Digital Commons Network^™

Western Diet, But Not High Fat Diet, Causes Derangements Of Fatty Acid Metabolism And Contractile Dysfunction In The Heart Of Wistar Rats, Christopher R Wilson, Mai K Tran, Katrina L Salazar, Martin E Young, Heinrich Taegtmeyer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Obesity and diabetes are associated with increased fatty acid availability in excess of muscle fatty acid oxidation capacity. This mismatch is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac contractile dysfunction and also in the development of skeletal-muscle insulin resistance. We tested the hypothesis that 'Western' and high fat diets differentially cause maladaptation of cardiac- and skeletal-muscle fatty acid oxidation, resulting in cardiac contractile dysfunction. Wistar rats were fed on low fat, 'Western' or high fat (10, 45 or 60% calories from fat respectively) diet for acute (1 day to 1 week), short (4-8 weeks), intermediate (16-24 weeks) or long (32-48 weeks) …

Severe Anaphylactic Reaction At Induction Of Anaesthesia, Aliya Ahmed, Anand Kumar

Department of Anaesthesia

Anaphylaxis is an IgE mediated severe allergic reaction causing release of vasoactive substances from mast cells and basophils after re-exposure to an antigen. Signs and symptoms include flushing, urticaria, hypotension, tachycardia, bronchospasm, cardio-respiratory arrest etc. It can occur at induction of anaesthesia when multiple drugs are being administered, but prompt diagnosis with correct management is the key to a successful outcome. This case report describes a patient who developed severe bronchospasm with difficulty in inflating the lungs and dropping oxygen saturations, alongwith hypotension, tachycardia and widespread flushing, at induction of anaesthesia for elective breast surgery. She was promptly managed and …

Planning Initiative Award – 2006-2007 Access To Reproductive Health Services For Low-Ses Pregnant/Parenting Teens In Clark County: A Comprehensive Needs Assessment, Nevada Institute For Children's Research And Policy Reports, Jennifer Zipoy, Tara Swanson, Jean Henry, Denise Tanata, Uzma Farmanali,, Karen Silcott

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

The Planning Initiative Award (PIA) project was a collaborative effort between the Nevada Institute for Children’s Research and Policy (NICRP) and the Center for Health Promotion (CHP)/Department of Health Promotion, research centers in the School of Public Health. The purpose of the project was to conduct an assessment of the access to reproductive health services among lower SES pregnant and parenting teens in the Las Vegas Valley. The project was designed to identify gaps in existing services and assist researchers in developing communication networks between community members, providers, educators, and policymakers. The data collected during the project period has great …

Significance Of Caga Status And Vaca Subtypes Of Helicobacter Pylori In Determining Gastric Histopathology In Pakistan, Javed Yakoob, Shahab Abid, Z Abbas, Wasim Jafri, Z Ahmed, Muhammad Islam

Section of Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

Walking Age Does Not Explain Term Versus Preterm Difference In Bone Geometry, Haifa Abou Samra, Bonny Specker

Ethel Austin Martin Program Publications

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the relationship between bone geometry and onset of walking in former term and preterm children.
STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 128 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years who underwent peripheral quantitative computerized tomography measures of bone size at the distal tibia. Linear models were developed, stratifying by sex, to determine whether bone differences between children born term and preterm were caused by differences in walking age.
RESULTS: Children with a history of preterm birth walked later than children born at term (12.4 +/- 0.5 versus 10.9 +/- 0.2 months; P = .004); however, …

Com Outlook Summer 2007, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

Quality Of Weight Loss Advice On Internet Forums, Kevin O Hwang, Kiran Farheen, Craig W Johnson, Eric J Thomas, Ann S Barnes, Elmer V Bernstam

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Adults use the Internet for weight loss information, sometimes by participating in discussion forums. Our purpose was to analyze the quality of advice exchanged on these forums.

METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of messages posted to 18 Internet weight loss forums during 1 month in 2006. Advice was evaluated for congruence with clinical guidelines; potential for causing harm; and subsequent correction when it was contradictory to guidelines (erroneous) or potentially harmful. Message- and forum-specific characteristics were evaluated as predictors of advice quality and self-correction.

RESULTS: Of 3368 initial messages, 266 (7.9%) were requests for advice. Of 654 provisions …

Azithromycin In The Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant For The Prevention Of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Pilot Study, Hubert O. Ballard, Michael I. Anstead, Lori A. Shook

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Azithromycin reduces the severity of illness in patients with inflammatory lung disease such as cystic fibrosis and diffuse panbronchiolitis. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a pulmonary disorder which causes significant morbidity and mortality in premature infants. BPD is pathologically characterized by inflammation, fibrosis and impaired alveolar development. The purpose of this study was to obtain pilot data on the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic azithromycin in reducing the incidence and severity of BPD in an extremely low birth weight (< or = 1000 grams) population.

METHODS: Infants < or = 1000 g birth weight admitted to the University of Kentucky Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (level III, regional referral center) from 9/1/02-6/30/03 were eligible for this pilot study. The pilot study was double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled. Infants were randomized to treatment or placebo within 12 hours of beginning mechanical ventilation (IMV) and within 72 hours of birth. The treatment group received azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day for 7 days followed by 5 mg/kg/day for the duration of the study. Azithromycin or placebo was continued until the infant no longer required IMV or supplemental oxygen, to a maximum of 6 weeks. Primary endpoints were incidence of BPD as defined by oxygen requirement at 36 weeks gestation, post-natal steroid use, days of IMV, and mortality. Data was analyzed by intention to treat using Chi-square and ANOVA.

RESULTS: A total of 43 extremely premature infants were enrolled in this pilot study. Mean gestational age and …

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Summer 2007), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Summer 2007 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates and Kudos
• Going Global: Osteopathic Medicine Enriches Worldwide Health
• A PCOM Graduate Thinks Back to Acts of Kindness that Helped to Pull Him through the Most Difficult Time of His Life
• Retail Health Clinics: Competitors or Collaborators?
• Remembering Leonard Johnson, DO ’64, And William M. King, DO ’62
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn
• PCOM Events

Diet, Nutrition, Obesity And Their Role In Arthritis, Peter F. Sharkey, David L. Paskin, Thomas D. Meade, Richard H. Rothman

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Obesity and poor nutrition, individually and together, have created costly musculoskeletal disease epidemic in the United States. Processed food, with abundant "empty" calories, has contributed greatly to our dietary woes. Much of the food consumed today is packed with calories but refined to the point that essential nutrients are lacking. Even worse, processed food may have ingredients added that are detrimental to good health. Abundant research has documented a close relationship between obesity, poor diet and orthopaedic problems. Dietary supplements have been proven to provide both disease prevention and therapeutic benefits. Unfortunately, many weight loss programs and methods are ineffective …

Eight Key Household Practices Of Integrated Management Of Childhood Illnesses (Imci) Amongst Mothers Of Children Aged 6 To 59 Months In Gambat, Sindh, Pakistan, Ajmal Agha, Muhammad Younus, Muhammed Masood Kadir, Sajid Ali, Zafar Fatmi

Community Health Sciences

Objective:

To determine Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) regarding eight key integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) suggested practices and the association of these key practices with stunting as outcome.

Methods:

Sampling proportionate to sub-population sizes was employed to ensure representation from all the Union Councils of taluka Gambat-Sindh.

Results:

Low female education and mobility show the status of child's first care provider in a typical rural community. Few women knew about giving more food to a child suffering from diarrhoea. Moreover, very few exclusively breastfed their children for first 4-6 months, got their children completely immunized, washed hands before …

A Review Of The Association Between Congestive Heart Failure And Cognitive Impairment., Michael B. Cohen, Paul J. Mather

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Heart failure is a growing epidemic with an estimated 5 million Americans suffering from this condition. Several clinical trials have demonstrated a high correlation between congestive heart failure (CHF) and cognitive impairment. The severity of cognitive impairment correlates positively with the degree of CHF. The underlying mechanism for cognitive impairment remains unclear but appears to be related to cerebral hypoperfusion and impaired cerebral reactivity with selective impairment of verbal memory and attention domains. Furthermore, cognitive dysfunction represents one aspect of frailty, a novel concept that encompasses a range of clinical conditions that results in functional impairment in patients with heart …

The Modifier Of Min 2 (Mom2) Locus: Embryonic Lethality Of A Mutation In The Atp5a1 Gene Suggests A Novel Mechanism Of Polyp Suppression., Amy A Baran, Karen A Silverman, Joseph Zeskand, Revati Koratkar, Ashley Palmer, Kristen Mccullen, Walter J Curran, Tina Bocker Edmonston, Linda D Siracusa, Arthur M Buchberg

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Inactivation of the APC gene is considered the initiating event in human colorectal cancer. Modifier genes that influence the penetrance of mutations in tumor-suppressor genes hold great potential for preventing the development of cancer. The mechanism by which modifier genes alter adenoma incidence can be readily studied in mice that inherit mutations in the Apc gene. We identified a new modifier locus of ApcMin-induced intestinal tumorigenesis called Modifier of Min 2 (Mom2). The polyp-resistant Mom2R phenotype resulted from a spontaneous mutation and linkage analysis localized Mom2 to distal chromosome 18. To obtain recombinant chromosomes for use in refining the Mom2 …

Labrad : Vol 32, Issue 2 - May 2007, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• Transcription Mediated Amplification for the Diagnosis of HCV RNA
• Vanillyl Mandelic Acid
• Diagnosis of Pneumocystic Jiroveci Infection in Microbiology Laboratory
• Lab Diagnosis of Metabolic Bone Diseases
• 24 Hours Urinary Specimen Collection
• Genetic Analysis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
• Hybrid of Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation with Pulmonary Sequestration
• How Can We Achieve Good Response from Trans-Artial Chemo-Embolization (TACE)?
• Anti factor Xa Assay
• Automated Reticulocyte Count
• Triple Screen Test2
• 2nd Biennial Conference for Chemical Pathologists: PSCP Collaborate with AKU

Initiation Of A Critical Pathway For Pancreaticoduodenectomy At An Academic Institution -- The First Step In Multi-Disciplinary Team Building, Eugene P. Kennedy, Ernest L. Rosato, Patricia K. Sauter, Laura M. Rosenberg, Cataldo Doria, Ignazio R. Marino, Karen A. Chojnacki, Adam C. Berger, Charles Yeo

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

Objective: This study was designed to identify quantifiable parameters to track performance improvements brought about by the implementation of a critical pathway for complex alimentary tract surgery.

Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complex general surgical procedure performed in varying numbers at many academic institutions. Originally associated with significant perioperative morbidity and mortality, multiple studies have now shown that this operation can be performed quite safely at high volume institutions that develop a particular expertise. Critical pathways are one of the key tools used to achieve consistently excellent outcomes as these institutions. It remains to be determined if implementation …

The Expression Of Ovine Placental Lactogen, Star And Progesterone-Associated Steroidogenic Enzymes In Placentae Of Overnourished Growing Adolescent Ewes., Richard G Lea, Peter Wooding, Ian Stewart, Lisa T Hannah, Stephen Morton, Karen Wallace, Raymond P Aitken, John S Milne, Timothy Regnault, Russell V Anthony, Jacqueline M Wallace

Paediatrics Publications

Overnourishing pregnant adolescent sheep promotes maternal growth but reduces placental mass, lamb birth weight and circulating progesterone. This study aimed to determine whether altered progesterone reflected transcript abundance for StAR (cholesterol transporter) and the steroidogenic enzymes (Cyp11A1, Hsd3b and Cyp17). Circulating and placental expression of ovine placental lactogen (oPL) was also investigated. Adolescent ewes with singleton pregnancies were fed high (H) or moderate (M) nutrient intake diets to restrict or support placental growth. Experiment 1: peripheral progesterone and oPL concentrations were measured in H (n=7) and M (n=6) animals across gestation (days 7-140). Experiment 2: progesterone was measured to mid- …

Repeatability Of Serial Carotid Intima Media Thickness Scanning On Individual Subjects, Judi Nightingale

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background. Heart disease affects millions of Americans each year. In order to improve primary prevention, early risk identification is essential. B-mode ultrasound of the common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT) assesses risk of a coronary event early in the process of plaque development. Because IMT changes are so small over time, in order to determine clinically significant versus clinically insignificant changes in IMT over a 12 month time period, a protocol is needed which can detect the least significant difference (LSD) of at least 0.030 mm.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a well-defined …

Sociodemographic Characteristics And Diabetes Predict Invalid Self-Reported Non-Smoking In A Population-Based Study Of U.S. Adults, Monica A. Fisher, George W. Taylor, Brent J. Shelton, Sara M. Debanne

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Nearly all studies reporting smoking status collect self-reported data. The objective of this study was to assess sociodemographic characteristics and selected, common smoking-related diseases as predictors of invalid reporting of non-smoking. Valid self-reported smoking may be related to the degree to which smoking is a behavior that is not tolerated by the smoker's social group.

METHODS: True smoking was defined as having serum cotinine of 15+ng/ml. 1483 "true" smokers 45+ years of age with self-reported smoking and serum cotinine data from the Mobile Examination Center were identified in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Invalid non-smoking was …

Fairfax County's Commitment: A Housing And Health Continuum For Seniors, Judith D. Moore, Lisa Sprague

National Health Policy Forum

This one-day site visit focused on the range of services made available to seniors by Fairfax County, Virginia, including senior centers, adult day health care, and assisted living and independent housing. Services to low-income residents were emphasized. Participants were introduced to the different agencies and funding streams involved and were able to observe how county officials have acted on a stated commitment to help seniors who wish to age in place, staying in the county and in their own homes rather than in a nursing home or other institution. The day included tours of two Fairfax County multiservice sites, in …

The Association Between Lifestyle Factors And Inflammatory Markers, Kerry Ann Stonebrook

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States. While smoking, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol levels are established risk factors for CVD, inflammation is being evaluated as a potential independent risk factor. A key cytokine regulator of the inflammatory response, interleukin-1 (IL-1), has emerged as playing a particularly important role at the genetic level in determining the degree to which the inflammation pathway is turned on. How an individual’s genetic make-up affects inflammation, CVD risk, and response to lifestyle intervention is an area of research that is in …

Development Of A Reliable And Construct Valid Measure Of Nutritional Literacy In Adults, James J. Diamond

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

NOTE: The Nutritional Literacy Scale can be found here: http://jdc.jefferson.edu/nls/1/

Background: Research into the relation of literacy to health status has not included measures of nutritional literacy. This may be a critical area in the study of chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, which can both relate to obesity and nutrition. This paper details the development and psychometric characteristics of the Nutritional Literacy Scale (NLS), offered as a measure of adults' ability to comprehend nutritional information.

Methods: In order to assess the internal consistency and construct validity of the NLS, demographic data, readability statistics, NLS scores and …

High Dietary Fat Intake Is Not Associated With High Levels Of Circulating Lipoproteins Or Total Cholesterol, C. Jayne Brahler, C. Wilson, Janine Baer

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine the association between dietary intake of fats, waist to hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and blood lipoproteins and total cholesterol (TC) using food frequency data in one group of apparently healthy, urban African American women and their daughters (n = 110). Subjects were fasted when blood was drawn, waist and hip circumferences and body weight and height were measured, and WHR and BMI were calculated.

Average daily total fat intakes were 91.46 g and 77.83 g for mothers and daughters, respectively, but average LDL levels of 104.4 g/L and 103.1 …

Oncolog, Volume 52, Number 02, February 2007, Diane Witter

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• New Findings on Aspirin and Heart Attacks
• Kicking Off a Trend: Cancer-Related Deaths Decline
• House Call: Working Out How to Lower Your Risk of Cancer

Health Care Reform And Family Caregivers, Edward F. Ansello

Director's Editorials from Age in Action

Health care reform is in the air. Family caregivers need recognition, reinforcement, and a reliable resource of assistance. They need for the Commonwealth to recognize that they are the bedrock of long-term care. Minimizing investment in family caregivers would short circuit any serious effort to improve the health status and care of older Virginians.

Acute And Chronic Pain Challenges For Arthritis Patients In An Acute Care Setting, Janet M. Bykowski

Case Studies from Age in Action

Educational Objectives

1. Demonstrate the importance of chronic pain management in an acute care environment.

2. Discuss the special impact of co-morbidity of arthritis upon pain management intervention.

3. Provide education to clinicians, patients, and caregivers that would promote an interdisciplinary plan of care for acute and chronic concurrent pain management.

Pace: Program Of All-Inclusive Care For The Elderly, Laura R. Gadsby

Case Studies from Age in Action

Educational Objectives

1. Describe the Program of Allinclusive Care for the Elderly model of care for frail seniors with chronic health care needs.

2. Demonstrate how PACE benefits providers in the delivery of services.

3. Explain how the PACE concept complements Virginia’s Long Term Care Reform, as well as initiatives to develop further the PACE program in Virginia.

2006 Cancer Care Annual Report, Children's Mercy Hospital

Cancer Center Annual Reports

Annual report of cancer care and oncology services at the Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center. This report has a focus on tumors of the central nervous system.

Masters Of Public Health 2007, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Children's Mercy Hospital Annual Report 2006, Children's Mercy Hospital

Children's Mercy Annual Reports

Annual report for The Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Effects Of Curcumin On Retinal Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Diabetes, Renu A. Kowluru, Mamta Kanwar

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of retinopathy in diabetes. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of curcumin, a polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on diabetes-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the retina of rats.

Methods

A group of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received powdered diet supplemented with 0.05% curcumin (w/w), and another group received diet without curcumin. The diets were initiated soon after induction of diabetes, and the rats were sacrificed 6 weeks after induction of diabetes. The retina was used to quantify oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory markers.

Results

Antioxidant …