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Workplace Standing Desks And Arterial Stiffness, Ian Greenlund

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Many jobs in today’s society require sitting at a desk with little physical activity. Individuals who engage in ten hours of sedentary behavior per day double their CVD risk. Standing desks are thought to decrease sedentary time and improve cardiovascular health. Acute use of standing desks is shown to lower PWV. However, chronic effects remain unknown. Forty eight participants qualified as seated (19 females, 5 males: age 41 ± 2 years, BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m²) or standing (21 females, 3 males: age 45 ± 2 years, BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m²) groups based on habitual …

Regulation Of Extra-Pituitary Prolactin In Monocytes And Macrophages, Richard Barrett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recently it has been shown that leukocytes are capable of producing prolactin (PRL). Evidence of extra-pituitary PRL (ePRL) production is so far been limited to primates and is not shared across other mammal species such as mice and rats. While ePRL is characterized as an identical protein to traditional pituitary PRL, it is controlled under an alternative promoter and is thus regulated differently from pituitary PRL. Little is known about what regulates ePRL or its direct role in human physiology, but given that PRL has well over 300 described functions, it is likely that the autocrine and paracrine effects of …

Correlating Residual Stress With Personal And Professional Characteristics In Aircraft Pilots, Erik Eckblad

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Every day aircraft pilots must successfully resolve significant inflight situations and then manage the possibility of residual psychological and physiological stress. Previous research has shown primary attention is given to presignificant event training and stress management, however there remains an important gap in the current literature regarding postsignificant event stress within the aviation profession. The purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to use the observational lens of stress theory and survey U.S. pilots who have experienced an inflight emergency, looking for correlation between factors such as age, gender, flight experience, and training against a pilot's self-reported level of residual …

Gastrointestinal Microbiota Modulate Antinociceptive Tolerance Development In Mice With Chronic Morphine Exposure, Ryan A. Mischel

Theses and Dissertations

In October 2017, the United States government declared a state of public health emergency in response to the burgeoning prescription opioid epidemic. Opioid analgesics are the gold standard of therapy for moderate to severe pain, but their clinical utility is greatly limited by analgesic tolerance – a primary driver of diminished pain control and opioid dose escalations. Integral in this process are primary afferent sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), the first-order components of nociceptive sensation. With surmounting evidence that morphine and other narcotics can alter gut microbial composition and promote bacterial translocation to other tissues, a question arises …

Effects Of The Na-Cl Co-Transporter (Ncc) In Western Diet Induced Metabolic And Cardiac Dysfunction, Zachary S. Cutter

Theses and Dissertations

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine known to be involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis; however, also capable of inducing cardiac dysfunction. Additionally, IL-18, has been shown to bind to a novel receptor, the Na-Cl Co-transporter (NCC). We hypothesized that NCC mediates IL-18 metabolic and cardiac signaling in mice. Using male C57BL/6J mice, we compared the metabolic and cardiac function changes after at least 8 weeks of high-saturated fat high sugar diet (Western Diet) in NCC knockout (NCCKO), IL-18 knockout (IL-18KO), and wild-type mice. We show that NCCKO mice have significantly increased body weight gain from baseline, no difference in fasting …

The Protective Effects Of Chrysin And Flunixin Meglumine Against Excess Copper In Male Rats, Pinar Tatli Seven, Burcu Gül Baykalir, İsmai̇l Seven, Tuba Parlak Ak, Neşe Başak Türkmen, Hakan Güllüoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Thirty-six Sprague Dawley male rats were housed in individual cages and randomly divided into six groups: control, copper sulfate (Cu; 500 ppm body weight (BW)/day), flunixin meglumine (FM; 2.2 ppm BW/day), chrysin (chrysin; 50 ppm BW/day), copper sulfate + FM (Cu + FM; 500 ppm BW/day of copper sulfate and 2.2 ppm BW/day of FM), and copper sulfate + chrysin (Cu + Chrysin; 500 ppm BW/day of copper sulfate and 50 ppm BW/day of chrysin). Feed intake (FI) in the Cu + Chrysin group significantly increased in comparison with that of the Cu group (P < 0.01). Cu excess significantly increased malondialdehyde, indicating oxidative stress. Chrysin and FM administration significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels and increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the liver and kidney tissues (P < 0.001). Serum TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the Cu + FM and Cu + Chrysin groups in comparison to the Cu group (P < 0.001). It was seen that FM and chrysin treatments alleviated degeneration, necrosis, and apoptosis in the liver and kidney tissues of the Cu-treated rats. Chrysin appeared to ameliorate the adverse effects on FI and liver and kidney tissues by scavenging where the free radicals are located and increasing the activity of antioxidants.

Faculty Publications 2017, Lsu Health Sciences Center New Orleans

Historical Faculty Publications

This Faculty bibliography contains 947 publications.

A Study Of Hormonal Effects In Cervical Smear Samples Using Raman Spectroscopy, D. Traynor, P. Kearney, I. Ramos, C. M. Martin, J. J. O'Leary, Fiona Lyng

Articles

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool that has the potential to be used as a screening method for cervical cancer. It is a label-free, low-cost method providing a biochemical fingerprint of a given sample. The objective of this study was to address patient-to-patient variability contributed by hormonal effects due to the menstrual cycle, the use of hormone-based contraceptives (HC) and the onset of menopause, and to determine if these changes would affect the ability to successfully identify dyskaryotic cells. Raman spectra were recorded from unstained ThinPrep cervical samples (45 cytology negative and 15 high-grade dyskaryosis (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, HSIL) …

Nurse Supervisors And Certified Nursing Assistants: Leadership Characteristics And Job Satisfaction, Jennifer Patterson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Significant costs are associated with the turnover rate of certified nursing assistants (CNAs) in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), and turnover impacts the quality of care for residents of the SNFs through disruption of care. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to identify the leadership characteristics of supervisors most associated with the job satisfaction (JS) of CNAs in SNFs. Herzberg's dual factor theory was used as the theoretical framework to explain the relationship between the leadership characteristics and the associated JS. The research question was used to examine the independent variables of trust, teamwork, supportive supervision, leader-follower relationships, and …

An Experimental Protocol To Model Recovery Of Anaerobic Work Capacity, Vijay Sarthy M. Sreedhara, Gregory M. Mocko, Randolph Hutchison

Health Sciences Publications

Models of fatigue are based on physiological parameters such as Critical Power (CP) and Anaerobic Work Capacity (AWC). CP is a theoretical threshold value that a human can generate for an indefinite amount of time and AWC represents a finite expendable amount of anaerobic energy at intensities above CP. There is an increasing interest in developing mathematical models of energy expenditure and recovery for athletic training and human performance. The objective of this research is to propose and validate a model for recovery of AWC during a post exertion recovery interval of cycling. A cycling …

Impact Of Biobanks On Research Outcomes In Rare Diseases：A Systematic Review, Monique Garcia

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Rare diseases (RDs) are a global priority yet are still under researched. When combined, RDs are common, with individual diseases numbering approximately 5,000-8,000, equating to approximately 7% of the population in Europe. Extrapolating this figure for Australia suggests that about 1.2 million people are affected by RDs, with about 400,000 of those being children. The WA Rare Diseases Strategic Framework 2015-2018, the first strategy for rare diseases in Australia, recognises that in order to alleviate the significant burden of rare diseases, innovative translational tools that facilitate research into new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies should be given priority.

Registries facilitate clinical, …

Debriefing With Reflection: Best Practice For Learning In Simulation In Pre-Licensure Nursing Education, Mary Mcdermott

Seton Hall University DNP Final Projects

Purpose: The purpose of this project was intended to transform the outdated method of conducting debrief after simulation by implementing a good judgment model and integrating the concept of “advocacy-inquiry.” This implementation was expected to reduce demoralizing and anxiety producing debrief experiences and improve student reflection and learning in order for students to more deliberately link theory with practice.

Significance: The debrief is often recognized as the component of simulation in which the most effective learning occurs. It is the time when students are provided opportunity to reflect on thoughts, actions and behaviors. Unfortunately, many nursing students often experience undue …

Metabolic Regulation Of Myocardial Adaptation To Exercise., Andrew Alan Gibb

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

While the benefits of exercise affect several organs, a significant adaptive response occurs within the heart. Exercise promotes cardiac growth, increases angiogenesis, and enhances cardiac function and these adaptations are associated with a cardioprotective phenotype. Additionally, extensive evidence shows that exercise dynamically regulates myocardial metabolism. This can be attributed to both changes in hormonal stimulation, increases in bioenergetic demand, and the bioavailability of circulating substrates. However, it is unclear whether these changes in metabolism contribute to physiologic cardiac growth. We reason that exercise-induced changes in metabolism are required to balance the catabolic and anabolic reactions needed for growth. Specifically, we …

Effects Of Natural Nutritional Beverages On Anaerobic Exercise Performance, Clare Margaret Zamzow

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Dietary nitrate (NO₃-) can serve as a substrate for the important signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO). Recent studies suggest that NO₃- beet juice could be beneficial during anaerobic (i.e. short duration, high power) exercise, though this area has received much less attention than beet juice’s effects during aerobic exercise. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if acute dietary NO₃- supplementation, in the form of beet juice, could improve measures of anaerobic power in trained, healthy men during a primarily anaerobic bout of exercise. A secondary purpose was to investigate if …

Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species In Lipotoxic Hearts Induces Post-Translational Modifications Of Akap121, Drp1 And Opa1 That Promote Mitochondrial Fission, Kensuke Tsushima, Heiko Bugger, Adam R. Wende, Jamie Soto, Gregory A. Jenson, Austin R. Tor, Rose Mcglauflin, Helena C. Kenny, Yuan Zhang, Rhonda Souvenir, Xiao X. Hu, Crystal L. Sloan, Renata O. Pereira, Vitor A. Lira, Kenneth W. Spitzer, Terry L. Sharp, Kooresh I. Shoghi, Genevieve C. Sparagna, Eva A. Rog-Zielinska, Peter Kohl, Oleh Khalimonchuk, Jean E. Schaffer, E. Dale Abel

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Rationale: Cardiac lipotoxicity, characterized by increased uptake, oxidation and accumulation of lipid intermediates, contributes to cardiac dysfunction in obesity and diabetes. However, mechanisms linking lipid overload and mitochondrial dysfunction are incompletely understood.

Objective: To elucidate the mechanisms for mitochondrial adaptations to lipid overload in postnatal hearts in vivo.

Methods and Results: Using a transgenic mouse model of cardiac lipotoxicity overexpressing long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 in cardiomyocytes, we show that modestly increased myocardial fatty acid uptake leads to mitochondrial structural remodeling with significant reduction in minimum diameter. This is associated with increased palmitoyl-carnitine oxidation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation …

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Fall 2017

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Maximal Swim Distance, Time, And Heart Rate While Wearing Labor-Wear And A Personal Flotation Device, Reece Gendreau

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a correlation between heart rate and swim distance or swim. The ultimate goal was to determine how long or how far a person could swim while wearing labor-wear and a personal flotation device. Additional parameters of age, and ending oxygen saturation were taken to determine if age or O2 saturation could be factors that would be a limitation of swim time or distance. The following questions were answered: “Will there be a significant difference between males and females in any observed measurement?”, “Will there be a correlation between heart …

Computational Modeling For Abnormal Brain Tissue Segmentation, Brain Tumor Tracking, And Grading, Syed Mohammad Shamin Reza

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation proposes novel texture feature-based computational models for quantitative analysis of abnormal tissues in two neurological disorders: brain tumor and stroke. Brain tumors are the cells with uncontrolled growth in the brain tissues and one of the major causes of death due to cancer. On the other hand, brain strokes occur due to the sudden interruption of the blood supply which damages the normal brain tissues and frequently causes death or persistent disability. Clinical management of these brain tumors and stroke lesions critically depends on robust quantitative analysis using different imaging modalities including Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Digital Pathology …

Managing Risk To The Patient: Recoding Quality Risk Management For The Pharmaceutical And Biopharmaceutical Industries, Kelly Waldron

Doctoral

This thesis explores the application of quality risk management (QRM) in pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies and its effectiveness at managing risk to the patient. The objective of the research described in this thesis was to characterize a maturity state of QRM implementation in which the patient is adequately protected from the risks associated with medicinal products of inadequate quality. The research was conducted over three phases: first, to determine whether patients are better protected since the publication of ICH Q9, a commonly employed guidance on the application of QRM; second, to characterize the industry with regard to QRM maturity, including …

In Vivo Evaluation Of Antipyretic Effects Of Homoeopathic Ultrahigh Dilutions Of Typhoidinum On Baker's Yeast-Induced Fever In Comparison With Paracetamol, Saeed Ahmad, Tayyeba Rehman, Waheed Ababsi

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Introduction: Homoeopathy is a widely used, controversial alternative system of medicine. It is assumed that homoeopathic medicines are slower in action and does not work in acute conditions such as ‘fever’. The study aims to estimate the effectiveness of some homoeopathic remedies in fever and to compare their effects with Paracetamol. Materials and Methods: Baker's yeast fever model of rabbits was used in the study. Rabbits were divided into four different groups (n = 6). Rectal temperature was measured before and after fever induction hourly. After fever induction, medicines were administered orally. Paracetamol and Typhoidinum in 200C and 1M potencies …

Intracranial Eeg Fluctuates Over Months After Implanting Electrodes In Human Brain., Hoameng Ung, Steven N. Baldassano, Hank Bink, Abba M. Krieger, Shawniqua Williams, Flavia Vitale, Chengyuan Wu, Dean Freestone, Ewan Nurse, Kent Leyde, Kathryn A. Davis, Mark Cook, Brian Litt

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: Implanting subdural and penetrating electrodes in the brain causes acute trauma and inflammation that affect intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) recordings. This behavior and its potential impact on clinical decision-making and algorithms for implanted devices have not been assessed in detail. In this study we aim to characterize the temporal and spatial variability of continuous, prolonged human iEEG recordings.

APPROACH: Intracranial electroencephalography from 15 patients with drug-refractory epilepsy, each implanted with 16 subdural electrodes and continuously monitored for an average of 18 months, was included in this study. Time and spectral domain features were computed each day for each channel for …

Meta-Regression: Prognostic Models As Objective Predictors Of Mortality Among Icu Cancer Patients, Sheila Donnell

Nursing Theses and Dissertations

Cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) may be experiencing complications of disease or treatment-related effects. While acute complications related to disease and/or its therapeutic management vary in severity, the approach to ICU-centered care is complicated by actual versus perceived risks of poor outcomes. Prognostic models that inform clinical judgment of nurses and physicians may prove helpful in this population. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) are ICU-based models predicting 30-day mortality among the general ICU population. Although studies have been …

Body Size Predicts Cardiac And Vascular Resistance Effects On Men's And Women's Blood Pressure, Joyce M. Evans, Siqi Wang, Christopher Greb, Vladimir Kostas, Charles F. Knapp, Qingguang Zhang, Eric S. Roemmele, Michael B. Stenger, David C. Randall

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Key Points Summary

• We report how blood pressure, cardiac output and vascular resistance are related to height, weight, body surface area (BSA), and body mass index (BMI) in healthy young adults at supine rest and standing.
• Much inter-subject variability in young adult's blood pressure, currently attributed to health status, may actually result from inter-individual body size differences.
• Each cardiovascular variable is linearly related to height, weight and/or BSA (more than to BMI).
• When supine, cardiac output is positively related, while vascular resistance is negatively related, to body size. Upon standing, the change in vascular resistance is positively related to size. …

An Examination Of The Workloads And The Effectiveness Of An Athlete Monitoring Program In Ncaa Division I Men's Soccer, Matthew L. Sams

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this dissertation were to examine common athlete training and monitoring practices in men’s collegiate soccer and to report the programming strategies and monitoring outcomes for an NCAA Division I men’s collegiate soccer team whose coaching and sport science staff collaborated on a daily basis. The following are the major findings of the dissertation:

Study 1 – Coaches from all divisions of play responded to a custom survey. A majority of coaches developed an in-season training plan that varied both daily and weekly volume and intensity. One-third of the coaches performed no athlete monitoring, and a number of …

Oncology Section Edge Task Force On Urogenital Cancer Outcomes: Clinical Measures Of Lymphedema—A Systematic Review, Joy C. Cohn, Hannah Geyer, Jeannette Lee, Mary Insana Fisher

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Valid and reliable tools to assess lymphedema are necessary to accurately evaluate status and to objectively document and measure the results of interventions. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each measure can inform the clinician's choice of the appropriate tool to be used in the clinic or research setting.

Purpose: To identify reliable and valid measurement techniques that are sensitive to change for assessing edema volume or soft tissue change in the lower extremities or genital region of patients with lymphedema.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to assess the published psychometric properties and clinical feasibility …

College Of Pharmacy And Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University

Jackrabbits Script and Scope (Formerly called College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions Magazine)

[Page] 2 Thomas Gajewski : University of Chicago immunology researcher shares treatment’s progress in the fight against cancer at Francis Miller Lecture. [Page] 4 Endowed positions: The college will soon have three endowed posts on its faculty. Two are in the area of cancer. The other is in community pharmacy. All are considered transformational.
[Page] 6 White Coat: A familiar face, Dave Helgeland, one of the class’s professors, delivered a message on expectations to this year’s group of P1 students.
[Page] 8 Spring convocation: The 2015 Independent Pharmacist of Year visits to teach about enhanced value to payers.
[Page] 10 …

Perspectives Volume 5: Number 2, Summer-Fall 2017, College Of Health Care Sciences

Perspectives

No abstract provided.

Metabolite Profiling Of Infection-Associated Metabolic Markers Of Onchocerciasis., Sasisekhar Bennuru, Sara Lustigman, David Abraham, Thomas B. Nutman

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

The global efforts for onchocerciasis elimination may require additional tools (safe micro and macrofilaricidal drugs, vaccines and biomarkers) as elimination efforts move toward the "end game". Efforts toward the identification of suitable biomarkers have focused on specific protein(s) and/or nucleic acids, but metabolites present an alternative option as they have limited half-lives and are the result of combinatorial effects. In comparison to previously used methodology of LC-MS for metabolomic approaches, we used a non-targeted capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS) to analyze the serum metabolic profiles of Ov-infected and -uninfected individuals (n=20). We identified 286 known metabolites (167 in the …

Phytochemical Analysis And Evaluation Of Antioxidant Potential Of Ethanol Extract Of Allium Cepa And Ultra-High Homoeopathic Dilutions Available In The Market: A Comparative Study, Ekta Arora, Vibha Sharma, Anil Khurana, Ananya Manchanda, Dilsheen Sahani, Sijo Abraham, Deepa Kundu, Himani Gupta, Lunthanglien Chiru

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Introduction: As per statistics available with the WHO, 80% of the earth's population rely on traditional medicine for their primary health-care needs and most of this therapy involves the use of plant extracts and their active components. Objectives: To confirm the presence of alkaloids, fats, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, sugars, amino acids and saponins in Allium cepa extract. Method: A qualitative phytochemical analysis has been performed to confirm the presence of these components in Allium cepa extract and its homoeopathic formulations (mother tincture [MT], Allium cepa 30C and Allium cepa 200C). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of …

Hemodynamic And Metabolic Responses During Self-Paced And Ramp Graded Exercise Testing Treadmill Protocols, Nicholas Mark Beltz

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Purpose: To investigate: 1) if a self-paced (SP) graded exercise testing protocol elicits similar and reliable maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) responses compared to a ramp (RAMP) treadmill protocol; 2) the impact of SP on cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), and arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO_2diff); and 3) the metabolic response during SP through blood lactate (BLa^-) accumulation and ventilatory threshold (VT) attainment. Methods: Sixteen recreationally trained men (23.7±3.0 yrs) completed two separate treadmill graded exercise testing protocols. SP consisted of five 2-min stages (10 min total) of increasing speed based on the Borg …