Task Performance, Erin Hamblin

Theses and Dissertations

Research in dual task performance varies widely in its methodology and results. The present study employed three different types of activity to provide insights into the interference that occurs in dual task performance. Twenty young adults completed a speech task (repeating a sentence), a verbal fluency task (listing words beginning with the same letter), and right- and left-handed motor tasks (placing pegs and washers in a peg board) in isolation and in concurrent conditions. Speech kinematic data revealed that during concurrent performance of manual tasks, lip displacement and peak velocity decreased, while sound pressure level and spatiotemporal variability increased. The …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 47 Number 1, Summer 2005, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

9 - A MOGUL IN THE MAKING By Larry Sokoloff J.D. '92 While working toward his business degree, SCU sophomore Tyler Dickman runs a multimillion-dollar business based in Florida.

10 - TOP OF THE CLASS: FOUNDATION HONORS INNOVATIVE SCU PROFESSORS By Kim Kooyers. This year's winners of the Louis and Dorina Brutocao Award for Teaching Excellence and the Brutocao Family Foundation Award for Curriculum Innovation are examples of the SCU's outstanding teaching scholars.

14 - A GLOBAL ETHIC: A CONVERSATION WITH HANS KUNG By Rita Beamish '74 Hans Kung, scholar, Roman Catholic priest, and author of some 50 books on …

Using Social Cognitive Theory To Model Health Behaviors Among Chinese Children, Yan Zhang

Health Services Research Dissertations

This study examined the usefulness of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to model fast-food intake, fruit/vegetable consumption, and regular physical activity among a group of Chinese-American children in a Southeastern Virginia urban area.

An observational cross-sectional survey research design and snowball sampling were used. The survey employed items from the Health Behavior Questionnaire, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and a 24-hour Diet Recall Form. Eighty-four children completed the self-administered survey; 54 of these were enrolled in a Chinese Weekend School. The mean age of the children was 10.5 years (range 6-18) and 43% were girls. Logistic regression models were used to …

The Fellowship Program Of The Department Of Family Medicine, C. V. Chambers

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract available.

Auditory And Visual Correlates Of The Processing Of Gapping Structures In Adults, Tara Hansen

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare event-related potential (ERP) effects of speech processing and effects in sentence reading elicited by sentences containing gapping structures, or a "missing" verb. N400 and P600 waveforms were collected in 20 adults between 18 and 30 years of age. Two experiments were conducted with each participant. In the two experiments ERP recordings were collected as sentences, some containing gapping structures, were presented to the subjects. In one experiment sentences were presented through headphones in sentences spoken at normal rate and with normal intonation. In the second experiment sentences with the same gapping structures …

Culture Brokering: A Case Study Resolving Conflict In A Health Care Setting, Katherine A. Baumgartner

Theses and Graduate Projects

This paper describes the application of a culture brokering model developed by Mary Ann Jezewski to a cultural conflict within a pediatric clinic. The purpose of the case study was to explore the usefulness of the culture brokering model as a tool in resolving conflict as well as a process to expand cross-cultural understanding and promote connectedness of the patient in the health care system. A practice model for the advanced practice nurse is discussed which combines the cultural brokering model and places it within the framework of Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality. The cultural conflict in …

Thought Suppression Change In Cancer Patients And Survivors After Writing, Erin O'Carroll Bantum

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Breast cancer is a debilitating and many times fatal disease that will affect approximately 215,990 women in the United States alone this year. Treatment for breast cancer can involve many physically and psychologically straining features. The illness perception theory states that individuals form illness representations to make sense of health threats and illness. These representations contain a number of individual, specific attributes about the illness identity, and cause, time-line, consequences of, and cure/control of the illness. Many women who have experienced breast cancer have also been found to be keeping their thoughts inside. Thought suppression has been linked to many …

2005 - The Tenth Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars

Symposium of Student Scholars Program Books

The full program book from the Tenth Annual Symposium of Student Scholars, held on April 8, 2005. Includes abstracts from the presentations and posters.

Choral Reading With Filtered Speech: Effect On Stuttering, Manish Rami, Joseph Kalinowski, Michael P. Rastatter, Donald Holbert, Mark Allen

Communication Sciences & Disorders Faculty Publications

This study investigated use of choral reading with filtered components of speech and whispered speech on the frequency of stuttering. Three passages read by a normal adult male were lowpass filtered with kneepoint frequencies at 100 Hz (approximate glottal source), 500 Hz (source and first formant), and 1 kHz (source and the first two formants). Along with a whispered passage, a normal passage, and a control condition, these stimuli were used in a repeated-measures design with 12 adult stutterers as they read passages while listening to one of the stimuli. Frequencies of stuttering in each condition were analyzed. The choral …

Deaf Culture In Mombasa And Hiv/Aids Education, Krystel Viehmann

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Ten years ago a crisis was recognized by the Kenyan deaf community when it was realized that the country’s roughly 1 million deaf citizens had received little or no education about the HIV/AIDS pandemic. In Kenya, as elsewhere, the deaf population has formed a community characterized by a common, shared language and experience as a disabled population. The intracacies of this unique culture affect their interactions with the majority hearing community as they have their own customs and ways of interacting with one another that are distinct from the hearing majority. In 2004, the first VCT (Voluntary Counseling and Testing) …

Cultural Competence And Curricula In Physical Therapist Professional Education, Beth Ernst Jamali

Theses and Dissertations in Urban Services - Urban Education

The purpose of this research was to examine the methods and degree to which content related to cultural competence is incorporated into current entry-level physical therapist education. Face-to-face interviews were performed with 10 program directors from various physical therapist education programs across the country to obtain in-depth information regarding cultural competence in the physical therapy curricula. A questionnaire was sent to all of the 193 accredited physical therapist education programs in the United States as a second means to collect information regarding the methods and extent to which cultural competence is included in the physical therapy curricula. Data were collected …

The Travels Of Our Bodies, Ourselves, Jane Pincus

New England Journal of Public Policy

The women’s health book, Our Bodies, Ourselves: A Book by and for Women, was first printed in 1970 by the small, radical New England Free Press. Published by the group of women soon too become the Boston Women’s Health Book Collective, it was advertised solely by word of mouth. Successive newsprint editions reached a quarter of a million people in the United States through colleges and an extensive network of “underground” bookstores. The book placed female sexuality firmly within the framework of women’s health and combined vividly experienced medical encounters with available health and medical information. It critiqued prevailing cultural …

An Inquiry Based Instructional Planning Model That Accommodates Student Diversity, Cheryl M. Jorgensen

Institute on Disability

The students in today’s public school classrooms represent great diversity and the struggle of teachers to teach all their students well. This paper describes an inquiry based instructional planning model that reflects lessons from the literature on effective teaching for diverse classrooms. An example of a high school lesson exemplifies the model. The model includes a framework for planning supports for students with extraordinary learning challenges.

Examining The Time Course Of Indexical Specificity Effects In Spoken Word Recognition, Conor T. Mclennan, Paul A. Luce

Psychology Faculty Publications

Variability in talker identity and speaking rate, commonly referred to as indexical variation, has demonstrable effects on the speed and accuracy of spoken word recognition. The present study examines the time course of indexical specificity effects to evaluate the hypothesis that such effects occur relatively late in the perceptual processing of spoken words. In 3 long-term repetition priming experiments, the authors examined reaction times to targets that were primed by stimuli that matched or mismatched on the indexical variable of interest (either talker identity or speaking rate). Each experiment was designed to manipulate the speed with which participants processed the …

Inside Unlv, Erin O'Donnell, Carol C. Harter, Holly Ivy De Vore, Diane Russell

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.

English As Working Language For Non-Native Speakers–The Assessement Of English Language Proficiency Among Ab-Initio Applicants, Hinnerk Hinnerk Eißfeldt

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

In aviation English has been agreed upon being the international working language ever since. However only less than 15% of the worlds population speaks English as mother tongue, and it seems reasonable to assume that among pilots and controllers the percentage of native speakers is below 30%. To secure high global standards the International Civil Aviation Organisation ICAO has recently defined new requirements concerning the level of English language proficiency among aviation professionals. From March 2008 on aviation professionals have to be assessed concerning their proficiency in speaking and listening preferably in aviation-specific context. ICAO proposes to start formal evaluation …

A Real-Time Automated Transcription Tool For Tactical Communications Assessment, David T. Williamson, Lt Mathew D. Purtee

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

This paper describes the development of a real-time automated transcription tool for assessing tactical communications in a DIS environment. Java-based tools were developed to capture simulated radio communications data from tactical training exercises conducted at the Warfighter Training Research Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Human Effectiveness Directorate. A representative set of audio data was handtranscribed and used as training material for a class-based statistical language model using a commercially available speech recognition system. The language model was designed to allow run-time input of callsign data to provide increased flexibility. The resulting system is a real-time automated speech-to-text transcription …

Speech Errors Management In Air Traffic Control Communications: A Detailed Study, Jean-Leon Bouraoui, Nadine Vigouroux

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

Many studies have reported on some human factors influencing the communication process, especially in aeronautical framework (see Davison (2003) for example). When spoken, communication comprises three different components: production, perception and understanding. The communication is often disturbed by one or many errors that affect one or several of these components. Consequently, one way to make air traffic control (ATC) communications more efficient and robust is to have as much knowledge as possible on these problems and their usual management. This paper presents the interests brought by corpus-based studies to Air Traffic Control (ATC) applications, especially interactions/communication between controllers and pilots. …

Using Photography To Cross Generational, Linguistic, And Cultural Barriers To Develop Useful Survey Instruments., Ian Newman, Suree Kanjanawong

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Photographs are used as a research tool by anthropologists and as a technique to empower special populations, advocacy groups, and policymakers. This case describes how photography was used to develop a survey to study alcohol expectancies among Thai adolescents. A multicultural research team faced generational, linguistic, and cultural barriers in understanding Thai adolescent alcohol use well enough to write useful questions about alcohol expectancies. Asking adolescents to take and then discuss their photographs about alcohol allowed them to express themselves without the imposition of an organizational framework by the investigators. Group discussions of the photographs revealed nuances and subtleties of …