Digital Commons Network^™

Relation Of Breastfeeding Duration With Blood Pressure And Arterial Stiffness, Lohita Kollipara, Abbi Lane-Cordova, Xuewen Wang

Senior Theses

Background: The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the effects of differing breastfeeding duration on vascular function.

Methods: A study was designed to explore the breastfeeding patterns of 79 participants who delivered a singleton fetus 6 months-3 years ago and were aged 18-45 years old. Participant breastfeeding and dietary habits were self-reported using surveys. Breastfeeding groups were established by following the American Association of Pediatric guidelines on breastfeeding duration: Women who did versus did not breastfeeding for 6 months continuously. Blood pressure was measured using a standard oscillometric cuff, while SphygmoCor® technology was used to measure pulse wave velocity. …

Gastric Sleeve Eras - Use Of Transverse Abdominal Plane (Tap) Blocks And Reduction Of Pain In Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Patient, Children's Mercy Kansas City

Clinical Critically Appraised Topics

No abstract provided.

Hereditary Hemochromatosis As An Independent Risk Factor For Liver Cancer: A Matched Case-Control Study Of The National Inpatient Sample Database, Maryam Haider, Ali F. Alsbihi, Zaid Imam, Adnan Malik, Sana Iqbal, Mahum Nadeem, Ahmed J. Chaudhary

Conference Presentation Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Activation Of The Innate Immune System In Children With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Evidenced By Increased Fecal Human Β-Defensin-2, Robert J Shulman, Sridevi Devaraj, Margaret Heitkemper

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background & aims: The role of the innate immune system in functional gastrointestinal pain disorders is unclear. We investigated the role of β-defensin-2 and gut permeability in childhood irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain (FAP) symptom generation.

Methods: Fecal β-defensin-2 (and in a subset, gut permeability) was measured in children with IBS (n = 116), FAP (n = 33), and healthy control (HC) children (n = 72). IBS and FAP patients were recruited from tertiary and primary care, and HCs were recruited from primary care.

Results: β-defensin-2 concentration was greater in children with IBS (P = .003) and …

Organophosphate Pesticides And Progression Of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Children: A Prospective Cohort Study., Melanie H. Jacobson, Yinxiang Wu, Mengling Liu, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Adela Jing Li, Morgan Robinson, Bradley A. Warady, Susan Furth, Howard Trachtman, Leonardo Trasande

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: Growing evidence suggests that exposure to environmental chemicals, such as pesticides, impacts renal function and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is not clear if pesticides may affect CKD progression and no studies exist in children.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine associations between serially measured urinary OP pesticide metabolites and clinical and laboratory measures of kidney function over time among children with CKD.

Methods: This study used data on 618 participants enrolled in the CKD in Children study (CKiD), a cohort study of pediatric CKD patients from the US and Canada. Children were followed over …

Initial Laparotomy Versus Peritoneal Drainage In Extremely Low Birthweight Infants With Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis Or Isolated Intestinal Perforation: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial, Barry Eggleston, Robin K Ohls, William E Truog, Leif D Nelin, Brenda B Poindexter, Claudia Pedroza, Michele C Walsh, Barbara J Stoll, Rachel Geller, Kathleen A Kennedy, Reed A Dimmitt, Waldemar A Carlo, C Michael Cotten, Abbot R Laptook, Krisa P Van Meurs, Kara L Calkins, Gregory M Sokol, Pablo J Sanchez, Myra H Wyckoff, Ravi M Patel, Ivan D Frantz, Seetha Shankaran, Carl T D'Angio, Bradley A Yoder, Edward F Bell, Kristi L Watterberg, Colin A Martin, Carroll M Harmon, Henry Rice, Arlet G Kurkchubasche, Karl Sylvester, James C Y Dunn, Troy A Markel, Diana L Diesen, Amina M Bhatia, Alan Flake, Walter J Chwals, Rebeccah Brown, Kathryn D Bass, Shawn D St Peter, Christina M Shanti, Walter Pegoli, David Skarda, Joel Shilyansky, David G Lemon, Ricardo A Mosquera, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Ricki F Goldstein, Betty R Vohr, Isabell B Purdy, Abbey C Hines, Nathalie L Maitre, Roy J Heyne, Sara B Demauro, Elisabeth C Mcgowan, Kimberly Yolton, Howard W Kilbride, Girija Natarajan, Kelley Yost, Sarah Winter, Tarah T Colaizy, Matthew M Laughon, Satyanarayana Lakshminrusimha, Rosemary D Higgins, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health And Human Development Neonatal Research Network

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine which initial surgical treatment results in the lowest rate of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or isolated intestinal perforation (IP).

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The impact of initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage for NEC or IP on the rate of death or NDI in extremely low birth weight infants is unknown.

METHODS: We conducted the largest feasible randomized trial in 20 US centers, comparing initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage. The primary outcome was a composite of death or NDI at 18 to 22 months corrected …

Initial Laparotomy Versus Peritoneal Drainage In Extremely Low Birthweight Infants With Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis Or Isolated Intestinal Perforation: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial, Barry Eggleston, Robin K Ohls, William E Truog, Leif D Nelin, Brenda B Poindexter, Claudia Pedroza, Michele C Walsh, Barbara J Stoll, Rachel Geller, Kathleen A Kennedy, Reed A Dimmitt, Waldemar A Carlo, C Michael Cotten, Abbot R Laptook, Krisa P Van Meurs, Kara L Calkins, Gregory M Sokol, Pablo J Sanchez, Myra H Wyckoff, Ravi M Patel, Ivan D Frantz, Seetha Shankaran, Carl T D'Angio, Bradley A Yoder, Edward F Bell, Kristi L Watterberg, Colin A Martin, Carroll M Harmon, Henry Rice, Arlet G Kurkchubasche, Karl Sylvester, James C Y Dunn, Troy A Markel, Diana L Diesen, Amina M Bhatia, Alan Flake, Walter J Chwals, Rebeccah Brown, Kathryn D Bass, Shawn D St Peter, Christina M Shanti, Walter Pegoli, David Skarda, Joel Shilyansky, David G Lemon, Ricardo A Mosquera, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Ricki F Goldstein, Betty R Vohr, Isabell B Purdy, Abbey C Hines, Nathalie L Maitre, Roy J Heyne, Sara B Demauro, Elisabeth C Mcgowan, Kimberly Yolton, Howard W Kilbride, Girija Natarajan, Kelley Yost, Sarah Winter, Tarah T Colaizy, Matthew M Laughon, Satyanarayana Lakshminrusimha, Rosemary D Higgins, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health And Human Development Neonatal Research Network

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine which initial surgical treatment results in the lowest rate of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or isolated intestinal perforation (IP).

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The impact of initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage for NEC or IP on the rate of death or NDI in extremely low birth weight infants is unknown.

METHODS: We conducted the largest feasible randomized trial in 20 US centers, comparing initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage. The primary outcome was a composite of death or NDI at 18 to 22 months corrected …

The Role Of Albumin And Hemoglobin As Predictors Of 28-Day Mortality In Elderly Sepsis Patients In Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang, Widya Mandala Sari Gultom, Nur Riviati, Rizky Perdana, Syarif Husin

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Sepsis is defined as organ dysfunction caused by dysregulation of the host’s response to infection. The majority of sepsis are experienced by elderly patients with high mortality rates. In the condition of sepsis, there are various body mechanisms that cause a decrease in albumin and hemoglobin. This study is to determine the predictive value of albumin and hemoglobin levels on 28-day mortality of elderly sepsis patients.

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound: New Concepts And Future Trends, Yaoting Wang, Huihui Chai, Ruizhong Ye, Jingzhi Li, Ji-Bin Liu, Chen Lin, Chengzhong Peng

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Ultrasound (US) technology, with major advances and new developments, has become an essential and first-line imaging modality for clinical diagnosis and interventional treatment. US imaging has evolved from one-dimensional, twodimensional to three-dimensional display, and from static to real-time imaging, as well as from structural to functional imaging. Based on its portability and advanced digital imaging technique, US was first adopted by emergency medicine in the 1980s and gradually gained popularity among other specialists for clinical diagnosis and interventional treatment. Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) was then proposed as a new concept and developed for new uses, which greatly extended clinical US applications. …

Predictors Of Handgrip Strength Changes In Elderly Patients, Ummi Ulfah Madina, Siti Setiati, Purwita Wijaya Laksmi, Arif Mansjoer

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. The increasing elderly population throughout the world has been related to the increased prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty. Handgrip strength is a component of sarcopenia, one of frailty syndrome phenotypes. Previous studies have assessed the association of age, sex, nutritional status, functional status, mental status, and comorbidity, but varied results. No longitudinal study has been done to determine the correlation of handgrip strength changes with age, sex, nutritional status, functional status, mental status, and comorbidity in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between age, sex, nutritional status, functional status, depressive symptoms, comorbidity, and handgrip …

Impact Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of Different Doses Of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy On Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes: A Randomised, Controlled, Dose Comparison Trial In Pakistan, Sidrah Nausheen, Atif Habib, Maria Asif Bhura, Arjumand Rizvi, Fariha Shaheen, Kehkashan Begum, Junaid Iqbal, Shabina Ariff, Lumaan Sheikh, Syed Shamim Raza, Sajid Bashir Soofi

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a public health problem in Pakistan and is prevalent among most women of reproductive age in the country. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy is suggested to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes and vitamin D deficiency in both the mother and her newborn.
Methods: We conducted a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial in Karachi, Pakistan to evaluate the effect of different doses of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on biochemical markers (serum 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase) in women and neonates, and on pregnancy and birth outcomes (gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, low birth weight, preterm births …

Association Of Manganese Biomarker Concentrations With Blood Pressure And Kidney Parameters Among Healthy Adolescents: Nhanes 2013–2018, Maria D. Politis, Jacob C. Freedman, Erin N. Haynes, Alison P. Sanders

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Deficiency or excess exposure to manganese (Mn), an essential mineral, may have potentially adverse health effects. The kidneys are a major organ of Mn site-specific toxicity because of their unique role in filtration, metabolism, and excretion of xenobiotics. We hypothesized that Mn concentrations were associated with poorer blood pressure (BP) and kidney parameters such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1931 healthy U.S. adolescents aged 12–19 years participating in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2013–2014, 2015–2016, and 2017–2018. Blood and urine Mn concentrations …

Changes Of Exercise, Screen Time, Fast Food Consumption, Alcohol, And Cigarette Smoking During The Covid-19 Pandemic Among Adults In The United States, Liwei Chen, Jian Li, Tong Xia, Timothy A. Matthews, Tung-Sung Tseng, Lu Shi, Donglan Zhang, Zhuo Chen, Xuesong Han, Yan Li, Hongmei Li, Ming Wen, Dejun Su

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Objective: To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on multiple lifestyle changes among adults in the United States (USA). Methods: We conducted a survey, the Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic (HEAP) Study, in October 2020 among USA adults. Participants were selected from the United States using 48 sampling strata, including age, race, ethnicity, education, and gender, and were asked to report five lifestyle behaviors (i.e., exercise time, screen time, fast-food meal consumption, alcohol drinking, and cigarette smoking) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The associations of sociodemographic factors with each lifestyle change were estimated using weighted multivariable logistic regression models. …

Neurotensin Regulates Proliferation And Stem Cell Function In The Small Intestine In A Nutrient-Dependent Manner, Stephanie A. Rock, Kai Jiang, Yuanyuan Wu, Yajuan Liu, Jing Li, Heidi L. Weiss, Chi Wang, Jianhang Jia, Tianyan Gao, B. Mark Evers

Surgery Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are sensitive to dietary alterations and nutrient availability. Neurotensin (NT), a gut peptide localized predominantly to the small bowel and released by fat ingestion, stimulates the growth of intestinal mucosa under basal conditions and during periods of nutrient deprivation, suggesting a possible role for NT on ISC function.

METHODS: Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5-Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (Lgr5-EGFP) NT wild type (Nt^+/+) and Lgr5-EGFP NT knockout (Nt^-/-) mice were fed ad libitum or fasted for 48 hours. Small intestine tissue and crypts were examined by gene …

Dietary Saturated Fats And Health: Are The Us Guidelines Evidence-Based?, Arne Astrup, Nina Teicholz, Faidon Magkos, Dennis M Bier, J Thomas Brenna, Janet C King, Andrew Mente, José M Ordovas, Jeff S Volek, Salim Yusuf, Ronald M Krauss

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The last decade has seen nearly 20 papers reviewing the totality of the data on saturated fats and cardiovascular outcomes, which, altogether, have demonstrated a lack of rigorous evidence to support continued recommendations either to limit the consumption of saturated fatty acids or to replace them with polyunsaturated fatty acids. These papers were unfortunately not considered by the process leading to the most recent U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the country's national nutrition policy, which recently reconfirmed its recommendation to limit saturated fats to 10% or less of total energy intake, based on insufficient and inconsistent evidence. Continuation of a …

The Family Planning "Know-Do" Gap Among Married Women Of Reproductive Age In Urban Pakistan, S Yameen, Sidrah Nausheen, I Hussain, K Hackett, Arjumand Rizvi, Uzair Ansari, Zohra S. Lassi, D Canning, I Shah, Sajid Bashir Soofi

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Objective: To examine the prevalence and predictors of family planning (FP) know-do gaps among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in low socio-economic urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan.
Design: This was a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected 7288 MWRA (16-49 years) to identify predictors of the know-do gap in FP using a logistic regression model.
Results: More than one third (35.5%) of MWRA had FP know-do gap, i.e., despite having a knowledge of contraceptives and desire to limit or delay childbearing, they were not using contraceptives. Women were less likely to use FP if they were getting older (25-35 years: …

Mid-Upper Arm Circumference Assessment And Comparison With Weight For Length Z-Score In Infants ≤6 Months As An Indicator Of Severe Acute Malnutrition, Mahjabeen Zehra, Ali Faisal Saleem, Zaubina Kazi, Sadia Parkar

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: To assess the frequency of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and to determine the validity of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as compared to weight for length z-score (WLZ-score) as an indicator of the nutritional status in this age group.
Methods: A cross-sectional study, with a purposive sampling was conducted from March 2018 to November 2018 to enroll 540 infants ≤6 months of age from three different sites in Karachi, Pakistan. The anthropometric measurements (MUAC, length and weight) were taken by experienced community health workers. The data were analyzed using SPSS. MUAC was compared with WLZ-score for sensitivity and specificity to …

Sex Differences In Trends And In-Hospital Outcomes Among Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia: A Nationwide Analysis, Ayman Elbadawi, Kirolos Barssoum, Michael Megaly, Devesh Rai, Ahmed Elsherbeeny, Hend Mansoor, Mehdi H. Shishehbor, Ahmed K. Abdel-Latif, Martha Gulati, Islam Y. Elgendy

Gill Heart & Vascular Institute Faculty Publications

Background

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) represents the most severe form of peripheral artery disease and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Contemporary data comparing the sex differences in trends, revascularization strategies, and in-hospital outcomes among patients with CLI are scarce.

Methods and Results

Using the National Inpatient Sample database years 2002 to 2015, we identified hospitalizations for CLI. Temporal trends for hospitalizations for CLI were evaluated. The differences in demographics, revascularization, and in‐hospital outcomes between both sexes were compared. Among 2 400 778 CLI hospitalizations, 43.6% were women. Women were older and had a higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, …

Comparative Study Between The Visual Outcome Of Phacoemulsification And Small Incision Cataract Surgery, Mohammed S. Ahmed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction Cataract is still one of the most common causes of visual impairment worldwide. Phacoemulsification is the primary method for cataract surgery in developed countries. However, it is associated with high cost and small incision cataract surgery (SICS), which has become an alternative surgery for phacoemulsification, mostly in developing countries. Patients and methods This study was carried out aiming to compare the effectiveness [postoperative visual acuity (VA)] of phacoemulsification versus SICS. Four hundred and fifty cataract patients, allocated into two groups with no statistically significant differences in their basic characteristics, were included in the current study. Patients in the first …

Evaluation Of Noninvasive Methods For Diagnosis Of Cholestasis In Infancy, Ashraf M. Ayad, Hala Abdelal, Hasan Khalaf, Mohamed F. Alsoda

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Cholestatic liver disease constitutes a large percentage of chronic liver diseases during infancy. Cholestasis is defined as interference with bile formation or flow owing to pathology anywhere between the hepatocyte and the ampulla of Vater. Aim To evaluate the different modalities used for diagnosing cholestasis in infants in Damanhour Medical National Institute (DMNI) to find out the sensitivity and the predictive values of each modality in defining the cause of cholestatic jaundice, whether surgical or medical. Patients and methods This study was a retrospective one which included 153 infants who were referred with cholestasis in first year of life …

Impact Of Pulse Oximetry On Hospital Referral Acceptance In Children Under 5 With Severe Pneumonia In Rural Pakistan (District Jamshoro): Protocol For A Cluster Randomised Trial, Fatima Mir, Apsara Ali, Suhail Chanar, Amjad Hussain, Arjumand Rizvi, Imran Ahmed, Zahid Memon, Atif Habib, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of death among children under 5 specifically in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Hypoxaemia is a life-threatening complication among children under 5 with pneumonia. Hypoxaemia increases risk of mortality by 4.3 times in children with pneumonia than those without hypoxaemia. Prevalence of hypoxaemia varies with geography, altitude and severity (9%-39% Asia, 3%-10% African countries). In this protocol paper, we describe research methods for assessing impact of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) identifying hypoxaemia in children with signs of pneumonia during household visits on acceptance of hospital referral in district Jamshoro, Sindh.
Methods and analysis: A …

Evaluation Of Vitamin D Status In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Mai M. Kamel, Mohamed F. Alsoda, Omnia S. Ali

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective The current study was conducted to evaluate vitamin D status in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and its relations with associated risk factors. Patients and methods The present research included 50 children with CP of both sexes compared with a control group of 20 healthy children with matched age and sex. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, serum calcium, and phosphorus were measured and compared in cases and controls. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was recorded, and children with GMFCS level I–III were considered ambulatory, whereas children with level IV–V were considered nonambulatory. Results Median (interquartile range) serum vitamin D …

Epidemiology Of Type 2 Diabetes In The Middle East And North Africa: Challenges And Call For Action, Imad El-Kebbi, Nayda Bidikian, Layal Hneiny, Mona Nasrallah

Faculty Publications

Type 2 diabetes continues to be a serious and highly prevalent public health problem worldwide. In 2019, the highest prevalence of diabetes in the world at 12.2%, with its associated morbidity and mortality, was found in the Middle East and North Africa region. In addition to a genetic predisposition in its population, evidence suggests that obesity, physical inactivity, urbanization, and poor nutritional habits have contributed to the high prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in the region. These risk factors have also led to an earlier onset of type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents, negatively affecting the productive years of …

Exercise Intolerance In Older Adults With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Jacc State-Of-The-Art Review, Dean L Kellogg, Gregory D Lewis, Daniel E Forman, Robert J Mentz, Barry A Borlaug, Marc A Simon, Julio A Chirinos, Roger A Fielding, Elena Volpi, Anthony J A Molina, Mark J Haykowsky, Flora Sam, Bret H Goodpaster, Alain G Bertoni, Jamie N Justice, James P White, Jingzhone Ding, Scott L Hummel, Nathan K Lebrasseur, George E Taffet, Iraklis I Pipinos, Dalane Kitzman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Exercise intolerance (EI) is the primary manifestation of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the most common form of heart failure among older individuals. The recent recognition that HFpEF is likely a systemic, multiorgan disorder that shares characteristics with other common, difficult-to-treat, aging-related disorders suggests that novel insights may be gained from combining knowledge and concepts from aging and cardiovascular disease disciplines. This state-of-the-art review is based on the outcomes of a National Institute of Aging-sponsored working group meeting on aging and EI in HFpEF. We discuss aging-related and extracardiac contributors to EI in HFpEF and provide the …

Emergency Medicine Shift Factors Causing The Most Stress Among Emergency Medicine Residents, Mohamad Moussa, Kristen Hayden, Chia-Hao Shih, Sadik Khuder, Zayd Safadi, Connor Parsell

Journal of Wellness

Introduction: Past studies demonstrate that stress and anxiety affect emergency medicine physicians, but the causal factors identified are usually from sources outside the work shift. We attempt to show the relationship between intrinsic factors of a work shift and anxiety perceived by residents, while also examining differing gender responses.

Methods: In 2018, a cross-sectional survey of emergency medicine residents in the United States was distributed anonymously through the Emergency Medicine Residents Association. The survey consisted of demographic questions, novel questions identifying intrinsic factors, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale. Spearman correlation, independent t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance …

Osteoporosis, Susan Mockus Parks, Md

Department of Family & Community Medicine Presentations and Grand Rounds

Objectives

Review importance of bone health

Define and identify osteopenia and osteoporosis

Learn treatment options for osteopenia

• How to counsel patients
• How to use FRAX calculator to assist with treatment decisions

Learn treatment options for osteoporosis

• Become familiar with treatment guidelines and options

The Concurrence Of Dna Methylation And Demethylation Is Associated With Transcription Regulation, Jiejun Shi, Jianfeng Xu, Yiling Elaine Chen, Jason Sheng Li, Ya Cui, Lanlan Shen, Jingyi Jessica Li, Wei Li

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The mammalian DNA methylome is formed by two antagonizing processes, methylation by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and demethylation by ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases. Although the dynamics of either methylation or demethylation have been intensively studied in the past decade, the direct effects of their interaction on gene expression remain elusive. Here, we quantify the concurrence of DNA methylation and demethylation by the percentage of unmethylated CpGs within a partially methylated read from bisulfite sequencing. After verifying 'methylation concurrence' by its strong association with the co-localization of DNMT and TET enzymes, we observe that methylation concurrence is strongly correlated with gene expression. …

Intermittent Bolus Compared With Continuous Feeding Enhances Insulin And Amino Acid Signaling To Translation Initiation In Skeletal Muscle Of Neonatal Pigs, Agus Suryawan, Samer W El-Kadi, Hanh V Nguyen, Marta L Fiorotto, Teresa A Davis

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Nutrition administered as intermittent bolus feeds rather than continuously promotes greater protein synthesis rates in skeletal muscle and enhances lean growth in a neonatal piglet model. The molecular mechanisms responsible remain unclear.

Objectives: We aimed to identify the insulin- and/or amino acid-signaling components involved in the enhanced stimulation of skeletal muscle by intermittent bolus compared to continuous feeding in neonatal pigs born at term.

Methods: Term piglets (2-3 days old) were fed equal amounts of sow milk replacer [12.8 g protein and 155 kcal/(kg body weight · d)] by orogastric tube as intermittent bolus meals every 4 hours (INT) …

Challenges Of Assessing Community Mortality Due To Respiratory Viruses In Children Aged Less Than 5 Years, Mauricio T. Caballero, Ashish Satav, Christopher J. Gill, Saad B. Omer, Rachel C. Pieciak, Abdul Momin Kazi, Eric Af Simões, Fernando P. Polack

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Estimating the real impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is key for the development of vaccines and treatments. Ascertaining the burden of community mortality due to RSV is challenging due to the lack of primary data. Therefore, conducting observational studies to determine the factors associated with community mortality due to the virus in developing countries is important.
Objective: Our aim in this study was to describe the obstacles, gaps, and challenges that investigators face in low-income, vulnerable regions in 4 developing countries on 3 continents.
Results: The main obstacles and challenges of ascertaining community mortality due to RSV …

The Good Food For Learning Universal Curriculum-Integrated Healthy School Lunch Intervention: Protocol For A Two-Year Matched Control Pre-Post And Case Study, Rachel Engler-Stringer, Jennifer Black, Nazeem Muhajarine, Wanda Martin, Jason Gilliland, Janet Mcvittie, Sara Kirk, Hannah Wittman, Amin Mousavi, Sinikka Elliott, Brent Hills, Gordon Androsoff, Debbie Field, Brit Macdonald, Chelsea Belt, Hassan Vatanparast

Paediatrics Publications

Background: Good nutrition affects children's health, well-being, and learning, and schools offer an important setting to promote healthy behaviors that can last a lifetime. Once children reach school age, they spend more of their waking hours in school than in any other environment. Children's eating habits may be easier to influence than those of adults. In Canada, households with children are more likely to experience food insecurity, and school food programs that are universally available to all children can support the development of healthy eating patterns across groups of varying socioeconomic status. There is a significant gap in the rigorous …