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Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Free-Ranging Deer In Nebraska, David G. Renter, Jan M. Sargeant, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Jeff D. Hoffmann, Jerry R. Gillespie

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

In order to determine the prevalence and distribution of the human pathogen, Escherichia coli O157:H7, in free-ranging deer, hunters were asked to collect and submit fecal samples from deer harvested during a regular firearm season (14–22 November 1998). Prior to the season, 47% of the hunters with permits in the southeastern Nebraska (USA) study area indicated a willingness to participate in the study. Approximately 25% of successful hunters in the area submitted deer fecal samples. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was cultured from four (0.25%) of 1,608 total samples submitted. All of the fecal samples that were properly identified (1,426) and all …

Control Of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus In Health Care Facilities In A Region, Belinda E. Ostrowsky , M.D., M.P.H., William E. Trick, Annette H. Sohn, Stephen B. Quirk, Stacey Holt , B.S., Loretta A. Carson , M.S., Bertha C. Hill, Mathew J. Arduino, Mathew J. Kuehnert, William R. Jarvis

VCU Health Publications

Background

In late 1996, vancomycin-resistant enterococci were first detected in the Siouxland region of Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota. A task force was created, and in 1997 the assistance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was sought in assessing the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the region’s facilities and implementing recommendations for screening, infection control, and education at all 32 health care facilities in the region.

Methods

The infection-control intervention was evaluated in October 1998 and October 1999. We performed point-prevalence surveys, conducted a case– control study of gastrointestinal colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and compared infection-control practices and …

Examination Of Iv Antibiotic Use And Length Of Stay In Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients, Shane Hammock

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between IV antibiotic administration and the length of stay for patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Research demonstrates that pneumonia is a large economic burden to acute care facilities across the United States. An ex post facto design was used to examine the difference in lengths of stay (LOS) for two groups of patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia in the Appalachian region. The first group received IV antibiotic therapy at or within 8 hours of arrival to the hospital. The second group received IV antibiotic therapy after 8 hours of arrival to …

Medical Relief After An Unnatural Disaster: How International Health Care Providers May Prove Counter-Productive To Recovery, Maureen Mccue

International Journal of Global Health

Equally severe natural disasters that hit equally populous areas produce vastly different impacts and outcomes depending on preexisting political and economic conditions. International relief organizations and civil defense disaster response teams employ effective life saving protocols in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. However, there is little information that addresses the ongoing needs or assesses appropriate responses to the persistent hardships and ill health remaining months after a disastrous event hits an impoverished nation. This article relates the experience of27 volunteer health care workers who provided relief care to Nicaraguan victims of Hurricane Mitch three months after the event. Issues …

Information Interface - Volume 29, Issue 1 - January/February 2001, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Information Interface (1976 - 2009)

News and information about Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library of interest to users.

Private Choice Versus Public Health: Religion, Morality, And Childhood Vaccination Law, Ross D. Silverman, Thomas May

University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class

No abstract provided.

Using The Polymerase Chain Reaction To Determine The Prevalence Of Lyme Disease Bacteria, Borrelia Burgdorferi, In Ixodes Pacificus Ticks From San Bernardino County In Southern California, Richard Allen

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Lyme Disease (LD) bacteria in adult Ixodes pacificus ticks collected from the mountains of San Bernardino County in Southern California. Seven hundred fifty four I. pacificus adults were collected from the Pacific Crest Trail and adjacent areas. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to screen ticks for Borrelia burgdorferi infection by targeting two different DNA loci. Oligonucleotide primers targeting both the ospA and fla genes were used in the assay. Ticks were processed in pools of three, and genomic DNA from the ticks was extracted with a commercial …

Perceived Social Support: Its Impact On Length Of Sobriety, Carol Richert Guy

Theses Digitization Project

This study examined the relationship between perceived social support and length of sobriety. In particular this study investigated whether higher reports of perceived social support had an effect on an individual's length of sobriety. Sixty-seven male and female residents of an inpatient alcohol and drug treatment center participated in this study.

Profile: Global Health Corps Short-Term Health Education Missions, Linda K. Miller

International Journal of Global Health

Global Health Corps is a non -profit organization that provides a field -based training program for post-secondary students in the area of cross-cultural community health. Students practice a variety of culturally appropriate community health activities domestically in the United States, as well as villages and shantytowns around the world. Preventive health activities include basic health assessments, hypertension clinics, program evaluations, health fairs, breastfeeding promotion, hygiene programs, fitness promotion, safety and first-aid programs, violence prevention programs, and educational programs on topics such as nutrition, dental health , prenatal care, well-baby care, reproductive health , infectious disease prevention, cancer prevention, school health …

Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus Aureus In A Home Health-Care Patient, Jeffrey C. Hageman, David A. Pegues, Carrie Jepson, Rose Lee Bell, Mary Guinan, Kevin W. Ward, Martin D. Cohen, Janet A. Hindler, Fred C. Tenover, Sigrid K. Mcallister, Molly E. Kellum, Scott K. Fridkin

School of Public Health Faculty Research

To date, four of the eight cases of infection by Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus [VISA] or glycopeptideintermediate S. aureus [GISA]) have been reported in the United States (1-3). We report a fifth case of VISA infection in the United States, and the first to occur during home health-care therapy. While all previous VISA strains have been oxacillin resistant, one of the two VISA strains identified in this investigation was oxacillin susceptible.

Pick-Me-Up Newsletter - Issue 2, Volume 1, Nova Southeastern University

Pick Me Up Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Nsu Achievements - Winter 2001, Nova Southeastern University

NSU Achievements

No abstract provided.

Infections With Ehrlichia Chaffeensis And Ehrlichia Ewingii In Persons Coinfected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Christopher D. Paddock, Scott M. Folk, G. Merrill Shore, Linda J. Machado, Mark M. Huycke, Leonard N. Slater, Allison M. Liddell, Richard S. Buller, Gregory A. Storch, Thomas P. Monson, David Rimland, John W. Sumner, Joseph Singleton, Karen C. Bloch, Yi-Wei Tang, Steven M. Standaert, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The clinical course and laboratory valuation of 21 patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Ehrlichia chaffeensis or Ehrlichia ewingii are reviewed and summarized, including 13 cases of ehrlichiosis caused by E. chaffeensis, 4 caused by E. ewingii, and 4 caused by either E. chaffeensis or E. ewingii. Twenty patients were male, and the median CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count was 137 cells/μL. Exposures to infecting ticks were linked to recreational pursuits, occupations, and peridomestic activities. For 8 patients, a diagnosis of ehrlichiosis was not considered until ≥4 days after presentation. Severe manifestations occurred more frequently …

Prospective Assesment Of The Etiology Of Acute Febrile Illness After A Tick Bite In Slovenia, Stanka Lotric-Furlan, Miroslav Petrovec, Tatjana Avsic-Zupanc, William L. Nicholson, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs, Franc Strle

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A prospective study established the etiology of febrile illnesses in residents of Slovenia that occurred within 6 weeks after a tick bite. A combination of laboratory and clinical criteria identified 64 (49.2%) of 130 patients as having confirmed, probable, or possible cases of tickborne disease during 1995 and 1996. Of the 130 patients, 36 (27.7%) had laboratory evidence of tickborne encephalitis, all of whom had clinically confirmed disease. Evidence of infection with Borreliab urgdorfersie sensu lato was identified in 26 patients; 10 (7.7%) had confirmed Lyme borreliosis. Of 22 patients with evidence of Ehrlichiap hagocytophila infection, 4 (3.1%) had confirmed …

Analysis Of Risk Factors For Fatal Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Evidence For Superiority Of Tetracyclines For Therapy, Robert C. Holman, Christopher D. Paddock, Aaron T. Curns, John W. Krebs, Jennifer H. Mcquiston, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of fatal and nonfatal cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) were compared to identify risk factors for death caused by this disease. Confirmed and probable RMSF cases reported through US national surveillance for 1981- 1998 were analyzed. Among 6388 RMSF patients, 213 died (annual case-fatality rate, 3M; range, 4.9 % in 1982 to 1.1 % in 1996). Use of tetracycline-class antibiotics for treatment of RMSF increased significantly in the 1990s, compared with use in the 1980s. Older patients, patients treated with chloramphenicol only, patients for whom tetracycline antibiotics were not the primary therapy, and patients …

Prp-C And Prp-Sc At The Fetal-Maternal Interface, Wenbin Tuo, Dongyue Zhuang, Donald P. Knowles, William P. Cheevers, Man-Sun Sy, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Scrapie is a naturally occurring prion (PrP) disease causing a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in sheep and goats. Previous studies suggest that scrapie is transmitted naturally through exposure to the scrapie agent in wasted placentas of infected ewes. This study determined the distribution and biochemical properties of PrP cellular (PrP-C) and the distribution of PrP scrapie (PrP-Sc) in reproductive, placental, and selected fetal tissues and fetal fluids in sheep. Glycosylated, N-terminally truncated, proteinase K-sensitive PrP-C with apparent molecular masses of 23–37 kDa was present in reproductive, placental, and fetal tissues and fetal fluids. PrP-C was low or undetectable in intercotyledonary chorioallantois, …

Immunohistochemical Detection Of Scrapie Prion Proteins In Clinically Normal Sheep In Pennsylvania, Hyun Kim, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Mark Walter, H. Graham Purchase, John Enck, Tae Kyun Shin

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Following diagnosis of scrapie in a clinically suspect Suffolk sheep, 7 clinically normal flockmates were purchased by the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture to determine their scrapie status using an immunohistochemical procedure. Two of the 7 euthanized healthy sheep had positive immunohistochemical staining of the prion protein of scrapie (PrP-Sc) in their brains, nictitating membranes, and tonsils. The PrP-Sc was localized in the areas of the brain where, histopathologically, there was neurodegeneration and astrocytosis. The PrP-Sc occurred within germinal centers of the affected nictitating membranes and tonsils and was located in the cytoplasm of the dendrite-like cells, lymphoid cells, and macrophages. …

Preliminary Findings On The Experimental Transmission Of Chronic Wasting Disease Agent Of Mule Deer To Cattle, Amir N. Hamir, Randall C. Cutlip, Janice M. Miller, Elizabeth S. Williams, Mick J. Stack, Michael W. Miller, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Melanie J. Chaplin

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

To determine the transmissibility of chronic wasting disease (CWD) to cattle and to provide information about clinical course, lesions, and suitability of currently used diagnostic procedures for detection of CWD in cattle, 13 calves were inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from mule deer naturally affected with CWD. Between 24 and 27 months postinoculation, 3 animals became recumbent and were euthanized. Gross necropsies revealed emaciation in 2 animals and a large pulmonary abscess in the third. Brains were examined for protease-resistant prion protein (PrP^res) by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting and for scrapie-associated fibrils (SAFs) by negative-stain electron microscopy. Microscopic …

Arbovirus Infection Increases With Group Size, Charles R. Brown, Nicholas Komar, Sunita B. Quick, Rajni A. Sethi, Nicholas A. Panella, Mary Bromberger Brown, Martin Pfeffer

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Buggy Creek (BCR) virus is an arthropod-borne alphavirus that is naturally transmitted to its vertebrate host the cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) by an invertebrate vector, namely the cimicid swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius). We examined how the prevalence of the virus varied with the group size of both its vector and host. The study was conducted in southwestern Nebraska where cliff swallows breed in colonies ranging from one to 3700 nests and the bug populations at a site vary directly with the cliff swallow colony size. The percentage of cliff swallow nests containing bugs infected with BCR …

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: 2001 Annual Report, John A. Schmitz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

Twenty Departmental students completed their Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Science degrees in 2001, nineteen in the Veterinary Science Major and one in the Veterinary Technologist Major. Twenty-five Nebraska residents were admitted into the College of Veterinary Medicine at Kansas State University, twelve of them having completed all or part of their pre-veterinary studies at UNL. Seven students completed their Master of Science degree in Veterinary Science. Enrollment in the Distance Education MS in Veterinary Science Master of Science, Distance Education Program increased to seven students, with several applications still being processed or expected. Three new Distance Education courses were …

Borrelia Lonestari Infection After A Bite By An Amblyomma Americanum Tick, Angela M. James, Dionysios Liveris, Gary P. Wormser, Ira Schwartz, Marisa A. Montecalvo, Barbara J. B. Johnson

United States Public Health Resources

Erythematous rashes that are suggestive of early Lyme disease have been associated with the bite of Amblyomma americanum ticks, particularly in the southern United States. However, Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has not been cultured from skin biopsy specimens from these patients, and diagnostic serum antibodies usually have not been found. Borrelia lonestari sp nov, an uncultured spirochete, has been detected in A. americanum ticks by DNA amplification techniques, but its role in human illness is unknown. We observed erythema migrans in a patient with an attached A. americanum tick. DNA amplification of the flagellin gene …

Interventions To Reduce Hiv/Aids Stigma: What Have We Learned?, Lisanne Brown, Lea Trujillo, Kate Macintyre

HIV and AIDS

Stigma is a common human reaction to disease. Throughout history many diseases have carried considerable stigma, including leprosy, tuberculosis, cancer, mental illness, and many sexually transmitted diseases. HIV/AIDS is only the latest disease to be stigmatized. This paper reviews 21 interventions that have explicitly attempted to decrease AIDS stigma both in the developed and developing countries and 9 studies that aim to decrease stigma related with other diseases. The studies selected met stringent evaluation criteria in order to draw common lessons for future development of interventions to combat stigma. This paper assesses published and reported studies through comparison of audiences, …

The Case For Microbicides: A Global Priority, Kathy Attawell

HIV and AIDS

The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to spread, undermining development, reversing health gains, and exacerbating poverty. It will be some time before a vaccine is available and accessible, thus there is an urgent need to identify additional prevention options, in particular a method that women control, which could save millions of lives. This report from the Population Council and International Family Health presents the case for microbicides—products used vaginally to prevent infection from HIV and other STIs in women and their sexual partners—and discusses recent progress and developments, outstanding challenges, and the action required to ensure that products will be made available …

Re-Thinking The Summer Drenching Program, Brown Besier

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The summer drenching program has provided highly effective sheep worm control in Western Australia for many years - but recent research challenges its long term sustainability.

Trial results suggest that in large parts of the State, summer drenching is the main factor leading to the development of drench resistant worms. Alternative programs less likely to lead to drench resistance will require greater monitoring of worm burdens and panning pasture moves.

An Analysis Of Anemia And Child Mortality, B.J. Brabin, Zul Premji, F. Verhoeff

Pathology, East Africa

The relationship of anemia as a risk factor for child mortality was analyzed by using cross-sectional, longitudinal and case-control studies, and randomized trials. Five methods of estimation were adopted: 1) the proportion of child deaths attributable to anemia; 2) the proportion of anemic children who die in hospital studies; 3) the population-attributable risk of child mortality due to anemia; 4) survival analyses of mortality in anemic children; and 5) cause-specific anemia-related child mortality. Most of the data available were hospital based. For children aged 0-5 y the percentage of deaths due to anemia was comparable for reports from highly malarious …

A Report On Nurses' Response To Occupational Injuries And Exposures To Hazards In A Californian Community Hospital, Sandra Kilminster-Binder

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This study set out to determine the reasons for underreporting of occupational injuries and exposures in the American health care environment. A cross sectional survey was used to report the responses and opinions of nurses who failed to report all occupational injuries and exposures, and the type of injuries that are least likely to be reported. The participants were a random sample of Registered Nurses employed in a California Health Care Center, who responded to a simple self-reporting questionnaire. The study revealed that the majority of occupational injuries, accidents and exposures by this group in the previous twelve month period …

The Surveillance Of T-Lymphocytes In The Human Blood Stream, Ivan Temesvari

Masters Theses

T-Lymphocytes (T-cells), one of the many different lymphocytes, are the precursors of disease detection. Their primary purpose is to maintain a healthy immune system. They use the blood vasculature (blood stream) and lymphatic system to circulate throughout the body. Study of a T-cells journey throughout the human blood stream is useful to understand how they can detect disease, such as cancer, in an efficient and effective manner. T-cells are to be thought of as the good cells in our body searching to destroy the bad cells (cancer/infectious cells). The thymus lies in the anterior mediastinum, which is directly behind the …

Synapsis: Philadelphia Campus (2001), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

All Yearbooks

This yearbook includes A Capella, American Holistic Medical Association, AHMA, American College Of Osteopathic Family Practitioners, ACOFP, Association Of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons, AMOPS, American Medical Association Medical Student Society, AMA-MSS, American Medical Women's Association, AMWA, Asian Pacific American Medical Student Association, APAMSA, Community of Italian American Osteopaths, CIAO, Christian Medical And Dental Society, CMDS, Emanuel Fliegelman, DO Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ob/Gyn, Daniel Wisely Surgery, Emergency Medicine, Ethics Committee, Follies, Founders' Day Follies, Geriatrics, Islamic Medical Association, IMA, Golf, Internal Medicine, Nutrition, Jewish Physicians Network, National Boricua Latino Health Organization, NBLHO, Physicians for Social Responsibility. PSR, Pathology, Public Health, …

A Review Of The Process Of Accessing Services For Children With Special Health Care Needs In North Dakota, Jana Schmidt

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

It has been a concern of the Family Advisory Council of Children's Special Health Services, Bismarck, North Dakota, that many families experienced difficulties when trying to access information for medical, financial, educational, and family services for their children with special health care needs. The family members on this advisory board found the process of accessing services confusing and time consuming, and indicated that families were also unclear as to where to begin the process. An abundance of information provided at the time of their child's diagnosis made it difficult for families to make informed decisions about the most important and …

Cannabinoids And The Immune System, Thomas W. Klein, Catherine A. Newton, Herman Friedman

Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

The effect of cannabimimetic agents on the function of immune cells such as T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells and macrophages has been extensively studied over the past several decades using human and animal paradigms involving whole animal models as well as tissue culture systems. From this work, it can be concluded that these drugs have subtle yet complex effects on immune cell function and that some of the drug activity is mediated by cannabinoid receptors expressed on the various immune cell subtypes. However, the overall role of the cannabinoid system of receptors and ligands in human health and …