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Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Winter 2004), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Winter 2004 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates
• 5 Point Plan
• In Memoriam Albert F. D’Alonzo, DO ’56
• Stem Cell Research
• The O. J. Snyder Memorial Medal Recipient
• Mason W. Pressly Memorial Medal Recipient
• The Closing of Parkview Hospital
• Cover Story: It’s our Move: Creating Training Opportunities in a Shrinking Health Care Delivery System
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn
• PCOM Alumni Weekend 2004
• PCOM Events

Prevalence Of Hepatitis C Virus In Lymphoproliferative Disorders, F. Bilwani, Y. Zaidi, G. N. Kakepoto, Salman Adil, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To study the prevalence of hepatitis C virus in lymphoproliferative disorders.
Methods: A case control prospective study was performed on 143 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and 29 patients with non-hematological malignancies were taken as controls. All the patients in both groups were analyzed for various risk factors for infection with hepatitis C virus and were tested for the presence of hepatitis C virus antibody (anti HCV), cryoglobulins and rheumatoid factor antibody. Hepatitis C viremia was documented by detection of HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction.
Results: There was no significant difference for risk factors for hepatitis …

Low Dose Intravenous Minocycline Is Neuroprotective After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Reperfusion In Rats, Lin Xu, Susan C. Fagan, Jennifer L. Waller, David Edwards, Cesar V. Borlongan, Jianqing Zheng, William D. Hill, Giora Feuerstein, David C. Hess

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, is an effective neuroprotective agent in animal models of cerebral ischemia when given in high doses intraperitoneally. The aim of this study was to determine if minocycline was effective at reducing infarct size in a Temporary Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion model (TMCAO) when given at lower intravenous (IV) doses that correspond to human clinical exposure regimens.

Methods

Rats underwent 90 minutes of TMCAO. Minocycline or saline placebo was administered IV starting at 4, 5, or 6 hours post TMCAO. Infarct volume and neurofunctional tests were carried out at 24 hr after TMCAO using …

Co-Regulation Of Expression Of Phase Ii Metabolizing Enzymes And Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2, Viviana A. Catania, Enrique J. Sánchez Pozzi, Marcelo G. Luquita, María L. Ruiz, Silvina S. M. Villanueva, Brett Jones, Aldo D. Mottino

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Treatment of experimental animals with prototypical enzyme inducers represents a useful tool to characterize the role of different isozymes in drug metabolism and to improve our knowledge on factors regulating their synthesis at the transcriptional level. The effect of model enzyme inducers on phase II (conjugating) enzyme families, including UDP-glucuronosyltransferase’s and glutathione-S-transferase’s, has been well characterized in rodent liver. More recently, the effect of inducers on the expression of canalicular multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) has been focused upon. The identification of a number of conjugated drugs as Mrp2 substrates suggests that both the conjugation and transport systems act coordinately …

Testing The Effectiveness Of Integrating Community-Based Approaches For Encouraging Abandonment Of Female Genital Cutting Into Care's Reproductive Health Programs In Ethiopia And Kenya, Jane Chege, Ian Askew, Susan Igras, Jacinta Muteshi-Strachan

Reproductive Health

CARE International, with technical support from the Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program completed a study in Ethiopia and Kenya designed to test the effectiveness of education activities using behavior change communication (BCC) approaches and advocacy activities by religious and other key leaders to abandon female genital cutting (FGC). In Ethiopia, the increased knowledge of harmful FGC effects and human rights issues translated to a positive attitude in support of FGC abandonment and an intention not to cut their daughters in the future. In Kenya, the analysis indicated mixed results in attitude and intended behavior change.

Experience From A Community-Based Education Program In Burkina Faso: The Tostan Program, Djingri Ouoba, Zakari Congo, Nafissatou J. Diop, Molly Melching, Baya Banza, Georges Guiella, Inge Baumgarten

Reproductive Health

This study describes a project that tested the feasibility and effectiveness of replicating the village empowerment program (VEP) developed by the Senegalese NGO, TOSTAN, in Burkina Faso. Although originally developed for empowering women, the program implemented in Burkina Faso also involved men because of their key role in such decisions. Frontiers in Reproductive Health, with funding from USAID and the GTZ Supra Regional Project for the Elimination of FGC, supported the adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of the VEP model in 23 villages in the province of Bazega/Zoundwéogo. In the existing social climate among the Burkinabé, where there is widespread awareness …

Reversible Obstructive Sleep Apnea And Right Heart Failure Due To Massive Tonsillar Hypertrophy, Mehnaz Atiq, Fatima Masood, Mubasher Ikram, Raana Haqqee

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Obstructive sleep apnea is a relatively common but under diagnosed clinical entity in children. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common cause for upper airway obstruction in pediatric patients. If the obstruction to upper airways is not relieved, then the child can develop obstructive sleep apnea and its consequences. Treatment is simply to remove the obstruction thereby restoring patency of upper airways

Consequences Of A Medical Emergency Among Emergency Room Patients, Waris Qidwai, Ali Ss, M Baqir, Shahana Ayub

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: To study the consequences of a medical emergency among Emergency Room patients, at a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.
Design: A questionnaire-based survey
Settings: Emergency Room of Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Main outcome measures: Consequences of a medical emergency in terms of impact on employment, financial position, family life, social life, recreational life, self-confidence and psyche.
Results: A hundred patients were surveyed. Emergency Room patients feel that they will not have a major impact on their job or employment, as a result of the medical emergency but it will have adverse financial consequences. The …

Cd46-Mediated Transduction Of A Species D Adenovirus Vaccine Improves Mucosal Vaccine Efficacy, Zenaido T. Camacho, Mallory A. Turner, Michael A. Barry, Eric A. Weaver

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The high levels of preexisting immunity against Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) have deemed Ad5 unusable for translation as a human vaccine vector. Low seroprevalent alternative viral vectors may be less impacted by preexisting immunity, but they may also have significantly different phenotypes from that of Ad5. In this study we compare species D Ads (26, 28, and 48) to the species C Ad5. In vitro transduction studies show striking differences between the species C and D viruses. Most notably, Ad26 transduced human dendritic cells much more effectively than Ad5. In vivo imaging studies showed strikingly different transgene expression profiles. The …

Phylogenetic Analyses Of Texas Isolates Indicate An Evolving Subtype Of The Clade B Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses, Eric A. Weaver, Ellen W. Collisson, Margaret Slater, Guan Zhu

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Rigorous phylogenetic analyses were used to compare the nucleotide sequences of feline immunodeficiency virus strains isolated from Texas and throughout the world. The envelope V3-V4 sequences and capsid gene of the Texas isolates formed a cluster between subtypes B and E. Statistical comparisons with other published sequences confirmed that the Texas group is a unique cluster, possibly a new subtype, arising from subtype B.

Traumatic Deep Vein Thrombosis In A Soccer Player: A Case Study, Paul S. Echlin, Ross Eg Upshur, Douglas B. Mckeag, Harsha P. Jayatilake

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

A 42 year-old male former semi-professional soccer player sustained a right lower extremity popliteal contusion during a soccer game. He was clinically diagnosed with a possible traumatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and sent for confirmatory tests. A duplex doppler ultrasound was positive for DVT, and the patient was admitted to hospital for anticoagulation (unfractionated heparin, warfarin). Upon discharge from hospital the patient continued oral warfarin anticoagulation (six months), and the use of compression stockings (nine months). He followed up with his family doctor at regular intervals for serial coagulation measurements, and ultrasound examinations. The patient's only identified major thrombotic …

Ionizing Radiation Induces A Stress Response In Primary Cultures Of Rainbow Trout Skin, Fiona Lyng, M. Lyons-Alcantara, P. Owell, Sharon Ni Shuilleabhain, Colin Seymour, D. Cottell, Carmel Mothersill

Articles

Fish skin is very vulnerable to damage from physical and chemical pollutants because it is in direct contact with the aquatic environment. In this study, the effect of g radiation on primary cultures of rainbow trout skin was investigated. Primary cultures containing two cell types, epidermal cells and goblet mucous cells, were exposed to doses ranging from 0.5–15 Gy 60Co g radiation. Expression of PCNA, c-myc and BCL2 was investigated as well as growth and levels of apoptosis and necrosis. Morphological and functional changes were also studied. The irradiated cultures showed evidence of a dose-dependent increase in necrosis and enhanced …

Linda Lê : Schizo-Positive?, Isabelle Favre

Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature

In her novel entitled "Calomnies", Linda Lê depicts a "mad uncle" and a young female writer fascinated with her uncle’s marginality. In this book, Lê presents a complex view of schizophrenia. Sometimes, the actions and thoughts of the uncle are reminiscent of Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts such as le corps sans organe and la machine célibataire. Some other times however, Lê pays attention to the past of the uncle and shows how, in Vietnam, he witnessed the hypocrisy of his family during the war. These passages are then closer to Laing’s theories, since the environment and conditions in which he …

Determination Of The Optimal Form Of A Dna Vaccine To Induce An Effective Immune Response Against A Murine B-Cell Lymphoma, Deepti Aurora

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Tumor vaccines are a promising alternative to chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer. To be effective and safe, a cancer vaccine should specifically target antigens expressed only on tumor cells. The B-cell tumor-derived Ig receptor may be considered a model tumor antigen for cancer vaccine development. Specifically the immunoglobulin idiotype (ld) encoded by the variable region genes (VH and VL) provides a target antigen. Promising results have been obtained in clinical studies of ld vaccination using ld proteins. However, ld protein is laborious and time-consuming to produce. Gene-based vaccines, on the other hand, are inexpensive and offer ease of manipulation …

The Histological Effects Of Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis On Rabbit Condyles, Eunice Jungmin Hong

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The present study is a histological evaluation of condyles taken from rabbits that underwent either a midline or paramedian distraction osteogenesis procedure on the mandibles. Fifteen rabbits were originally operated on and eight of these fifteen successfully made it through both the distraction osteogenesis procedure and the 1 month holding period that followed. There was one control animal.

In the present study, the condyles from these nine rabbits (1 control, 2 midline distraction osteogenesis, 6 paramedian distraction osteogenesis) were prepared for histological evaluation (18 total). Step serial sections were cut along the coronal plane and the sections from the anterior …

Interleukin-10 And Pathogenesis Of Murine Ocular Toxoplasmosis, Fangli Lu, Shiguang Huang, Lloyd H. Kasper

Dartmouth Scholarship

To understand the role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in ocular toxoplasmosis, we compared C57BL/6 (B6) and BALB/c background mice lacking a functional IL-10 gene (IL-10(-/-)) and B6 transgenic mice expressing IL-10 under the control of the IL-2 promoter. Increased cellular infiltration and necrosis were observed in the eye tissue of IL-10(-/-) mice of both the B6 and BALB/c backgrounds with associated changes in the levels of cytokines in serum. In contrast, there was no evidence of necrosis in the eye tissue from IL-10 transgenic mice following parasite exposure. Our results demonstrate that IL-10 is important in the regulation of inflammation during …

Oncolog, Volume 48, Number 11, November 2003, Sunni Hosemann, Don Norwood

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Laparoscopy Shows a Benefit in a Growing Number of Oncologic Procedures
• Collaboration and Creativity Lead to a New Approach to Spinal Surgery
• Protocols: Studies Test New Surgical Procedures
• House Call: Telling Fact from Fiction on the Internet

Interpreting Hemoglobin And Water Concentration, Oxygen Saturation, And Scattering Measured In Vivo By Near-Infrared Breast Tomography, Subhadra Srinivasan, Brian W. Pogue, Shudong Jiang, Hamid Dehghani, Christine Kogel, Sandra Soho, Jennifer J. Gibson, Tor D. Tosteson, Steven P. Poplack, Keith D. Paulsen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Near-infrared spectroscopic tomography was used to measure the properties of 24 mammographically normal breasts to quantify whole-breast absorption and scattering spectra and to evaluate which tissue composition characteristics can be determined from these spectra. The absorption spectrum of breast tissue allows quantification of (i) total hemoglobin concentration, (ii) hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and (iii) water concentration, whereas the scattering spectrum provides information about the size and number density of cellular components and structural matrix elements. These property data were tested for correlation to demographic information, including subject age, body mass index, breast size, and radiographic …

Transcriptional Inhibition Of Type I Collagen Gene Expression In Scleroderma Fibroblasts By The Antineoplastic Drug Ecteinascidin 743., Natalia Louneva, Biagio Saitta, David J Herrick, Sergio A. Jimenez

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

We previously showed that COL1A1 expression is up-regulated at the transcriptional level in systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts and that the CCAAT-binding factor (CBF) is involved in this increased expression. Ecteinascidin 743 (ET-743) is a chemotherapeutic agent that binds with sequence specificity to the minor groove of DNA and inhibits CBF-mediated transcriptional activation of numerous genes. Therefore, we examined the effects of ET-743 on the increased COL1A1 expression in SSc fibroblasts. The drug caused a potent and dose-dependent inhibition of type I collagen biosynthesis, which reached 70-90% at 700 pM without affecting cell viability. The same drug concentration caused 60-80% reduction …

Oncolog, Volume 48, Number 10, October 2003, Katie Prout Matias, Mariann Crapanzano, Leslie R. Schrover Phd

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• 'Hitting Bladder Cancer on All Fronts': Researchers Focus on Improving Therapies and Identifying Biomarkers Restoring Erectile Function in Patients Treated for Prostate Cancer: Efforts across Disciplines Address Physical, Psychological, and Emotional Factors Related to Sexual Potency
• House Call: Note to Self: Get Screened for Colon Cancer
• DiaLog: Sexual Function and Prostate Cancer: The Importance of Realistic Expectations, by Leslie R. Schover, PhD, Professor, Department of Behavioral Science

Il-7 Enhances Peripheral T Cell Reconstitution After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation., Onder Alpdogan, Stephanie J Muriglan, Jeffrey M Eng, Lucy M Willis, Andrew S Greenberg, Barry J Kappel, Marcel R M Van Den Brink

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

We used clinically relevant murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models to study the mechanisms by which IL-7 administration can improve posttransplant peripheral T cell reconstitution. After transplant we could distinguish two populations of mature donor T cells: (a) alloreactive T cells with decreased expression of CD127 (IL-7 receptor alpha chain) and (b) nonalloreactive T cells, which express CD127 and undergo homeostatic proliferation. IL-7 administration increased the homeostatic proliferation of nonalloreactive T cells, but had no effect on alloreactive T cells and the development of graft-versus-host disease. Allogeneic transplant of purified hematopoietic stem cells and adoptive transfer of thymocytes into …

A Null Mutation For Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinases-3 (Timp-3) Impairs Murine Bronchiole Branching Morphogenesis., Sean E Gill, M Cynthia Pape, Rama Khokha, Andrew J Watson, Kevin J Leco

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We have examined the role of TIMP-3 on ECM homeostasis and bronchiole branching morphogenesis during murine embryogenesis. Employing an in vitro organ culture system, we found decreased bronchiolar branching in null lungs when compared with wild type (WT) counterparts after 2 days in culture. When a synthetic inhibitor of MMPs at low dose was added to the culture system, branching was augmented regardless of genotype. Gelatin and in situ zymography revealed that null lungs exhibited enhanced activation of MMPs throughout lung development. We analysed the impact …

Quantification Of Bone Deposition In Onlay Bone Grafting, Gregory Alan Kammeyer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate; 1) mandibular posterior mono-cortical block onlay bone graft success rates 2) the amount of grafted bone retained after initial resorption in radiographic projections. Seven consecutive patients with 14 mandibular posterior implant sites requiring bone augmentation for implants of a standard 3.8mm x 10mm dimension were sought. Mono-cortical block bone grafts from the ipsilateral ascending ramus were placed then observed with two standardized CT scans, dividing them into two groups: Group A had the first CT at 4 weeks after graft placement and a second taken before Prosthodontic reconstruction, 36.7 weeks later. …

Radiation Effects On Dopamine-Mediated Prepulse Inhibition In The C57bl/6 Mouse, Cara Nicole Zuccarelli Miller

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study examined the effects of proton and gamma radiation on a dopamine-dependent sensory gating mechanism: prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. The purpose of this research was to describe potential hazards of proton radiation to the central nervous system in long-term space fight and for proton therapy patients. Results from previous research indicate that startle behavior is modified by proton and iron radiation. Forty-eight 10-½ week old, male C57BL/6 mice were used to characterize the optimal parameters for the model (prepulse duration, probe duration, and stimulus-onset-asynchrony). Three hundred and fifty two mice were used to characterize the time course …

Seek And Ye Shall Find, Vivian Mcalister

Data and Test Instruments

The United States has relaxed its ban on the importation of Canadian meat cuts from cattle less than 30 months of age. Mexico, too, is reopening its borders to Canadian beef.The principal argument Canada has used to reassure its trading partners is that only one older cow, and none of the 2,700 animals with which that cow came into contact, tested positive for mad-cow disease. Meanwhile, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency has detailed measures it is taking to prevent mad-cow disease, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy, "from entering Canada." Surveillance and testing of animals has been increased.But it's folly to try …

Vegf164-Mediated Inflammation Is Required For Pathological, But Not Physiological, Ischemia-Induced Retinal Neovascularization, Susumu Ishida, Tomohiko Usui, Kenji Yamashiro, Yuichi Kaji, Shiro Amano, Yuichiro Ogura, Tetsuo Hida, Yoshihisa Oguchi, Jayakrishna Ambati, Joan W. Miller, Evangelos S. Gragoudas, Yin-Shan Ng, Patricia A. D'Amore, David T. Shima, Anthony P. Adamis

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Publications

Hypoxia-induced VEGF governs both physiological retinal vascular development and pathological retinal neovascularization. In the current paper, the mechanisms of physiological and pathological neovascularization are compared and contrasted. During pathological neovascularization, both the absolute and relative expression levels for VEGF₁₆₄ increased to a greater degree than during physiological neovascularization. Furthermore, extensive leukocyte adhesion was observed at the leading edge of pathological, but not physiological, neovascularization. When a VEGF₁₆₄-specific neutralizing aptamer was administered, it potently suppressed the leukocyte adhesion and pathological neovascularization, whereas it had little or no effect on physiological neovascularization. In parallel experiments, genetically altered VEGF_{164 …}

Ccr5 Mediates Specific Migration Of Toxoplasma Gondii—Primed Cd8+ Lymphocytes To Inflammatory Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Souphalone Luangsay, Lloyd H. Kasper, Nicolas Rachinel, Laurie A. Minns

Dartmouth Scholarship

Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, can invade intestinal epithelial cells and elicit a robust Th1 immune response. In this model of intestinal inflammation, CD8⁺ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) secrete transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, which appears necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis in the intestine. However, the mechanism responsible for the IEL migration to the inflamed intestine is still unclear.An in vitro coculture cell system was used to quantify the IEL attraction by an infected intestinal epithelial cell line (m-IC_cl2). We used CCR5-deficient mice to determine which chemokine receptor—chemokine interaction could be responsible for the recruitment of …

Use Of In Vivo-Induced Antigen Technology (Iviat) To Identify Genes Uniquely Expressed During Human Infection With Vibrio Cholerae, Long Hang, Manohar John, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Emily A. Bridges, Cecily Vanderspurt, Thomas J. Kirn, Ronald K. Taylor

Dartmouth Scholarship

In vivo-induced antigen technology is a method to identify proteins expressed by pathogenic bacteria during human infection. Sera from 10 patients convalescing from cholera infection in Bangladesh were pooled, adsorbed against in vitro-grown El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1, and used to probe a genomic expression library in Escherichia coli constructed from El Tor V. cholerae O1 strain N16961. We identified 38 positive clones in the screen, encoding pili (PilA and TcpA), cell membrane proteins (PilQ, MshO, MshP, and CapK), methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, chemotaxis and motility proteins (CheA and CheR), a quorum-sensing protein (LuxP), and four hypothetical proteins. Analysis of immune …

Compromised Constitutions: The Iranian Experience With The 1918 Influenza Pandemic., Amir Afkhami

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

The global demographic impact of the 1918-19 influenza pandemic continues to fascinate researchers and scholars. This paper examines the social and demographic effects of this outbreak on Iranian society, through a comprehensive investigation of the modes of transmission and propagation, mortality rates, and other distinctive features of the region, and reveals the importance of taking a country's unique sociopolitical settings into account. Iran was one of the regions hit hardest by the pandemic, with mortality rates significantly higher than in most regions of the world. Though globally the victims of influenza lived primarily in urban areas, it was Iran's rural …

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Fall 2003), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Fall 2003 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates
• The Doctor is out!
• Cover Story: Taking a Closer Look at Forensic Medicine
• Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Research Center
• Class Notes
• Computer Age Meets Office Hours…The Doctor is a Click Away
• In Memoriam
• My Turn
• Andrew Taylor Still Legacy Society
• PCOM Events