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Medicine and Health Sciences

Selected Works

2015

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Articles 2071 - 2081 of 2081

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Environmental Influences On Preschoolers Physical Activity Levels In Various Early Learning Facilities, Leigh M. Vanderloo Phd, Patricia Tucker Phd, Andrew M. Johnson Phd, Shauna M. Burke Phd, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd Dec 2014

Environmental Influences On Preschoolers Physical Activity Levels In Various Early Learning Facilities, Leigh M. Vanderloo Phd, Patricia Tucker Phd, Andrew M. Johnson Phd, Shauna M. Burke Phd, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd

Jennifer D. Irwin

No abstract provided.

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Prevalence And Influences Of Preschoolers’ Sedentary Behaviors In Early Learning Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study, Patricia Tucker Phd, Leigh M. Vanderloo Phd, Shauna M. Burke Phd, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd, Andrew M. Johnson Phd Dec 2014

Prevalence And Influences Of Preschoolers’ Sedentary Behaviors In Early Learning Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study, Patricia Tucker Phd, Leigh M. Vanderloo Phd, Shauna M. Burke Phd, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd, Andrew M. Johnson Phd

Jennifer D. Irwin

Background: Recent research has highlighted the need for increased evidence regarding the sedentary activity levels of preschoolers. Given the large proportion of time this population spends in various early learning facilities, the exploration of sedentary behaviors within this particular environment should be a priority. The purpose of the study was two-fold: (1) to compare sedentary time of preschoolers in three different early learning environments (i.e., full-day kindergarten [FDK], center-, and home-based childcare); and (2) to assess which characteristics (i.e., staff behaviors, sedentary environment, fixed play environment, portable play environment, sedentary opportunities) of these early learning environments influence preschoolers’ sedentary time. …

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Invigorating Oral Health Care Using Motivational Interviewing In Clinical Practice, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd, Clive S. Friedman, Don Morrow Phd Dec 2014

Invigorating Oral Health Care Using Motivational Interviewing In Clinical Practice, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd, Clive S. Friedman, Don Morrow Phd

Jennifer D. Irwin

No abstract provided.

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Nursing Student Adaptation During A Semester Abroad, Karen R. Breitkreuz Dec 2014

Nursing Student Adaptation During A Semester Abroad, Karen R. Breitkreuz

Karen R. Breitkreuz

This study was completed to understand correlations between undergraduate nursing students’ initial readiness for cross-cultural experience in study abroad and final levels of socio-cultural adaptation. Deardorff (2006) suggests that attitudes, values, knowledge, and skills are essential factors leading to effective function in a new culture. Her Developmental Model of Intercultural Competence was the guiding framework for this research study. Two groups of American nursing students traveling to South Africa and Puerto Rico for a semester were invited to participate. Students completed the Global Competence Aptitude Assessment prior to departure and the Socio-cultural Adaptation Scale at week four and upon return …

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The Effect Of Motivational Interviewing On Oral Healthcare Knowledge, Attitudes And Behaviour Of Parents And Caregivers Of Preschool Children: An Exploratory Cluster Randomised Controlled Study, Rahul Naidu, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd Dec 2014

The Effect Of Motivational Interviewing On Oral Healthcare Knowledge, Attitudes And Behaviour Of Parents And Caregivers Of Preschool Children: An Exploratory Cluster Randomised Controlled Study, Rahul Naidu, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd

Jennifer D. Irwin

Background: Motivational Interviewing (MI) has been used across primary healthcare and been shown to be effective in reducing the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children. This study aimed to compare the effect of MI, in contrast to traditional dental health education (DHE), on oral health knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours among parents and caregivers of preschool children in Trinidad.
Method: The design of this exploratory study included a cluster randomised controlled trial and semi-structured focus groups. Six preschools (79 parents and caregivers) in Eastern Trinidad were randomly assigned to a test or control group (3 preschools in …

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Health Behaviour Outcomes Of Co-Active Coaching Interventions: A Scoping Review, Rebecca H. Liu Phd, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd, Don Morrow Phd Dec 2014

Health Behaviour Outcomes Of Co-Active Coaching Interventions: A Scoping Review, Rebecca H. Liu Phd, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd, Don Morrow Phd

Jennifer D. Irwin

The purpose of this paper was to conduct a scoping review on Co-Active (Life) Coaching (CALC) literature related to health behaviour change. The scoping methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) informed the retrieval of appropriate articles. Six questions provided an in- depth exploration of CALC in the health coaching literature. This paper provides a broad overview of the current status of CALC literature in the area and underscores its utility to help facilitate health behaviour- related outcomes. The CALC approach offers a promising intervention for a variety of health conditions. Future larger-scale studies with increased experimental rigor are …

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Temperament And Objectively Measured Physical Activity And Sedentary Time Among Canadian Preschoolers, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd, Andrew M. Johnson Phd, Leigh M. Vanderloo Phd, Shauna M. Burke Phd, Patricia Tucker Phd Dec 2014

Temperament And Objectively Measured Physical Activity And Sedentary Time Among Canadian Preschoolers, Jennifer D. Irwin Phd, Andrew M. Johnson Phd, Leigh M. Vanderloo Phd, Shauna M. Burke Phd, Patricia Tucker Phd

Jennifer D. Irwin

This study sought to assess the influence of preschoolers' temperament on their objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time. ActicalTM accelerometers were used to measure preschoolers' from London, Canada's (n = 216; 2.5–5 years) physical activity and sedentary levels during childcare hours (5 consecutive days; 15 s epoch). The Child Temperament Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess child temperament via parent/guardian report. The six subscales of the CTQ (i.e., reaction to food, soothability, attention span, activity, sociability, and emotionality) were correlated with Actical data (i.e., sedentary time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and total physical activity). The five items of the activity …

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Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mononuclear Cells Improve Murine Ventricular Function Upon Intramyocardial Delivery In Right Ventricular Chronic Pressure Overload, Saji Oommen, Satsuki Yamada, Susana Cantero Peral, Katherine A. Campbell, Elizabeth S. Bruinsma, Andre Terzic, Timothy J. Nelson Dec 2014

Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mononuclear Cells Improve Murine Ventricular Function Upon Intramyocardial Delivery In Right Ventricular Chronic Pressure Overload, Saji Oommen, Satsuki Yamada, Susana Cantero Peral, Katherine A. Campbell, Elizabeth S. Bruinsma, Andre Terzic, Timothy J. Nelson

Katherine Campbell, PhD

No abstract provided.

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Ease Of Articulation: A Replication, Linda Shuster, Claire Cottrill Dec 2014

Ease Of Articulation: A Replication, Linda Shuster, Claire Cottrill

Linda Shuster

Researchers, as well as the lay public and the popular press, have become increasingly concerned about the lack of reproducibility of research findings. Despite this concern, research has shown that replications of previously published work comprise a very small proportion of published studies. Moreover, there are fewer published direct replications of research studies by independent investigators, and this type of replication is much less likely to confirm the results of the original research than are replications by the original investigator or conceptual replications. A search of the communication disorders research literature reveals that direct replications by independent investigators are virtually …

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Do Mixed Infections Matter? Assessing Virulence Of Mixed-Clone Infections In Experimental Human And Murine Malaria, Andrew A. Lover, Richard Coker Dec 2014

Do Mixed Infections Matter? Assessing Virulence Of Mixed-Clone Infections In Experimental Human And Murine Malaria, Andrew A. Lover, Richard Coker

Andrew Lover

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Background: Malaria parasites within an individual infection often consist of multiple strains (clonal populations) of a single species, which have the potential to interact both with one another, and with the host immune system. Several effects of these interactions have been measured in different parasite systems including competition and mutualism; however, direct observation of these effects in human malaria has been limited by sampling complexities and inherent ethical limitations.
Methods: Using multiple complementary epidemiological models, we propose a suite of analyses to more fully utilize …

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The Impact Of Hiv-Related Stigma On Older And Younger Adults Living With Hiv Disease: Does Age Matter?, Charles A. Emlet, David J. Brennan, Sarah Brennenstuhl, Sergio Rueda, Trevor A. Hart, Sean B. Rourke Dec 2014

The Impact Of Hiv-Related Stigma On Older And Younger Adults Living With Hiv Disease: Does Age Matter?, Charles A. Emlet, David J. Brennan, Sarah Brennenstuhl, Sergio Rueda, Trevor A. Hart, Sean B. Rourke

Charles Emlet

The purpose of this study was to examine the independent influence of age on levels of HIV-related stigma experienced by adults living with HIV/AIDS.

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