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Hemoglobin Concentration In Children In A Malaria Holoendemic Area Is Determined By Cumulated Plasmodium Falciparum Parasite Densities, H. Ekvall, Zul Premji, S. Bennett, A. Bjorkman

Pathology, East Africa

In malaria holoendemic areas children are anemic, but the exact influence of falciparum malaria on hemoglobin (Hb) concentration remains largely unsettled. Prospective data were therefore collected in children < 24 months of age during five months in a Tanzanian village. Children with mean asymptomatic parasitemia ≥ 400/μl had lower median Hb levels during the study than those with mean density < 400/μl. The difference was 9.7 g/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8-17). In children with one or more clinical malaria episodes, the median Hb was 8.3 g/L (95% CI 0.9-16) lower than those without episode. If early treatment failure was recorded, the immediate effect on Hb was particularly important with a mean drop of 17 g/L. Interestingly, at study-end the Hb concentration represented a function of the area under the parasitemia curve (AUPC) during the previous five months, adjusting for age. In conclusion, stepwise deterioration in median Hb levels was found by asymptomatic parasitemia, clinical malaria episode, and most significantly, treatment failure.

Oncolog, Volume 45, Number 12, December 2000, Sunni Hosemann, Noelle Heinze, Alison Ruffin

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• And Cancer Too: Treating Cancer Alongside Other Conditions
• Compass: Clinical Practice Guidelines
• New Study Measures the Effects of Mood and Hereditary Tendencies to Smoke on Tobacco Cessation
• House Call: How to Talk with Your Doctor
• Controlling Infections in Patients with Neutropenia Remains a Challenge

Attachment Of Toxoplasma Gondii To A Specific Membrane Fraction Of Cho Cells, Chaitali Dutta, Jane Grimwood, Lloyd H. Kasper

Dartmouth Scholarship

We have observed previously that attachment of Toxoplasma gondii to synchronized host cells is considerably increased at the mid-S phase (4 h postrelease). Synchronized CHO host cells at the mid-S phase were fractionated by molecular weight, and the antigens were used to produce a panel of polyclonal mouse antisera. The polyclonal antisera raised against fraction 4 with molecular mass ranging approximately from 18 to 40 kDa significantly reduced attachment to mid-S-phase host cells. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated strong reactivity to mid-S-phase host cells and identified a number of potential receptors on Western blots. These data indicate that there is a specific …

Lack Of Cd4+ T Cells Does Not Affect Induction Of Cd8+ T-Cell Immunity Against Encephalitozoon Cuniculi Infection, Magali Moretto, Lori Casciotti, Brigit Durell, Imtiaz A. Khan

Dartmouth Scholarship

Cell-mediated immunity has been reported to play an important role in defense against Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection. Previous studies from our laboratory have underlined the importance of cytotoxic CD8⁺ T lymphocytes (CTL) in survival of mice infected with E. cuniculi. In the present study, immune response against E. cuniculi infection in CD4⁺T-cell-deficient mice was evaluated. Similar to resistant wild-type animals, CD4^−/− mice were able to resolve E. cuniculi infection even at a very high challenge dose (5 × 10⁷ spores/mouse). Tissues from infected CD4^−/−mice did not exhibit higher parasite loads in comparison to …

Human Subject Research, Ethics And The Developing World, F Moazam

Department of Surgery Docs

No abstract provided.

Vital Signs, Fall 2000, Boonshoft School Of Medicine

Vital Signs

A twenty four page newsletter created by the Boonshoft School of Medicine to document the current affairs of the school. This issue includes a variety of feature articles, alumni profiles, class notes, and more.

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Fall 2000), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Fall 2000 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Salutes Dr. Finkelstein
• PCOM Updates
• Commencement 2000
• Rethinking Alzheimer's Disease
• A DO Saves Lives - Half a World Away
• Follies Leaves PCOM in Stitches
• Alumni Weekend Brings Grads Together
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn: New Essay Section
• Save the Date: Winter CME Week
• Coming Events

Antiretroviral Therapy (Art) In Clinical Practice: Effectiveness And Tolerability Of Necvirapine (Nvp), Stavudine (D4t) And Lamivudine (3tc), Joseph L. Yozviak Do, Facp, R Eric Doerfler Np, Cch, William C. Woodward Do

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Structured Treatment Interrupion (Sti) With Nevirapine (Nvp) And Two Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase Inhibitors (Nsrti): Is Re-Suppression Achieved Following Treatment Interruption?, Joseph L. Yozviak Do, Facp, R Eric Doerfler Np, Cch, William C. Woodward Do

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Staphylococcus Aureus Rn6390 Replicates And Induces Apoptosis In A Pulmonary Epithelial Cell Line, Barbara C. Kahl, Mark Goulian, Willem Van Wamel, Mathias Herrmann, Sanford M. Simon, Gilla Kaplan, Georg Peters, Ambrose L. Cheung

Dartmouth Scholarship

Staphylococcus aureus frequently colonizes the airways of patients with compromised airway defenses (e.g., cystic fibrosis [CF] patients) for extended periods. Persistent and relapsing infections may be related to live S. aureus bacteria actively residing inside epithelial cells. In this study, we infected a respiratory epithelial cell line, which was derived from a CF patient, with S. aureus RN6390. Internalization of S. aureus was found to be time and dose dependent and could be blocked by cytochalasin D. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that internalized bacteria resided within endocytic vacuoles without any evidence of lysosomal fusion in a 24-h period. The results …

Differential Infectivity And Division Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes, Jacqueline Y. Channon, Rosanne M. Seguin, Lloyd H. Kasper

Dartmouth Scholarship

When tachyzoites were incubated with human peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro, more monocytes and dendritic cells than neutrophils or lymphocytes were infected. Although tachyzoites were able to divide in each of these cell types, monocytes and dendritic cells were more permissive to rapid tachyzoite division than neutrophils or lymphocytes.

Trends. Biopolitics And Anthrax: A United States Fiasco?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the biopolitical issues involved with the mass inoculation of United States military forces against anthrax.

Antiretroviral Therapy (Art) In Clinical Practice: Ethnic Variability In Effectiveness And Tolerability Of Nelfinavir And Two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Joseph L. Yozviak Do, Facp, B Moran, R Eric Doerfler Np, Cch, William C. Woodward Do

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Estradiol And Progesterone On Susceptibility And Early Immune Responses To Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection In The Female Reproductive Tract, Charu Kaushic, Fan Zhou, Andrew D. Murdin, Charles R. Wira

Dartmouth Scholarship

We have used a previously described rodent model to examine the influence of hormonal environment on susceptibility and immune responses to genital Chlamydia infection. Ovariectomized rats were administered estradiol, progesterone, or a combination of both, infected with Chlamydia trachomatis via the intrauterine route, and sacrificed 5 days later. Histopathological examination showed severe inflammation in the uteri and vaginae of progesterone-treated animals, whereas animals receiving estradiol or a combination of both hormones showed no inflammation. Large numbers of chlamydiae were found in vaginal secretions of progesterone-treated and combination-treated animals, while estradiol-treated animals had none. Tissue localization showed that numerous chlamydial inclusions …

Commencement, Philadelphia (2000), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Commencements

Philadelphia Campus D.O. Commencement Program, 109th Class. Degrees include Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine.

Commencement Speaker: Donna E. Shalala, Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Com Outlook June 2000, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

Means To Achieve Sustained Release Of Synergistic Drugs By Conjugation, Paul Ashton, Peter A. Crooks, Tadeusz Cynkowski, Grazyna Cynkowska, Hone Guo

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Patents

A codrug composition of at least two drug compounds covalently linked to one another via a labile bond to form a single codrug composition, or ionically linked to one another to form a single workings composition, and methods of use of the codrug for the treatment of various medical conditions. The codrug may be administered by itself or in the form of a bioerodible or nonbioerodible substance.

Com Outlook April 2000, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

Health Professions Division Catalog Academic Year 2000-2001, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Intimate Partner Violence And Cervical Neoplasia, Ann L. Coker, Maureen Sanderson, Mary Kay Fadden, Lucia Pirisi

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with a range of adverse physical health outcomes, including chronic and infectious diseases. An emerging literature suggests that partner violence and specifically sexual violence may be associated with an increased risk of cervical neoplasia. To assess the risk of preinvasive and invasive cervical cancer in a cross-sectional study of women screened for IPV by type, frequency and duration, 1152 women ages 18–65 were recruited from family practice clinics in 1997–1998. They were screened for IPV during a brief in-clinic interview, and health history and current status were assessed in a follow-up interview. Of 1152 …

Identification Of The Transactivation Domain Of The Transcription Factor Sox-2 And An Associated Co-Activator, Tamara K. Nowling, Lance R. Johnson, Matthew S. Wiebe, Angie Rizzino

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The importance of interactions between Sox and POU transcription factors in the regulation of gene expression is becoming increasingly apparent. Recently, many examples of the involvement of Sox-POU partnerships in transcription have been discovered, including a partnership between Sox-2 and Oct-3. Little is known about the mechanisms by which these factors modulate transcription. To better understand the molecular interactions involved, we mapped the location of the transactivation do-main of Sox-2. This was done in the context of its interaction with Oct-3, as well as its ability to transactivate as a fusion protein linked to the DNA-binding domain of Gal4. Both …

Micronutrient And Iron Supplementation And Effective Anti-Malarial Treatment Synergistically Improve Childhood Anaemia, H. Ekvall, Zul Premji, A. Bjorkman

Pathology, East Africa

The control of childhood anaemia in malaria holoendemic areas is a major public health challenge for which an optimal strategy remains to be determined. Malaria prevention may compromise the development of partial immunity. Regular micronutrient supplementation has been suggested as an alternative but its effectiveness remains unsettled. We therefore conducted a randomised placebo-controlled intervention trial with 207 Tanzanian children aged 5 months to 3 years on the efficacy of supervised supplementation of low-dose micronutrients including iron (Poly Vi-Sol with iron) three times per week, with an average attendance of ≥ 90%. The mean haemoglobin (Hb) level increased by 8 g/l …

Hepatitis C: Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Among Orthopedic Trainee Surgeons In Pakistan, J S. Rana, A R. Khan, A A. Haleem, F N. Khan, A Gul, A R. Sarwari

Section of Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

Prognostic Indicators Of Childhood Acute Viral Encephalitis, E Bhutto, M Naim, M Ehtesham, M Rehman, M A. Siddique, I Jehan

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To devise a set of clinical signs and laboratory parameters that would help clinicians assess prognosis in patients and plan appropriate management.Methods: Medical records of 147 paediatric cases (with a discharge diagnosis of acute viral encephalitis) admitted over a ten year period from 1987 to 1997 were reviewed and relevant information collected on a data extraction form.Results: Of 147 patients, 24 (16.3%) died and 48 (32.7%) were left with severe neurological deficits. A GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) score between 6-10 had an association with poor outcome (OR = 2.62, Chi-square = 5.57, p-value = 0.018) and that a GCS …

A Preclinical Model Of Ionizing Radiation And Tnf-Alpha Gene Therapy For Cancer, Jun Li

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Long term control of high-grade brain tumors is rarely achieved with current therapeutic regimens. This study sought to determine if pretreatment with plasmid DNA expressing Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) could enhance the effect of ionizing radiation in an aggressive, rapidly growing glioma tumor (C6) model. Plasmid DNA is an attractive vector system for delivery of foreign genes into eukaryotic cells due to its advantages including low immunogenicity in vivo, lesser toxicity and relatively low cost. We have constructed a plasmid-based mammalian expression vector (pGL1-TNF) to secrete human TNF-α from cancer cells. Plasmid DNA was successfully transfected into C6 cells …

Immune Cd8+ T Cells Prevent Reactivation Of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection In The Immunocompromised Host, Imtiaz A. Khan, William R. Green, Lloyd H. Kasper, Kathy A. Green, Joseph D. Schwartzman

Dartmouth Scholarship

Toxoplasma gondii remains a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals that are immunosuppressed, patients with AIDS in particular. The cellular immune response, especially by gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD8⁺ T cells, is an essential component of protective immunity against the parasite. In the present study the role of CD8⁺ T cells during the reactivation of Toxoplasma infection in an immunocompromised murine model was evaluated. Chronically infected mice were challenged with LP-BM5 virus, and the kinetics of CD8⁺ T-cell function was studied. At 10 weeks after viral infection, mice showed obvious signs of systemic illness and began …

Intermittent Antiretroviral Therapy (Art) Can Induce Reduction Of Viral Rebounding During Art-Interruption, Joseph L. Yozviak Do, Facp, R Eric Doerfler Np, Cch, William C. Woodward Do

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Immune Responses Induced By Gene Gun Or Intramuscular Injection Of Dna Vaccines That Express Immunogenic Regions Of The Serine Repeat Antigen From Plasmodium Falciparum, Alexia A. Belperron, David Feltquate, Barbara A. Fox, Toshihiro Horii, David J. Bzik

Dartmouth Scholarship

The liver- and blood-stage-expressed serine repeat antigen (SERA) of Plasmodium falciparum is a candidate protein for a human malaria vaccine. We compared the immune responses induced in mice immunized with SERA-expressing plasmid DNA vaccines delivered by intramuscular (i.m.) injection or delivered intradermally by Gene Gun immunization. Mice were immunized with a pcdna3 plasmid encoding the entire 47-kDa domain of SERA (amino acids 17 to 382) or the N-terminal domain (amino acids 17 to 110) of SERA. Minimal antibody responses were detected following DNA vaccination with the N-terminal domain of SERA, suggesting that the N-terminal domain alone is not highly immunogenic …

Differential Transcription Of The Tcpph Operon Confers Biotype-Specific Control Of The Vibrio Cholerae Toxr Virulence Regulon, Yvette M. Murley, Patricia A. Carroll, Karen Skorupski, Ronald K. Taylor, Stephen B. Calderwood

Dartmouth Scholarship

Epidemic strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 are divided into two biotypes, classical and El Tor. In both biotypes, regulation of virulence gene expression depends on a cascade in which ToxR activates expression of ToxT, and ToxT activates expression of cholera toxin and other virulence genes. In the classical biotype, maximal expression of this ToxR regulon in vitro occurs at 30 degrees C at pH 6.5 (ToxR-inducing conditions), whereas in the El Tor biotype, production of these virulence genes only occurs under very limited conditions and not in response to temperature and pH; this difference between biotypes is mediated at the …

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Fall 1999), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Fall 1999 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Salutes Dr. Finkelstein
• PCOM Updates
• Commencement 2000
• Rethinking Alzheimer's Disease
• A DO Saves Lives Half a World Away
• Follies Leaves PCOM in Stitches
• Alumni Weekend Brings Grads Together
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• “My Turn” Essay
• Save the Date! Winter CME
• Coming Events