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Chronic Behavioral And Cognitive Deficits In A Rat Survival Model Of Paraoxon Toxicity, Laxmikant Sudhir Deshpande, Kristin Phillips, Beverly Huang, Robert J. Delorenzo

Neurology Publications

Organophosphate (OP) compounds, including paraoxon (POX), are similar to nerve agents such as sarin. There is a growing concern that OP agents could be weaponized to cause mass civilian causalities. We have developed a rodent survival model of POX toxicity that is being used to evaluate chronic morbidity and to screen for medical countermeasures against severe OP exposure. It is well known that the survivors of nerve gas and chronic OP exposure exhibit neurobehavioral deficits such as mood changes, depression, and memory impairments. In this study we investigated whether animals surviving severe POX exposure exhibited long-term neurological impairments. POX exposure …

Factitious Psychogenic Nonepileptic Paroxysmal Episodes, Alissa Romano, Saeed Alqahtani, James L. Griffith, Mohamad Z. Koubeissi

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Mistaking psychogenic nonepileptic paroxysmal episodes (PNEPEs) for epileptic seizures (ES) is potentially dangerous, and certain features should alert physicians to a possible PNEPE diagnosis. Psychogenic nonepileptic paroxysmal episodes due to factitious seizures carry particularly high risks of morbidity or mortality from nonindicated emergency treatment and, often, high costs in wasted medical treatment expenditures. We report a case of a 28-year-old man with PNEPEs that were misdiagnosed as ES. The patient had been on four antiseizure medications (ASMs) with therapeutic serum levels and had had multiple intubations in the past for uncontrolled episodes. He had no episodes for two days of …

Com Outlook Winter 2014, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

Medical Education Digest, Vol. 16 No. 1 (January/February 2014), Nova Southeastern University

Medical Education Digest

No abstract provided.

Gender Differences In Acute And Chronic Pain In The Emergency Department: Results Of The 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference Pain Section, P. I. Musey, S. D. Linnstaedt, T. F. Platts-Mills, J. R. Miner, A. V. Bortsov, D. C. Lee, C. S. Nam, R. G. Patel, R. B. Fillingim, S. A. Mclean, +12 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Pain is a leading public health problem in the United States, with an annual economic burden of more than $630 billion, and is one of the most common reasons that individuals seek emergency department (ED) care. There is a paucity of data regarding sex differences in the assessment and treatment of acute and chronic pain conditions in the ED. The Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference convened in Dallas, Texas, in May 2014 to develop a research agenda to address this issue among others related to sex differences in the ED. Prior to the conference, experts and stakeholders from emergency medicine …

Schizophrenia Relapse After Stopping Olanzapine Treatment During Pregnancy: A Case Report, P. Ifteni, M. A. Moga, V. Burtea, C. U. Correll

Journal Articles

Women with schizophrenia have a high risk for symptom exacerbation or relapse during pregnancy and thereafter. Relapses are more frequent when antipsychotics are discontinued. This paper describes the case of a 28-year old woman with schizophrenia who continued treatment with olanzapine during the first trimester. Olanzapine, a second-generation antipsychotic, was administered at a therapeutic dose from week 1 of gestation until week 13 when she reported the pregnancy to her psychiatrist. Despite the psychiatrist's recommendation to continue treatment, the patient stopped olanzapine at 20 weeks. She was hospitalized at week 36 for a schizophrenia relapse and was transferred to the …

Altered White Matter Microstructure Is Associated With Social Cognition And Psychotic Symptoms In 22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome, M. Jalbrzikowski, J. E. Villalon-Reina, K. H. Karlsgodt, D. Senturk, C. Chow, P. M. Thompson, C. E. Bearden

Journal Articles

22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is a highly penetrant genetic mutation associated with a significantly increased risk for psychosis. Aberrant neurodevelopment may lead to inappropriate neural circuit formation and cerebral dysconnectivity in 22q11DS, which may contribute to symptom development. Here we examined: (1) differences between 22q11DS participants and typically developing controls in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures within white matter tracts; (2) whether there is an altered age-related trajectory of white matter pathways in 22q11DS; and (3) relationships between DTI measures, social cognition task performance, and positive symptoms of psychosis in 22q11DS and typically developing controls. Sixty-four direction diffusion weighted imaging …

The Relation Between Diabetes Self-Efficacy And Psychological Distress Among Older Adults: Do Racial And Ethnic Differences Exist?, G. Kim, Ruth Shim, K. L. Ford, T. A. Baker

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: This study examined racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between diabetes self-efficacy and psychological distress among older adults with diabetes mellitus. METHOD: Adults aged 60 or older with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (N = 3,067) were drawn from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: After controlling for covariates, African Americans and those with higher levels of diabetes self-efficacy tended to have lower levels of psychological distress. Significant interactions were found in the Hispanic/Latino and Asian groups: The effect of diabetes self-efficacy on psychological distress was greater for Hispanics/Latinos and Asians than …

Molecular Genetic Evidence For Overlap Between General Cognitive Ability And Risk For Schizophrenia: A Report From The Cognitive Genomics Consortium (Cogent), T. Lencz, E. Knowles, G. Davies, S. Guha, D. C. Liewald, J. M. Starr, S. Djurovic, I. Melle, K. Sundet, A. Christoforou, I. Reinvang, S. Mukherjee, P. Derosse, A. Lundervold, V. M. Steen, M. John, T. Espeseth, K. Raikkonen, E. Widen, A. Palotie, J. G. Eriksson, I. Giegling, B. Konte, M. Ikeda, P. Roussos, S. Giakoumaki, K. E. Burdick, A. Payton, W. Ollier, M. Horan, G. Donohoe, D. Morris, A. Corvin, M. Gill, N. Pendleton, N. Iwata, A. Darvasi, P. Bitsios, D. Rujescu, J. Lahti, S. L. Hellard, M. C. Keller, O. A. Andreassen, I. J. Deary, D. C. Glahn, Anil Malhotra

Journal Articles

It has long been recognized that generalized deficits in cognitive ability represent a core component of schizophrenia (SCZ), evident before full illness onset and independent of medication. The possibility of genetic overlap between risk for SCZ and cognitive phenotypes has been suggested by the presence of cognitive deficits in first-degree relatives of patients with SCZ; however, until recently, molecular genetic approaches to test this overlap have been lacking. Within the last few years, large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of SCZ have demonstrated that a substantial proportion of the heritability of the disorder is explained by a polygenic component consisting of …

The Relationship Between Fasting Serum Glucose And Cerebral Glucose Metabolism In Late-Life Depression And Normal Aging, C. M. Marano, C. I. Workman, C. H. Lyman, E. Kramer, C. R. Hermann, Y. L. Ma, V. Dhawan, T. Chaly, D. Eidelberg, G. S. Smith

Journal Articles

Evidence exists for late-life depression (LLD) as both a prodrome of and risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Impaired peripheral glucose metabolism may explain the association between depression and AD given the connection between type 2 diabetes mellitus with both depression and AD. Positron emission tomography (PET) measures of cerebral glucose metabolism are sensitive to detecting changes in neural circuitry in LLD and AD. Fasting serum glucose (FSG) in non-diabetic young (YC; n=20) and elderly controls (EC; n=12) and LLD patients (n = 16) was correlated with PET scans of cerebral glucose metabolism …

Copy Number Variation In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder And Tourette Syndrome: A Cross-Disorder Study, L. M. Mcgrath, D. M. Yu, C. Marshall, L. K. Davis, B. Thiruvahindrapuram, B. B. Li, C. Cappi, R. D. Bruun, Cathy Budman, J. M. Scharf, +112 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) are heritable neurodevelopmental disorders with a partially shared genetic etiology. This study represents the first genome-wide investigation of large (>500 kb), rare (

Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci, S. Ripke, B. M. Neale, A. Corvin, J. T. R. Walters, K. H. Farh, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, Consortium Psychiat Genomics, Conso Psychosis Endophenotypes Int, Consor Wellcome Trust Case-Control, +292 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genetic risk is conferred by a large number of alleles, including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome-wide association studies. Here we report a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study of up to 36,989 cases and 113,075 controls. We identify 128 independent associations spanning 108 conservatively defined loci that meet genome-wide significance, 83 of which have not been previously reported. Associations were enriched among genes expressed in brain, providing biological plausibility for the findings. Many findings have the potential to provide entirely new insights into aetiology, but associations at DRD2 and …

Default Mode Network Connectivity And Reciprocal Social Behavior In 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, M. J. Schreiner, K. H. Karlsgodt, L. Q. Uddin, C. Chow, E. Congdon, M. Jalbrzikowski, C. E. Bearden

Journal Articles

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic mutation associated with disorders of cortical connectivity and social dysfunction. However, little is known about the functional connectivity (FC) of the resting brain in 22q11DS and its relationship with social behavior. A seed-based analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data was used to investigate FC associated with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), in (26) youth with 22qDS and (51) demographically matched controls. Subsequently, the relationship between PCC connectivity and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores was examined in 22q11DS participants. Relative to 22q11DS participants, controls showed significantly stronger FC between the PCC and …

Aggression In Schizophrenia And Its Relationship To Neural Circuitry Of Urgency, P. Szeszko

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Functional Development In Clinical High Risk Youth: Prediction Of Schizophrenia Versus Other Psychotic Disorders, S. I. Tarbox, J. Addington, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. Cornblatt, D. O. Perkins, L. J. Seidman, M. T. Tsuang, E. F. Walker, S. W. Woods, +2 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

This study evaluates premorbid social and academic functioning in clinical high-risk individuals as predictors of transition to schizophrenia versus another psychotic disorder. Participants were 54 individuals enrolled in phase one of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study who over two and a half years of follow-up met criteria for schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder (n=28) or another psychotic disorder (n=26). Social and academic functioning in childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence was assessed at baseline using the Cannon-Spoor Premorbid Adjustment Scale. Social maladjustment in late adolescence predicted significantly higher odds of transition to schizophrenia versus another psychotic disorder independent of childhood and early …

Stress Exposure And Sensitivity In The Clinical High-Risk Syndrome: Initial Findings From The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (Napls), H. D. Trotman, C. W. Holtzman, E. F. Walker, J. M. Addington, C. E. Bearden, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. Cornblatt, R. K. Heinssen, T. H. Mcglashan, +5 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

There is inconsistent evidence for increased stress exposure among individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Yet similar to patients with a diagnosed psychotic illness, the preponderance of evidence suggests that CHR individuals tend to experience stressful life events (LE) and daily hassles (DH) as more subjectively stressful than healthy individuals. The present study utilizes data from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Phase 2 (NAPLS-2) to test the hypotheses that (1) CHR individuals manifest higher self-reported stress in response to both LE and DH when compared to healthy controls (HC), (2) group differences in self-reported stress increase with …

Moderator Effects Of Working Memory On The Stability Of Adhd Symptoms By Dopamine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms During Development, J. Trampush, M. M. Jacobs, Y. L. Hurd, J. H. Newcorn, J. M. Halperin

Journal Articles

We tested the hypothesis that dopamine D1 and D2 receptor gene (DRD1 and DRD2, respectively) polymorphisms and the development of working memory skills can interact to influence symptom change over 10 years in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Specifically, we examined whether improvements in working memory maintenance and manipulation from childhood to early adulthood predicted the reduction of ADHD symptoms as a function of allelic variation in DRD1 and DRD2. Participants were 76 7-11-year-old children with ADHD who were genotyped and prospectively followed for almost 10 years. ADHD symptoms were rated using the Attention Problems scale on the Child Behavior …

Rdocs Redux, D. R. Weinberger, T. Goldberg

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Decomposing Decision Components In The Stop-Signal Task: A Model-Based Approach To Individual Differences In Inhibitory Control, C. N. White, E. Congdon, J. A. Mumford, K. H. Karlsgodt, F. W. Sabb, N. B. Freimer, E. D. London, T. D. Cannon, R. M. Bilder, R. A. Poldrack

Journal Articles

The stop-signal task, in which participants must inhibit prepotent responses, has been used to identify neural systems that vary with individual differences in inhibitory control. To explore how these differences relate to other aspects of decision making, a drift-diffusion model of simple decisions was fitted to stop-signal task data from go trials to extract measures of caution, motor execution time, and stimulus processing speed for each of 123 participants. These values were used to probe fMRI data to explore individual differences in neural activation. Faster processing of the go stimulus correlated with greater activation in the right frontal pole for …

Effect Of Pain Location And Duration On Life Function In The Year After Motor Vehicle Collision, A. V. Bortsov, T. F. Platts-Mills, D. A. Peak, J. S. Jones, R. A. Swor, D. C. Lee, N. K. Rathlev, P. L. Hendry, R. B. Fillingim, S. A. Mclean, +1 Additional Author

Journal Articles

Persistent musculoskeletal pain is common after motor vehicle collision (MVC) and often results in substantial disability. The objective of this study was to identify distributions of post-MVC pain that most interfere with specific life functions and that have the greatest interference with aggregate life function. Study data were obtained from a prospective longitudinal multicenter emergency department-based cohort of 948 European Americans experiencing MVC. Overall pain (0-10 numeric rating scale [NRS]), pain in each of 20 body regions (0-10 NRS), and pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory, 0-10 NRS) were assessed 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after MVC. After adjustment …

White Matter Involvement In Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain, G. Lieberman, M. Shpaner, R. Watts, T. Andrews, C. G. Filippi, M. Davis, M. R. Naylor

Journal Articles

There is emerging evidence that chronic musculoskeletal pain is associated with anatomic and functional abnormalities in gray matter. However, little research has investigated the relationship between chronic musculoskeletal pain and white matter. In this study, we used whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics and region-of-interest analyses of diffusion tensor imaging data to demonstrate that patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain exhibit several abnormal metrics of white matter integrity compared with healthy controls. Chronic musculoskeletal pain was associated with lower fractional anisotropy in the splenium of the corpus callosum and the left cingulum adjacent to the hippocampus. Patients also had higher radial diffusivity in …

Utility Of Neutrophil Fcgamma Receptor I (Cd64) Index As A Biomarker For Mucosal Inflammation In Pediatric Crohn's Disease, P. Minar, Y. Haberman, I. Jurickova, T. Wen, M. E. Rothenberg, M. O. Kim, S. A. Saeed, R. N. Baldassano, J. Markowitz, L. A. Denson, +9 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil expression of the Fcgamma receptor I (CD64) is upregulated in adult patients with clinically active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We tested the relationship of CD64 with mucosal inflammation and clinical relapse in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: In a cohort of 208 newly diagnosed CD and 43 non-IBD controls, ileal expression of FcgammaRI/S100A9 was determined by RNA sequencing from biopsies obtained at ileocolonoscopy. In a second cohort, we tested for the peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) CD64 index from 26 newly diagnosed CD, 30 non-IBD controls, and 83 children with established CD. RESULTS: Ileal FcgammaRIA mRNA expression was …

Brief Motivational Enhancement Intervention To Prevent Or Reduce Postpartum Alcohol Use: A Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial, D. M. Rubio, N. L. Day, J. Conigliaro, B. H. Hanusa, C. Larkby, M. Mcneil, E. Cohen, B. Jones, M. Watt-Morse, K. L. Kraemer, +2 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

AIMS: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of brief motivational enhancement intervention postpartum alcohol use. DESIGN: This study is a single-blinded, randomized controlled effectiveness trial in which pregnant women were assigned to receive usual care or up to 5 face-to-face brief motivational enhancement sessions lasting 10-30 minutes each and occurring at study enrollment, 4 and 8 weeks after enrollment, 32 weeks of gestation, and 6 weeks postpartum. SETTING: The setting is in a large, urban, obstetrics clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were women who were >/= 18 years old,gestation, and consumed alcohol during pregnancy. Of 3438 women screened, …

Factors Associated With Inconsistent Condom Use In Adolescents With Negative Or Unknown Hiv Status In Northwest Cameroon, L. Morris, F. Kouya, R. Kwalar, M. Pilapil, K. Saito, N. Palmer, R. Posada, P. M. Tih, T. Welty, J. Jao

Journal Articles

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between utilization of HIV testing and condom use amongst Cameroonian youths/adolescents who are not known to be HIV-infected. Worldwide, HIV is spreading most quickly amongst youths/adolescents. Between 44% and 82% of sexually active youths in Cameroon report inconsistent condom use. Data regarding utilization of HIV testing and condom use are lacking. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 431 youths ages 12-26 years in Cameroon from September 2011 to December 2011. Data on sociodemographics, sexual risk behaviors, self-reported HIV status, and condom use were collected. We compared rates of inconsistent condom …

Markers Of Inflammation In Schizophrenia: Association Vs. Causation, P. Manu, C. U. Correll, M. Wampers, A. J. Mitchell, M. Probst, D. Vancampfort, M. De Hert

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

The Lifelong Learning Institute In Chesterfield: Ten Years Of Growing, Edward F. Ansello, Monica Hughes

Case Studies from Age in Action

Educational Objectives

1. To review changes in patterns of continuing learning and non-traditional education.

2. To profile membership and their interests in lifelong learning.

3. To highlight the development of the Lifelong Learning Institute of Chesterfield as a possible model for replication.

The Importance Of Managing Psychosocial Health: A Case Study, Mary Insana Fisher, Harold L. Merriman

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Managing the physical aspects of lymphedema requires an individual to be committed to daily treatment of this chronic condition. Performing manual lymph drainage, using compression bandaging or compression garments, exercising, and caring for the skin all take time and a high level of dedication. This commitment to self-care can be emotionally and psychologically exhausting.

When coupled with other emotional stressors in a patient’s life, successful treatment of lymphedema is challenging. We present a case demonstrating how the physical and psychological aspects of care interplay, and, when well-managed, can positively affect the outcome.

Proposed Guidelines For The Diagnosis And Management Of Methylmalonic And Propionic Acidemia., Matthias R Baumgartner, Friederike Hörster, Carlo Dionisi-Vici, Goknur Haliloglu, Daniela Karall, Kimberly A. Chapman, +19 Additional Authors

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Methylmalonic and propionic acidemia (MMA/PA) are inborn errors of metabolism characterized by accumulation of propionic acid and/or methylmalonic acid due to deficiency of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) or propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). MMA has an estimated incidence of ~ 1: 50,000 and PA of ~ 1:100'000 -150,000. Patients present either shortly after birth with acute deterioration, metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia or later at any age with a more heterogeneous clinical picture, leading to early death or to severe neurological handicap in many survivors. Mental outcome tends to be worse in PA and late complications include chronic kidney disease almost exclusively in MMA …

Community Engagement As A Process And An Outcome Of Developing Culturally Grounded Health Communication Interventions: An Example From The Decide Project, Angela L. Palmer-Wackerly, Jessica Krok, Phokeng M. Dailey, Linda Kight, Janice L. Krieger

Department of Communication Studies: Faculty Publications

Community engagement is a process often used in developing effective health communication interventions, especially in traditionally underserved cultural contexts. While the potentially positive outcomes of community engagement are well established, the communication processes that result in engagement with cultural groups are less apparent. The focus on the outcomes of engagement at the expense of describing how engagement occurs makes it difficult for methods to be improved upon and replicated by future studies. The purpose of the current manuscript is to illustrate the process of achieving community engagement through the development of a culturally grounded health communication intervention. We offer practical …

Does The Direct Anterior Approach In Tha Offer Faster Rehabilitation And Comparable Safety To The Posterior Approach?, J. A. Rodriguez, A. J. Deshmukh, P. A. Rathod, M. L. Greiz, P. P. Deshmane, M. S. Hepinstall, A. S. Ranawat

Journal Articles

Newer surgical approaches to THA, such as the direct anterior approach, may influence a patient's time to recovery, but it is important to make sure that these approaches do not compromise reconstructive safety or accuracy. We compared the direct anterior approach and conventional posterior approach in terms of (1) recovery of hip function after primary THA, (2) general health outcomes, (3) operative time and surgical complications, and (4) accuracy of component placement. In this prospective, comparative, nonrandomized study of 120 patients (60 direct anterior THA, 60 posterior THAs), we assessed functional recovery using the VAS pain score, timed up and …