Digital Commons Network^™

Ion Suppression Correction And Normalization For Non-Targeted Metabolomics, Iqbal Mahmud, Bo Wei, Lucas Veillon, Lin Tan, Sara Martinez, Bao Tran, Alexander Raskind, Felice De Jong, Yiwei Liu, Jibin Ding, Yun Xiong, Wai-Kin Chan, Rehan Akbani, John N Weinstein, Chris Beecher, Philip L Lorenzi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Ion suppression is a major problem in mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics; it can dramatically decrease measurement accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. Here we report a method, the IROA TruQuant Workflow, that uses a stable isotope-labeled internal standard (IROA-IS) library plus companion algorithms to: 1) measure and correct for ion suppression, and 2) perform Dual MSTUS normalization of MS metabolomic data. We evaluate the method across ion chromatography (IC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-MS systems in both positive and negative ionization modes, with clean and unclean ion sources, and across different biological matrices. Across the broad range …

Multimorbidity And Peak Oxygen Uptake In Patients Undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation, Pauline F. Gomes, Audry Chacin-Suarez, Sophie A. Miller, Karen M. Fischer, Thomas P. Olson

Einstein Health Papers

No abstract provided.

Plant-Nanoparticles Enhance Anti-Pd-L1 Efficacy By Shaping Human Commensal Microbiota Metabolites, Yun Teng, Chao Luo, Xiaolan Qiu, Jingyao Mu, Mukesh K Sriwastva, Qingbo Xu, Minmin Liu, Xin Hu, Fangyi Xu, Lifeng Zhang, Juw Won Park, Jae Yeon Hwang, Maiying Kong, Zhanxu Liu, Xiang Zhang, Raobo Xu, Jun Yan, Michael L Merchant, Craig J Mcclain, Huang-Ge Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Diet has emerged as a key impact factor for gut microbiota function. However, the complexity of dietary components makes it difficult to predict specific outcomes. Here we investigate the impact of plant-derived nanoparticles (PNP) on gut microbiota and metabolites in context of cancer immunotherapy with the humanized gnotobiotic mouse model. Specifically, we show that ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticle (GELN) preferentially taken up by Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae mediated by digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and glycine, respectively. We further demonstrate that GELN aly-miR159a-3p enhances anti-PD-L1 therapy in melanoma by inhibiting the expression of recipient bacterial phospholipase C (PLC) and increases the accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid …

Short Duration Of Antenatal Corticosteroid Exposure And Outcomes In Extremely Preterm Infants, Sanjay Chawla, Myra H Wyckoff, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Matthew A Rysavy, Ravi Mangal Patel, Dhuly Chowdhury, Abhik Das, Rachel G Greenberg, Girija Natarajan, Seetha Shankaran, Edward F Bell, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Noelle E Younge, Abbot R Laptook, Leeann R Pavlek, Carl H Backes, Krisa P Van Meurs, Erika F Werner, Waldemar A Carlo, National Institute Of Child Health And Human Development (Nichd) Neonatal Research Network (Nrn)

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: When preterm delivery is imminent, it remains unclear whether the timing from administration of antenatal betamethasone to birth may reduce mortality and morbidity among extremely preterm infants.

Objective: To evaluate the association of duration from exposure to first dose of antenatal betamethasone with outcomes among extremely preterm infants.

Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study enrolled infants born at 22 0/7 to 27 6/7 weeks' gestation from January 2016 to February 2021 at National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network centers. Infants exposed to multiple doses of antenatal betamethasone, infants who did not receive intensive …

Dairy Consumption And The Colonic Mucosa-Associated Gut Microbiota In Humans-A Preliminary Investigation, Ellie Chen, Nadim J Ajami, Donna L White, Yanhong Liu, Shawn Gurwara, Kristi Hoffman, David Y Graham, Hashem B El-Serag, Joseph F Petrosino, Li Jiao

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Dairy consumption has been associated with various health outcomes that may be mediated by changes in gut microbiota.

Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between the colonic mucosa-associated gut microbiota and the self-reported intake of total dairy, milk, cheese, and yogurt. A total of 97 colonic mucosal biopsies collected from 34 polyp-free individuals were analyzed. Dairy consumption in the past year was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The 16S rRNA gene V4 region was amplified and sequenced. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) classification was performed using the UPARSE and SILVA databases. OTU diversity and relative abundance were compared …

Educating Medical Students In Sleep, Diet, And Exercise To Determine Effects On Their Treatment Plan Development For Future Patients, Paul Jackson, Wyatt Edgekoski, Kaleb Gustavsen, Andrew Payne

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

The Mitochondria As An Emerging Target Of Self- Renewal In T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Majd Al-Hamaly, Evelyn Winter, Jessica S. Blackburn

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common leukemia in children, with the T-cell subtype (T- ALL) accounting for 15% of those cases. Despite advancements in the treatment of T-ALL, patients still face a dismal prognosis following their first relapse. Relapse can be attributed to the inability of chemotherapy agents to eradicate leukemia stem cells (LSC), which possess self-renewal capabilities and are responsible for the long-term maintenance of the disease. Mitochondria have been recognized as a therapeutic vulnerability for cancer stem cells, including LSCs. Mitocans have shown promise in T-ALL both in vitro and in vivo, with some currently in …

Effectiveness Of The Primary Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine Against The Risk Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection And Tuberculosis Disease: A Meta-Analysis Of Individual Participant Data, Puck T Pelzer, Logan Stuck, Leonardo Martinez, Alexandra S Richards, Carlos Acuña-Villaorduña, Naomi E Aronson, Maryline Bonnet, Anna C Carvalho, Pei-Chun Chan, Li-Min Huang, Chi-Tai Fang, Gavin Churchyard, Helena Del Corral-Londoño, Manjula Datta, Marcos A Espinal, Katherine Fielding, Andrew J Fiore-Gartland, Alberto Garcia-Basteiro, Willem Hanekom, Mark Hatherill, Phillip C Hill, Helena Huerga, Edward C Jones-López, Afranio Kritski, Anna M Mandalakas, Punam Mangtani, Eduardo Martins Netto, Harriet Mayanja, Rufaida Mazahir, Megan Murray, Molebogeng Rangaka, Thomas Scriba, Jitendra Singh, Sarman Singh, Catherine M Stein, Johan Vekemans, Lilly M Verhagen, Julian A Villalba, Anne Wajja, Basilea Watson, Richard G White, Frank G J Cobelens

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Tuberculosis vaccine trials using disease as the primary endpoint are large, time consuming, and expensive. An earlier immunological measure of the protection against disease would accelerate tuberculosis vaccine development. We aimed to assess whether the effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was consistent with that for prevention of tuberculosis disease.

Methods: We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis on experimental and observational longitudinal studies before April 6, 2018, identified through systematic reviews, known to us through expert knowledge in the field, reporting on BCG vaccination status, M tuberculosis infection test (QuantiFERON …

In Vitro Hydrolysis Of Areca Nut Xenobiotics In Human Liver, Vincenzo Paolillo, Mahendran Jayakumar, Colton Sheperd, Andrew Tran, Stephanie Hoang, Nhu Dao, Parag Jain, Alan L Myers

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Areca nut (AN) is a substance of abuse consumed by millions worldwide, in spite of established oral and systemic toxicities associated with its use. Previous research demonstrates methyl ester alkaloids in the AN, such as arecoline and guvacoline, exhibit mood-altering and toxicological effects. Nonetheless, their metabolism has not been fully elucidated in humans. In the present study, an HPLC-UV bioanalytical method was developed to evaluate the hydrolytic kinetics and clearance rates of arecoline and guvacoline in human liver microsomes (HLM) and cytosol (HLC). The bioassay was capable of quantifying arecoline and guvacoline (and carboxylate metabolites arecaidine and guvacine, respectively) with …

Immigration Status Checks, Emergency Medicaid Utilization, And Health Care Access For Uninsured Individuals With Kidney Disease, Katherine Rizzolo, Ryan Murray, Jade Teakell, Eric Kerns, Prakrati Acharya, Priti Patel, Prachi Sharma, Lilia Cervantes

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

The Metabolic Basis Of Cancer-Related Fatigue, Robert Dantzer, Brandon Chelette, Elisabeth G Vichaya, A Phillip West, Aaron Grossberg

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Although we are all familiar with the sensation of fatigue, there are still profound divergences on what it represents and its mechanisms. Fatigue can take various forms depending on the condition in which it develops. Cancer-related fatigue is considered a symptom of exhaustion that is often present at the time of diagnosis, increases in intensity during cancer therapy, and does not always recede after completion of treatment. It is usually attributed to the inflammation induced by damage-associated molecular patterns released by tumor cells during cancer progression and in response to its treatment. In this review, we argue that it is …

Adipose Tissue Deficiency Impairs Transient Lipid Accumulation And Delays Liver Regeneration Following Partial Hepatectomy In Male Seipin Knockout Mice, Qianqian Dong, Ziwei Liu, Yidan Ma, Xin Chen, Xiaowei Wang, Jinye Tang, Kexin Ma, Chenxi Liang, Mengyu Wang, Xiaoqin Wu, Yang Liu, Yaru Zhou, Hongyuan Yang, Mingming Gao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Liver diseases pose significant health challenges, underscoring the importance of understanding liver regeneration mechanisms. Systemic adipose tissue is thought to be a primary source of lipids and energy during this process; however, empirical data on the effects of adipose tissue deficiency are limited. This study investigates the role of adipose tissue in liver regeneration, focusing on transient regeneration-associated steatosis (TRAS) and hepatocyte proliferation using a Seipin knockout mouse model that mimics severe human lipodystrophy. Additionally, the study explores therapeutic strategies through adipose tissue transplantation.

Methods: Male Seipin knockout (Seipin-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice underwent 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PHx). Liver …

A Phase 2 Basket Study Of Talabostat, A Small-Molecule Inhibitor Of Dipeptidyl Peptidases, Administered In Combination With Pembrolizumab In Patients With Advanced Solid Cancers, Jibran Ahmed, Filip Janku, Daniel D Karp, Sarina A Piha-Paul, Apostolia M Tsimberidou, Timothy Anthony Yap, Bettzy Stephen, Yali Yang, Serdar Gurses, Qian Liu, Juhee Song, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Aung Naing

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Talabostat, an oral small molecule inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidases (DPP4 and DPP8/9), has shown synergistic activity with immune checkpoint inhibitors in preclinical studies. This open label, phase 2 basket trial assessed the antitumor activity of combining talabostat and pembrolizumab (anti-programmed death-1 antibody) in advanced solid tumor patients.

Methods: The primary objective was assessment of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) rates in the first six patients (lead-in stage) and response rate (efficacy stage; included cohort A [checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) naive] and cohort B [ICI pretreated]) for the study treatment using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 and immune RECIST …

Optimizing Care And Maintenance Of Enteric Tubes: Insights Into Percutaneous Radiologically Placed Gastrointestinal Luminal Tubes, Mohammad Mahdi Khavandi, Nariman Nezami, Steven Y Huang, Alda L Tam, Bruno C Odisio, Armeen Mahvash, Mohamed E Abdelsalam, Joshua D Kuban, Rahul A Sheth, Peiman Habibollahi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Percutaneous enteric tubes, including gastrostomy, gastrojejunostomy, and percutaneous transesophageal gastrostomy, are essential for patients who cannot maintain adequate oral nutrition or require gastric decompression due to conditions like malignant bowel obstruction. Proper care and maintenance are crucial to prevent complications and maintain function. Enteric tubes are inserted using various techniques at different locations based on patient needs and anatomical considerations. Enteric tubes play a vital role in patient care, and continued research and innovation are necessary to improve outcomes and reduce complications. Routine care involves regular flushing and site maintenance to prevent occlusion and infection. While complications are common, they …

Applications Of Metabolomics And Lipidomics In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Jonathan D Reiss, Samson J Mataraso, Lindsay F Holzapfel, Ivana Marić, Maya M Kasowski, Camilia R Martin, Jonathan Z Long, David K Stevenson, Gary M Shaw

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The metabolome and lipidome comprise the thousands of molecular compounds in an organism. Molecular compounds consist of the upstream metabolic components of intracellular reactions or the byproducts of cellular pathways. Molecular and biochemical perturbations are associated with disorders in newborns and infants. The diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism has relied on targeted metabolomics for several decades. Newer approaches offer the potential to identify novel biomarkers for common diseases of the newborn and infant. They may also elucidate novel predictive or diagnostic measures for a variety of health trajectories. Here, we review the relevance of the metabolome and lipidome for …

A Phase Ib Trial Of Selinexor In Combination With Immune Checkpoint Blockade In Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma, Omar Alhalabi, Mohamed A Gouda, Denái R Milton, Hassan Ahmed Momin, Bulent Yilmaz, Bettzy Stephen, Chinenye Lynette Ejezie, Justin Tyler Moyers, Serdar A Gurses, Jeffrey How, Siqing Fu, Jordi Rodon, David S Hong, Sarina A Piha-Paul, Vivek Subbiah, Ecaterina Elena Dumbrava, Daniel D Karp, Filip Janku, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Nizar M Tannir, Aung Naing

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Selinexor (SEL) is a nuclear exportin 1 inhibitor that blocks the transport of nuclear proteins, including tumor suppressors, to the cytoplasm. Preclinical data suggest that the combination of SEL with checkpoint blockade may result in improved response to immunotherapy.

Methods: NCT02419495 was a multiarm phase IB study of SEL in combination with other standard regimens in patients with advanced malignancies. Arm M utilized twice weekly oral SEL and intravenous nivolumab (NIVO). Arm N utilized weekly oral SEL with NIVO plus ipilimumab (IPI). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of SEL + NIVO and SEL …

Best Practices For Delivering Neoadjuvant Therapy In Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Jordan M Cloyd, Angela Sarna, Matthew J Arango, Susan E Bates, Manoop S Bhutani, Mark Bloomston, Vincent Chung, Efrat Dotan, Cristina R Ferrone, Patricia F Gambino, Ajit H Goenka, Karyn A Goodman, William A Hall, Jin He, Melissa E Hogg, Shiva Jayaraman, Avinash Kambadakone, Matthew H G Katz, Alok A Khorana, Andrew H Ko, Eugene J Koay, David A Kooby, Somashekar G Krishna, Liliana K Larsson, Richard T Lee, Anirban Maitra, Nader N Massarweh, Sameh Mikhail, Mahvish Muzaffar, Eileen M O'Reilly, Manisha Palta, Maria Q B Petzel, Philip A Philip, Marsha Reyngold, Daniel Santa Mina, Davendra P S Sohal, Tilak K Sundaresan, Susan Tsai, Kea L Turner, Timothy J Vreeland, Steve Walston, M Kay Washington, Terence M Williams, Jennifer Y Wo, Rebecca A Snyder

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Neoadjuvant therapy (NT) is an increasingly used treatment strategy for patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Little research has been conducted on cancer care delivery during NT, and the standards for optimal delivery of NT have not been defined.

Objective: To develop consensus best practices for delivering NT to patients with localized PDAC.

Design, setting, and participants: This study used a modified Delphi approach consisting of 2 rounds of voting, and a series of virtual conferences (from October to December 2023) to reach expert consensus on candidate best practice statements generated from a systematic review of the literature …

Survey Of Vitamin D Supplementation Practices In Extremely Preterm Infants, Mar Romero-Lopez, Mamta Naik, Lindsay F Holzapfel, Ariel A Salas, Kaashif A Ahmad, Matthew A Rysavy, Waldemar A Carlo, Yuxin Zhang, Covi Tibe, Jon E Tyson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Most extremely preterm (EP) infants are vitamin D deficient (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL), and optimal supplementation practices for EP infants remain unknown. Our objective is to assess current vitamin D supplementation practices in U.S. neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for EP infants to provide baseline information for the design of future clinical trials.

Methods: We conducted an online survey to study vitamin D intake and supplementation practices in U.S. NICUs caring for EP infants. Descriptive statistics compared responses by affiliation and level of care.

Results: We analyzed responses from 253 NICUs, representing the majority of academic …

Resilience And Coping: A Qualitative Analysis Of Cognitive And Behavioral Factors In Adults With Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Hannah E Cho, Whitney S Shepherd, Gianna M Colombo, Andrew D Wiese, W Conor Rork, Kristin M Kostick, Dianne Nguyen, Members Of The Bbdc, Chaya N Murali, Marie-Eve Robinson, Sophie C Schneider, Justin H Qian, Brendan Lee, V Reid Sutton, Eric A Storch

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Purpose: The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate resilience among adults with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI).

Materials and methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 adults with OI. Transcripts were coded and subsequently abstracted, yielding themes specific to resilience and coping. Interview guides covered broad topics including pain challenges specific to OI, mental health issues related to OI, and priorities for future interventions for individuals with OI.

Results: Participants described resilience in the context of OI as the ability to grow from adversity, adapt to challenges resulting from OI-related injuries, and find identities apart from their condition. Psychological coping …

Prediction Models Of Basal Energy Expenditure In Children And Adolescents Across The Bmi Spectrum Based On Room Calorimetry: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study, Maurice Puyau, Roman Shypailo, Nancy F Butte, Salma Musaad, Fida Bacha

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Existing equations for prediction of basal energy expenditure (BEE) may not be accurate in children with overweight or obesity (OW/OB).

Objectives: We aimed to develop BEE prediction equations applicable to children and adolescents across a wide BMI spectrum using gold standard room calorimetry.

Methods: We measured weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, body composition (DXA), and BEE (whole room calorimetry) in a cross-sectional cohort of 1155 healthy children, 5-19 years of age. 67% of the males and 51% of the females were classified as OW/OB. We applied multiple linear regression analyses to develop BEE prediction models for each sex. …

Association Between Maternal Stress And Child Sleep Quality: A Nationwide Echo Prospective Cohort Study, Sarah Dee Geiger, Aruna Chandran, Marie L Churchill, Maxwell Mansolf, Cai Zhang, Salma Musaad, Courtney K Blackwell, Stephanie M Eick, Dana E Goin, Susan Korrick, Akram Alshawabkeh, Patricia A Brennan, Carrie V Breton, Jose F Cordero, Sean Deoni, Viren D'Sa, Anne L Dunlop, Amy J Elliott, Assiamira Ferrara, Arlene Keddie, Monique Lebourgeois, Kaja Z Lewinn, Daphne Koinis-Mitchell, Maristella Lucchini, Sara S Nozadi, Thomas O'Connor, Yeyi Zhu, Emily Zimmerman, Susan L Schantz

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Childhood sleep quality is associated with physical, cognitive, and behavioral health and predicts later sleep quality; it has many determinants, including developmental exposures.

Objectives: To examine associations between maternal stress during pregnancy and childhood sleep quality and determine whether postnatal stress mediates the association.

Method: Data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes cohort were used. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) T-scores were the exposure measure. Outcome measures were preschool Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) sleep syndrome scale and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance Parent Proxy short form 4a (PSD4a) T-scores at ages 4-8 years. Linear mixed-effects regression …

Association Of Serum Endocannabinoid Levels With Pancreatitis And Pancreatitis-Related Pain, Marc T Goodman, Christina Lombardi, Alexa Torrens, Catherine Bresee, Jami L Saloman, Liang Li, Yunlong Yang, William E Fisher, Evan L Fogel, Christopher E Forsmark, Darwin L Conwell, Phil A Hart, Walter G Park, Mark Topazian, Santhi S Vege, Stephen K Van Den Eeden, Melena D Bellin, Dana K Andersen, Jose Serrano, Dhiraj Yadav, Stephen J Pandol, Daniele Piomelli

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Serotonin Neurons Integrate Gaba And Dopamine Inputs To Regulate Meal Initiation, Kristine M Conde, Hueyzhong Wong, Shuzheng Fang, Yongxiang Li, Meng Yu, Yue Deng, Qingzhuo Liu, Xing Fang, Mengjie Wang, Yuhan Shi, Olivia Z Ginnard, Yuxue Yang, Longlong Tu, Hesong Liu, Hailan Liu, Na Yin, Jonathan C Bean, Junying Han, Megan E Burt, Sanika V Jossy, Yongjie Yang, Qingchun Tong, Benjamin R Arenkiel, Chunmei Wang, Yang He, Yong Xu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Obesity is a growing global health epidemic with limited orally administered therapeutics. Serotonin (5-HT) is one neurotransmitter which remains an excellent target for new weight-loss therapies, but a gap remains in understanding the mechanisms involved in 5-HT produced in the dorsal Raphe nucleus (DRN) and its involvement in meal initiation. Using an optogenetic feeding paradigm, we showed that the 5-HTDRN→arcuate nucleus (ARH) circuit plays a role in meal initiation. Incorporating electrophysiology and ChannelRhodopsin-2-Assisted Circuit Mapping, we demonstrated that 5-HTDRN neurons receive inhibitory input partially from GABAergic neurons in the DRN, and the 5-HT response can be enhanced by hunger. Additionally, …

Leptin Receptor Neurons In The Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Require Distinct Neuronal Subsets For Thermogenesis And Weight Loss, Marie Francois, Laura Kaiser, Yanlin He, Yong Xu, J Michael Salbaum, Sangho Yu, Christopher D Morrison, Hans-Rudolf Berthoud, Heike Münzberg

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) receives inputs from the preoptic area (POA), where ambient temperature mediates physiological adaptations of energy expenditure and food intake. Warm-activated POA neurons suppress energy expenditure via brown adipose tissue (BAT) projecting neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus/dorsal hypothalamic area (dDMH/DHA). Our earlier work identified leptin receptor (Lepr)-expressing, BAT-projecting dDMH/DHA neurons that mediate metabolic leptin effects. Yet, the neurotransmitter (glutamate or GABA) used by dDMH/DHALepr neurons remains unexplored and was investigated in this study using mice. We report that dDMH/DHALepr neurons represent equally glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Surprisingly, chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic and/or GABAergic dDMH/DHA neurons were capable …

Relationship Between Gestational Weight Gain With Fetal Body Composition And Organ Volumes In The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health And Human Development (Nichd) Fetal Dimensional Study: A Prospective Pregnancy Cohort, Kathryn A Wagner, Zhen Chen, Stefanie N Hinkle, Jessica L Gleason, Wesley Lee, William A Grobman, John Owen, Roger B Newman, Daniel W Skupski, Dian He, Seth Sherman, Robert E Gore-Langton, Cuilin Zhang, Jagteshwar Grewal, Katherine L Grantz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with increased risk of newborn small- and large-for-gestational-age, respectively, and future offspring adiposity. However, the relationship between GWG and three-dimensional (3D) measures of fetal body composition and organ volumes, which may provide greater insight into fetal growth via measurement of soft tissue, remains unknown.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between trimester-specific GWG and 3D fetal body composition and organ volume measurements.

Methods: In a diverse, US prospective pregnancy cohort, trimester-specific GWG was calculated as difference between maternal weight at beginning and end of each …

Testosterone Modulation Of Muscle Transcriptomic Profile During Lifestyle Therapy In Older Men With Obesity And Hypogonadism, Viola Viola, Tagari Samanta, Maria Liza Duremdes Nava, Alessandra Celli, Reina Armamento-Villareal, Ngoc Ho Lam Nguyen, Georgia Colleluori, Yoann Barnouin, Nicola Napoli, Clifford Qualls, Benny Abraham Kaipparettu, Dennis T Villareal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) added to lifestyle therapy can mitigate weight-loss-induced reduction of muscle mass and bone mineral density (BMD) in older men with obesity and hypogonadism.

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the attenuation of muscle and BMD loss in response to TRT during intensive lifestyle intervention in this high-risk older population.

Methods: Among 83 older (≥ 65 years) men with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and hypogonadism (early AM testosterone persistently < 300 ng/dL) associated with frailty (Modified Physical Performance Test score ≤ 31) randomized into 26-week lifestyle therapy plus testosterone (LT+TRT) or placebo (LT+Pbo) in the LITROS trial, 38 underwent serial muscle biopsies for the muscle transcriptomics substudy.

Results: Despite similar ~10% weight loss, lean body mass and thigh muscle volume decreased less in LT+TRT than LT+Pbo (-2% vs. -4%, respectively; p = …

Pediatric Participation In Biobanking Related To Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Jennifer Saccente Thompson, Sahna Reddy, Alison Shaw, Antone R Opekun, Richard Kellermayer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Prospective Analysis Of Liver Stiffness Measurement By Vibration Controlled Transient Elastography As A Predictor Of Outcomes In Biliary Atresia, Jean P Molleston, Nathan P Goodrich, Wen Ye, Daniel H Leung, Ronald J Sokol, Benjamin L Shneider, Children Force Outcomes Working Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Development Of 24-Hour Rhythms In Cortisol Secretion Across Infancy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Individual Participant Data, Laura Kervezee, Michelle Romijn, Kirsten N.G. Van De Weijer, Britney S.J. Chen, George L. Burchell, Marieke S. Tollenaar, Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz, Lauren E. Philbrook, Carolina De Weerth, Yang Cao, Joost Rotteveel, Rina D. Eiden, Rima Azar, Nicole R. Bush, Adina Chis, Grazyna Kmita, Melissa W. Clearfield, Roseriet Beijers, Michael Gröschl, Stefan A. Wudy, Andries Kalsbeek, Evalotte Mörelius, Martijn J.J. Finken

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Context: In adults, cortisol levels show a pronounced 24-hour rhythm with a peak in the early morning. It is unknown at what age this early-morning peak in cortisol emerges during infancy, hampering the establishment of optimal dosing regimens for hydrocortisone replacement therapy in infants with an inborn form of adrenal insufficiency. Objective: We aimed to characterize daily variation in salivary cortisol concentration across the first year of life. Methods: We conducted a systematic review followed by an individual participant data meta-analysis of studies reporting on spontaneous (ie, not stress-induced) salivary cortisol concentrations in healthy infants aged 0-1 year. A one-stage …

Evaluation Of Age-Related Spermatozoa Morphological Section Lengths In Gloster Canary Spermatozoa Using Computer Aided Sperm Analysis (Casa) System, Arda Onur Özkök, Burcu Esi̇n, Cumali̇ Kaya

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The canary is a small passerine bird of the finch family. Canary spermatozoa are also morphologically similar to many other songbird species. In this study, the morphological characteristics of Gloster canary spermatozoa of different age ranges were examined, and the length values of the parts forming the spermatozoa were compared. The study used ten active Gloster canaries between the ages of 3 (Trial-1) and four years (Trial-2). Semen samples from 3-year-old canaries in the study were evaluated, and morphological segment lengths were recorded. In the study, to avoid individual differences and make homogeneous measurements, semen samples were retaken from the …