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Overview Of Direct Thrombin Inhibitors For Use In Staphylococcus Aereus Infections, Joseph C. Risler

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The pathogenicity and intractable nature of the microorganism Staphylococcus aureus (SA) has been long documented and highlighted by many health care agencies, with emphasis on its ability to exploit the human coagulation system to deadly effect. Two drugs from a class of inhibitors known as Direct Thrombin Inhibitors (DTI) have been shown to have a substantial effect on the enzyme secreted by SA known as Staphylocoagulase (SC), but up until now the application of this potential treatment has been limited. This paper strives to supply an overview of these clinical studies and propose a novel protocol for testing DTI's on …

Can Nanotechnology Be The Leading Method In Detecting And Treating Cerebral Tumors?, Daniel D. Singh, Zuri Jules-Culver

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Nanotechnology refers to the manipulation or design of materials and structures with desired features in the 1nm–1000 nm size range. The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle that drugs must overcome in order to reach tumor cells. The role of this barrier is to transport essential nutrients while protecting and regulating the internal environment. Nanoparticles have been shown to transport drugs through this barrier and accumulate in tumor cells. This is significant since nanoparticles are drug carriers allowing chemotherapeutic drugs to accumulate in target areas (Sun et al., 2017). This is possible because they are able to be …

Murine Mpdz-Linked Hydrocephalus Is Caused By Hyperpermeability Of The Choroid Plexus., Junning Yang, Claire Simonneau, Robert Kilker, Laura Oakley, Matthew D. Byrne, Zuzana Nichtova, Ioana Stefanescu, Fnu Pardeep-Kumar, Sushil Tripathi, Eric Londin, Pascale Saugier-Veber, Belinda Willard, Mathew Thakur, Stephen Pickup, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Horst Schroten, Richard Smeyne, Arie Horowitz

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

Though congenital hydrocephalus is heritable, it has been linked only to eight genes, one of which is MPDZ Humans and mice that carry a truncated version of MPDZ incur severe hydrocephalus resulting in acute morbidity and lethality. We show by magnetic resonance imaging that contrast medium penetrates into the brain ventricles of mice carrying a Mpdz loss-of-function mutation, whereas none is detected in the ventricles of normal mice, implying that the permeability of the choroid plexus epithelial cell monolayer is abnormally high. Comparative proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of normal and hydrocephalic mice revealed up to a 53-fold increase …

Mechanism Of Nanogp8 In Glioblastoma Multiforme, Jonhoi Smith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an incurable brain tumor, with patients only expecting to live 15 to 16 months post-diagnosis with the most current treatments options including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. How GBM resist treatment is still not very well known. However, cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subset of cells in GBM tissue considered responsible for therapeutic resistance and the poor patient prognosis. NANOG, a homeobox gene, is responsible for maintaining pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and is observed in CSCs. NANOGP8, a retrogene in the NANOG family is expressed in CSCs and provides cells with stem-like characteristics previously observed in …

Development Of A Functional Testing Platform For The Sensory Segment Of The Neuromuscular Reflex Arc, Alisha Colon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Investigations of human biology and disease have been hindered by the use of animal models. The information obtained from such studies often results in clinically irrelevant results and drug trial failures. Additionally, several governing bodies have been formulating legislation to move away from animal models and toward more ethical and efficient testing platforms for drug discovery and cosmetic research. As an answer to these issues, "body-on-a-chip" systems have been a rapidly developing field which easily recapitulates in vivo functionality, providing a more relevant, repeatable, and ethical testing platform to better predict biology. These systems can be used as human-based testing …

Health Care Evolves From Reactive To Proactive., Scott A. Waldman, Andre Terzic

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Decoding health and disease pathways drives healthcare evolution. Historically, therapeutic paradigms have relied on interventions that mitigate symptoms of established diseases. Increasingly, molecular insights into pathophysiology now provide unprecedented opportunities to offer curative solutions or even prevent disease and thereby secure longitudinal wellness. These opportunities extend past individual patients to entire populations and geographies. Moreover, they optimize prospective healthspan across lifespan. Linking discovery science and its translatable innovations beyond reactive disease intervention to proactive prevention will maximize society’s returns creating the greatest benefit for the greatest number of people globally.

Long-Term Outcomes Of Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection And Treatment, Genesis M. Brador

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection globally is high, and although there is no cure for it, the antiviral drug acyclovir is used to alleviate symptoms. There are two types of HSV: HSV-1, which typically infects the oral area, and HSV-2, which is associated with genital infections. A mother who carries the infection may transmit it to a neonate in different ways, most commonly via vaginal delivery in the presence of active lesions. There are three types of HSV disease that affect newborns: skin, eyes or mouth (SEM) disease, central nervous system (CNS) disease, or disseminated disease. The …

Reverting Immune Suppression To Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy., Bella S Guerrouahen, Cristina Maccalli, Chiara Cugno, Sergio Rutella, Emmanuel T Akporiaye

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Tumors employ strategies to escape immune control. The principle aim of most cancer immunotherapies is to restore effective immune surveillance. Among the different processes regulating immune escape, tumor microenvironment-associated soluble factors, and/or cell surface-bound molecules are mostly responsible for dysfunctional activity of tumor-specific CD8

Is Body Mass Index A Risk Factor For Low Cerebral Oxygenation During Spinal Anesthesia In Women Undergoing Cesarean Section? A Preliminary Study, Gülçi̇n Aydin, Cemi̇le Dayangan Sayan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cerebral oxygenation during spinal anesthesia in women undergoing cesarean section. This study also aimed to demonstrate whether fetal cord blood oxygenation was affected by maternal BMI and/or delivery time.Materials and methods: The study included parturients with ASA I score undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia in 2015 and 2016. They were divided into two groups according to BMI: Group 1 comprised parturients with BMI of

Novel Hybrid Analogs Of Estrone Origin Exhibits Cytotoxic Effects Against Egfr-Dependent Cancers, Felix Acheampong

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cancer is second only to cardiovascular illnesses as the deadliest human disease globally. Currently, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) are the most frequent types of cancer and have the highest mortalities. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a central regulator of tumor progression, is frequently overexpressed in both cancers and is a key clinical target for therapeutic intervention. Natural products and their synthetic analogs have been utilized as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with potent antitumor effects. However, acquired resistance limits the long-term efficacy of these drugs. Estrone has been used as a scaffold in …

Abnormal Response Of Costal Chondrocytes To Acidosis In Patients With Chest Wall Deformity, A. Asmar, Iurii Semenov, R. Kelly Jr., Michael Stacey

Bioelectrics Publications

Costal cartilage is much understudied compared to the load bearing cartilages. Abnormally grown costal cartilages are associated with the inherited chest wall deformities pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum resulting in sunken or pigeon chest respectively. A lack of understanding of the ultrastructural and molecular biology properties of costal cartilage is a major confounder in predicting causes and outcomes of these disorders. Due to the avascular nature of cartilage, chondrocytes metabolize glycolytically, producing an acidic environment. During physical activity hydrogen ions move within cartilage driven by compressive forces, thus at any one time, chondrocytes experience transient changes in pH. A variety …

Metabolism Reprogramming In Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Human Lung Carcinogenesis, James Tate Fortin Wise

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is an established human carcinogen that is a worldwide environmental health concern. It is well understood that reactive oxygen species, genomic instability, and DNA damage repair deficiency are important contributors to Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. After decades of research some cancer hallmarks remain understudied for the mechanism of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis. Dysregulated cellular energetics have been established as a hallmark of cancer. Energy pathways that become dysregulated in cancer include mitochondrial respiration, lipogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, one carbon metabolism, and increased anaerobic glycolysis in the presence of oxygen or ‘Warburg effect’.

To investigate metabolism changes in Cr(VI) carcinogenesis, we exposed …

การศึกษานำร่องประสิทธิภาพของการใช้ Hirsuit G2b ในการฟื้นฟูผมสีเทาให้กลับมามีสีธรรมชาติ, วรภัทร ลิ้มสุทธิวันภูมิ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ที่มา: ผมขาวเป็นกระบวนการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกิดขึ้นตามวัย (chronological aging) โดยไม่ขึ้นกับเพศ และเป็นสาเหตุทำให้ผู้ป่วยเสียความมั่นใจในตัวเอง แต่ปัจจุบันงานวิจัยเกี่ยวกับวิธีการรักษาผมขาวมีจำกัด การรักษาหลัก คือการย้อมผม วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อประเมินประสิทธิภาพและความปลอดภัยของการใช้ HIRSUIT G2B ในการฟื้นฟูผมสีเทาให้กลับมามีสีธรรมชาติในผู้ชาย วิธีการศึกษา: อาสาสมัครเพศชายที่มีปริมาณผมขาวบริเวณขมับอย่างน้อยร้อยละ 30 จำนวน 24 คน ทาผลิตภัณฑ์วิจัย HIRSUIT G2B บริเวณขมับ 2 ข้าง วันละ 2 ครั้ง 24 สัปดาห์ ประเมินผลการรักษาโดย ดูการเปลี่ยนแปลงจำนวนผมสีขาวไปเป็นสีเทา หรือ สีดำ ด้วยเครื่อง FotoFinder Trichovision®, วัดค่าดัชนีความสว่าง ด้วยเครื่อง Chroma meter และ การประเมินผลการตอบสนองทางคลินิกในภาพรวม โดยใช้ Investigator Photographic Assessment Questionnaire (IPAQ) โดยเปรียบเทียบรูปภาพที่บันทึกจากกล้องดิจิตอล กับ เครื่อง VISIA® Complexion Analysis (โหมดมาตรฐาน และยูวี) เก็บข้อมูลก่อน และหลังการรักษาที่ 4, 8, 12 และ 24 สัปดาห์ ผลการศึกษา: จากผลการศึกษาพบว่า จำนวนผมขาวเฉลี่ยลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญจาก 18.39 ± 12.9 เป็น 17 ± 12.7 เส้น ที่ 24 สัปดาห์ (P < .001) การวิเคราะห์กลุ่มย่อย พบ กลุ่มอาสาสมัครที่ตอบสนองดี (จำนวนผมสีขาวเฉลี่ยลดลง มากกว่าหรือเท่ากับ ร้อยละ 10) มีระยะเวลาเฉลี่ยที่มีภาวะผมขาว เท่ากับ 6.6 ปี น้อยกว่า กลุ่มอาสาสมัครที่ตอบสนองไม่ดี (จำนวนผมสีขาวเฉลี่ยลดลง น้อยกว่า ร้อยละ 10) ที่มีระยะเวลาเฉลี่ยที่มีภาวะผมขาว เท่ากับ 11.58 ปี แต่ไม่ต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ส่วนอายุเฉลี่ยที่เริ่มมีภาวะผมขาว ในกลุ่มอาสาสมัครที่ตอบสนองดี กับ กลุ่มอาสาสมัครที่ตอบสนองไม่ดี ไม่แตกต่างกัน, ค่าเฉลี่ยดัชนีความสว่างลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ที่ 24 สัปดาห์ โดยลดลง 6.37 จากค่าเริ่มต้นที่ 26.89 ± 8.66 ([95% CI, -8.03 ถึง -4.71]; P <0.001) ขณะที่ investigator photographic assessment questionnaire พบว่าค่า median (range) ของคะแนนที่ 24 สัปดาห์ เท่ากับ 1+ (0 – 2+) เพิ่มขึ้นจากที่ 4 สัปดาห์ ซึ่งเท่ากับ 0 (0 – 1+) อย่างมีนัยยะสำคัญทางสถิติ (p < .001) นอกจากนี้ สัดส่วนของผู้ที่ตอบสนองต่อการรักษา (คะแนนมากกว่าหรือเท่ากับ 1+) เพิ่มขึ้นจากร้อยละ 45.5 ที่ 4 สัปดาห์ เป็นร้อยละ 81.8 ที่ 24 สัปดาห์ แต่ไม่มีผู้ตอบสนองต่อการรักษาระดับดีมาก (คะแนนเท่ากับ 3+) ในแง่ความปลอดภัย หลังจากใช้ยาไป 4 สัปดาห์ พบว่าอาสาสมัครมีอาการคัน 2 คน, ระคายเคือง 2 คน โดยอาการเป็นชั่วคราว หายเอง ไม่ต้องรับการรักษา อย่างไรก็ตามเมื่อติดตามไปจนถึงสัปดาห์ที่ 24 ไม่พบอาสาสมัครที่มาอาการคัน หรือ ระคายเคือง สรุปผล: การทาผลิตภัณฑ์วิจัย HIRSUIT G2B ทำให้เส้นผมสีเข้มขึ้น โดยจำนวนผมขาวจะกลายเป็นสีดำมากขึ้น หากระยะเวลาที่มีผมขาวไม่นาน นอกจากนี้ หากระยะเวลาการทานานขึ้น อาจจะเห็นผลการรักษามากขึ้น และ ไม่พบผลข้างเคียงรุนแรง

ความสามารถในการทำงานและปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องของบุคลากรทางการแพทย์สูงอายุในโรงพยาบาลตติยภูมิแห่งหนึ่งในกรุงเทพมหานคร, ศรวิทย์ โอสถศิลป์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงพรรณนา ณ จุดใดจุดหนึ่ง มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาถึงความสามารถในการทำงานและปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องของบุคลากรทางการแพทย์สูงอายุในโรงพยาบาลตติยภูมิแห่งหนึ่งในกรุงเทพมหานคร กลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นบุคลากรทางการแพทย์ที่มีอายุตั้งแต่ 45 ปีขึ้นไป จำนวน 285 คน คัดเลือกโดยการสุ่มตัวอย่างแบบชั้นภูมิตามสัดส่วนของแต่ละกลุ่มอาชีพ เครื่องมือที่ใช้คือแบบสอบถามดัชนีชี้วัดความสามารถในการทำงาน (Work ability index) ฉบับภาษาไทย และแบบสอบถามเกี่ยวกับปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับความสามารถในการทำงาน ข้อมูลจะถูกวิเคราะห์ด้วยสถิติเชิงพรรณาและการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยโลจิสติกแบบเชิงชั้น ผลการวิจัย พบว่ากลุ่มตัวอย่างส่วนใหญ่มีระดับความสามารถในการทำงานอยู่ในระดับดี จำนวน 166 คน (ร้อยละ 58.2) และดัชนีชี้วัดความสามารถในการทำงานเฉลี่ยอยู่ที่ 38.8 คะแนน (SD = 4.50) และโดยปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์ ได้แก่ เคยมีประวัติการสูบบุหรี่ (ORadj = 11.43, 95% CI = 1.78 – 73.36) มีสิ่งแวดล้อมในการทำงานที่ไม่ดีในด้านการยศาสตร์ (ORadj = 4.22, 95% CI = 1.80 – 9.90) กลุ่มอาชีพแพทย์ (ORadj = 12.36, 95% CI = 2.15 – 71.00) มีความขัดแย้งกันกับบุคคลในครอบครัว (ORadj = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.14 – 6.06) เพศชาย (ORadj = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01 - 0.32) ระดับการศึกษาสูงสุดสูงกว่าปริญญาตรี (ORadj = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.14 – 0.93) และรายได้ต่อเดือนมากกว่าทุก 1 พันบาท (ORadj = 0.95, 95% …

Functional And Transcriptomic Changes In Synergy Of Endotoxin And (1->3)-Β-D-Glucan In Bone Marrow Derived Macrophage From Fc Gamma Receptor Iib Deficient Mice, Jiraphorn Issara-Amphorn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a diverse array of clinical symptoms. There are many factors including environmental factors may trigger disease progression. In this study, we investigated the influence of spontaneous gut leakage upon polymicrobial sepsis in Fc gamma receptor IIb deficient (FcgRIIb-/-) mice aged 8 and 40 weeks, as representing asymptomatic and symptomatic lupus, respectively. The spontaneous gut leakage as determined by i) the level of serum FITC-dextran, ii) increased serum endotoxin (LPS), and iii) increased serum (1->3)-b-D-glucan (BG), were demonstrated in symptomatic FcgRIIb-/- mice, but not in asymptomatic group. Moreover, spontaneous gut leakage …

Effects Of Non-Albicans Candida Species On Biofilm Formation And Acidogenicity Of Dual-Species Biofilms And On Cariogenic Virulence Gene Expression Of Streptococcus Mutans, Wirunphat Sansanoa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Early childhood caries is a common oral disease found in children which could affect their general health. Streptococcus mutans is an important cariogenic pathogen since it possesses cariogenic properties, which are acid production, acid tolerance and biofilm formation. Recent studies showed that Candida albicans, which is frequently found together with S. mutans in plaques of children with dental caries, enhances cariogenicity. At the same time, increasing prevalence of non-albicans Candida species (NACs) in children and immune-compromised patients has been reported. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of NACs when co-cultured with S. mutans on cariogenic properties and virulence …

Mental Imagery Practice As A Therapy For Naming Impairments: A Preliminary Study, Subhash Bhatnagar, Bridget Patek, Yasmeen Khan-Ansari, Naveen K. Bansal, Hugh Buckingham, Lotfi Hacein-Bey

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Anomia remains one of the most recalcitrant linguistic disruptions in aphasia to treat. Developing successful interventions to address the word-finding deficits are complicated by the post-stroke symptom variability and inconsistent recovery patterns associated with anomia. Most of the current treatment methods, with a focus on specific compensating techniques and the repetitive practice of a limited set of items, have had variable success in naming treatment. However, it has not been possible to predict the gains in generalizing the learning beyond the stimuli used in practice or the controlled clinical setting. In this preliminary case study, we explore the value …

Inhibition Of Cancer Stem Cells By Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics, Connor P. O'Hara

Theses and Dissertations

Connor O’Hara July 29, 2019

Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cells by Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics

In the United States cancer is the second leading cause of death, with colorectal cancer (CRC) being the third deadliest cancer and expected to cause over 51,000 fatalities in 2019 alone.¹ The current standard of care for CRC depends largely on the staging, location, and presence of metastasis.² As the tumor grows and invades nearby lymph tissue and blood vessels, CRC has the opportunity to invade not only nearby tissue but also metastasize into the liver and lung (most commonly).³ The 5-year survival rate …

A Synthetic Agonist To Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptor-2 Induces Regulatory T Cell Neuroprotective Activities In Models Of Parkinson's Disease, R. Lee Mosley, Yaman Lu, Katherine E. Olson, Jatin Machhi, Wenhui Yan, Krista L. Namminga, Jenell R. Smith, Scott J. Shandler, Howard Gendelman

Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience

A paradigm shift has emerged in Parkinson's disease (PD) highlighting the prominent role of CD4⁺ Tregs in pathogenesis and treatment. Bench to bedside research, conducted by others and our own laboratories, advanced a neuroprotective role for Tregs making pharmacologic transformation of immediate need. Herein, a vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-2 (VIPR2) peptide agonist, LBT-3627, was developed as a neuroprotectant for PD-associated dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Employing both 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and α-synuclein (α-Syn) overexpression models in rats, the sequential administration of LBT-3627 increased Treg activity without altering cell numbers both in naïve animals and during progressive nigrostriatal degeneration. LBT-3627 administration was linked to …

Autonomic And Redox Imbalance Correlates With T-Lymphocyte Inflammation In A Model Of Chronic Social Defeat Stress, Cassandra M. Moshfegh, Safwan K. Elkhatib, Christopher W. Collins, Allison J. Kohl, Adam J. Case

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

Patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at a significantly elevated risk of developing comorbid inflammatory conditions, but the mechanisms underlying this predilection remain unclear. Our previous work has shown that T-lymphocytes exposed to elevated levels of norepinephrine (NE) displayed a pro-inflammatory signature reminiscent of an autoreactive phenotype. With this, we hypothesized that the increased sympathetic tone observed during psychological trauma may be promoting pro-inflammatory T-lymphocytes, which causes a predisposition to comorbid inflammatory conditions. Here, we examined the consequences of psychological trauma on splenic T-lymphocytes using a mouse model of repeated social defeat stress. Social defeat led to anxiety-like …

Afatinib And Temozolomide Combination Inhibits Tumorigenesis By Targeting Egfrviii-Cmet Signaling In Glioblastoma Cells, Raghupathy Vengoji, Muzafar A. Macha, Rama Krishna Nimmakayala, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Kavita Mallya, Santhi Gorantla, Maneesh Jain, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Surinder K. Batra, Nicole Shonka

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with universal recurrence and poor prognosis. The recurrence is largely driven by chemoradiation resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its mutant EGFRvIII are amplified in ~ 60% and ~ 30% of GBM patients, respectively; however, therapies targeting EGFR have failed to improve disease outcome. EGFRvIII-mediated cross-activation of tyrosine kinase receptor, cMET, regulates GBM CSC maintenance and promote tumor recurrence. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of pan-EGFR inhibitor afatinib and Temozolomide (TMZ) combination on GBM in vitro and in vivo.

METHODS: We analyzed the effect of afatinib and …

Trefoil Factor(S) And Ca19.9: A Promising Panel For Early Detection Of Pancreatic Cancer, Rahat Jahan, Koelina Ganguly, Lynette M. Smith, Pranita Atri, Joseph Carmicheal, Yuri Sheinin, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Randall E. Brand, Muzafar A. Macha, Paul M. Grandgenett, Sukhwinder Kaur, Surinder K. Batra

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

BACKGROUND: Trefoil factors (TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3) are small secretory molecules that recently have gained significant attention in multiple studies as an integral component of pancreatic cancer (PC) subtype-specific gene signature. Here, we comprehensively investigated the diagnostic potential of all the member of trefoil family, i.e., TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 in combination with CA19.9 for detection of PC.

METHODS: Trefoil factors (TFFs) gene expression was analyzed in publicly available cancer genome datasets, followed by assessment of their expression in genetically engineered spontaneous mouse model (GEM) of PC (KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre (KC)) and in human tissue microarray consisting of normal pancreas adjacent …

Protective Effects Of Ghrelin On Kidney Tissue In Rats With Partial Ureteral Obstruction, Serhan Çi̇men, Cemal Taşdemi̇r, Ni̇gar Vardi, Burhan Ateş, Seda Taşdemi̇r, Ayla Özaydoğdu Çi̇men

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim was to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of ghrelin, which has antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity, on preventing kidney damage that occurs by induced partial ureteral obstruction in rats.Materials and methods: Twenty-eight adult male rats were included in the study, and the rats were divided into 4 groups. After the laparotomy operation on the sham group, the ureter was identified in the retroperitoneal area and was duly sutured (n = 7). Ghrelin was administered for seven days intraperitoneally, and after the nephrectomy performed on the 15th day, the rats were sacrificed (n = 7). A partial ureteral …

Three Dimensional Printing And Biomaterials In The Repairment Of Bone Defects; Hydroxyapatite Pla Filaments, İsmai̇l Kaya, Meryem Cansu Şahi̇n, İlker Deni̇z Ci̇ngöz, Nevi̇n Aydin, Murat Atar, Ceren Kizmazoğlu, Sali̇h Kavuncu, Hasan Emre Aydin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Application fields of bone tissue engineering studies continue to expand. New biocompatible materials aimed to improve bone repairment and regeneration of implants are being discovered everyday by scientists, engineers, and surgeons. Our objective in this study is to combine polylactic acid which is a polymer with hydroxyapatite in the repairment of bone defects considering the increased need by medical application fields. Materials and methods: After 750 g of PLA with a diameter of 2.85 mm was granulated into minimum particles, these particles were homogenously mixed with hydroxyapatite prepared in laboratory environment. Using this mixture, HA-PLA filament with a diameter …

Association Between Ppargc1a Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms And Increased Risk Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Iranian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Leila Saremi, Shirin Lotfipanah, Masumeh Mohammadi, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Zahra Hosseini-Khah, Behrooz Johari, Zohreh Saltanatpour

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Environmental and genetic factors may play a major role in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among people with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on the fact that PGC-1?, as the protein encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, plays a key role in energy metabolism pathways, it has been hypothesized that polymorphisms within the PPARGC1Agene may be associated with increased risks of NAFLD. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the Gly482Ser polymorphism (rs8192678) within the PPARGC1A gene and its association with the increased risk of NAFLD in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods: …

Understanding Diabetes Through Pathway Analysis Evaluation, London Cavaletto

Research Opportunities for Engineering Undergraduates (ROEU) Program 2018-19

Metabolic disorders affect many people and identifying significantly perturbed biological processes in a metabolic disease can provide valuable insight into the disease’s mechanisms. Evaluating the proposed Metabolic Pathway Analysis Method (RAMP) will enable us to reliably use it to identify significantly perturbed metabolic pathways that could help identify disease mechanisms and potential therapy targets or disease bio-markers of a metabolic disorder.

Erbb3 Signaling And Its Effect On Spheroid Formation In Ovarian Cancer, Muskan Bansal, Danielle Burke, Mara P. Steinkamp

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

ErbB3 is a receptor tyrosine kinase in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Like other family members, it has an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular kinase domain. ErbB3 requires interactions with other receptors and dimerizes with ErbB2 and MET, to activate downstream signaling pathways. Mutations in the ErbB3 gene within the extracellular and kinase domains have been identified in many cancer types. To understand the impact of ErbB3 on cancer growth and metastasis, the human ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR8, was used as a model. Parental OVCAR8 cells that express ErbB2 and ErbB3 were compared …

Therapeutic Targeting Of Relaxin Signaling In Ischemic Heart Disease, Siva Teja Vk Devarakonda

Theses and Dissertations

Ischemic heart disease is characterized by reduced perfusion of oxygenated blood to the myocardium, potentially resulting in infarction upon occlusion of coronary arteries. While prompt reperfusion and advances in in-hospital care have led to a decline in short term mortality, sustained damage to the ventricle, along with reperfusion injury, can lead to progressive deterioration in cardiac function. Limiting the extent of this initial ischemia-reperfusion injury and combating the course of adverse remodeling remains the scope of several preclinical studies geared towards improving cardiac health after MI. To this, relaxin-2 – the peptide hormone that regulates maternal hemodynamic function during pregnancy …

Mechanisms Of Trinucleotide Repeat Instability During Dna Synthesis, Kara Y. Chan

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

Genomic instability, in the form of gene mutations, insertions/deletions, and gene amplifications, is one of the hallmarks in many types of cancers and other inheritable genetic disorders. Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) disorders, such as Huntington’s disease (HD) and Myotonic dystrophy (DM) can be inherited and repeats may be extended through subsequent generations. However, it is not clear how the CAG repeats expand through generations in HD. Two possible repeat expansion mechanisms include: 1) polymerase mediated repeat extension; 2) persistent TNR hairpin structure formation persisting in the genome resulting in expansion after subsequent cell division. Recent in vitro studies suggested that a …

Novel Amphiphilic Cyclobutene And Cyclobutane Cis-C18 Fatty Acid Derivatives Inhibit Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis Growth, Denise K. Zinniel, Wantanee Sittiwong, Darrell D. Marshall, Govardhan Rathnaiah, Isin T. Sakallioglu, Robert Powers, Patrick H. Dussault, Raul G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiologic agent of Johne’s disease in ruminants and has been associated with Crohn’s disease in humans. An effective control of Map by either vaccines or chemoprophylaxis is a paramount need for veterinary and possibly human medicine. Given the importance of fatty acids in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids and the mycobacterial cell wall, we tested novel amphiphilic C₁₀ and C₁₈ cyclobutene and cyclobutane fatty acid derivatives for Map inhibition. Microdilution minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) with 5 or 7 week endpoints were measured in Middlebrook 7H9 base broth media. We compared the …