Digital Commons Network^™

Unraveling Genetic Links Between Diabetes And Heart Failure-A Machine Learning Approach, Sunakhi Sahoo, Marzieh Ayati

Research Symposium

Background: Diabetic heart failure (DHF) is defined as a chronic and progressive disease which is associated with both diabetes and heart failure (HF). Even though there have been many developments in the knowledge of these diseases, there is still much to learn about the genetic crossovers between the two. In this study, we identified genes that are associated with diabetic heart failure and heart failure by using gene expression data from patients with DHF, HF, and a control group of patients who died of natural causes. We sought to identify genes that had altered expression levels which could possibly play …

Uca1 As A Key Regulator Of The Warburg Effect During Anoikis Resistance In Colorectal Cancer Metastasis, Ricardo Pequeno Bracho, Salique Hassan Shaham, Yamile Abuchard Anaya, Sophia Leslie, Kyle Doxtater, Subhash Chauhan, Bilal Hafeez, Tamer Oraby, Manish K. Tripathi

Research Symposium

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. While localized CRC has a 90% five-year survival rate, this drops sharply to 14% upon metastasis. Metastasis occurs in approximately 40–50% of CRC cases and requires cancer cells to acquire anoikis resistance—a critical adaptation allowing survival after detachment from the extracellular matrix, enabling migration and colonization of secondary sites. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving anoikis resistance, particularly those linked to altered glucose metabolism, is essential for developing targeted therapies for metastatic CRC.

Cancer cells frequently exhibit the Warburg Effect, a metabolic adaptation favoring glycolysis over …

A Randomized Phase Ii/Iii Study Of Paclitaxel/Carboplatin/Metformin Versus Paclitaxel/Carboplatin/Placebo As Initial Therapy For Measurable Stage Iii Or Iva, Stage Ivb, Or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer: An Nrg Oncology/Gog Study, Victoria L. Bae-Jump, Michael W. Sill, Paola A. Gehrig, Jason D. Merker, David L. Corcoran, Adam D. Pfefferle, Michele C. Hayward, Joan L. Walker, Andrea R. Hagemann, Steven E. Waggoner, Roisin E. O'Cearbhaill, Megan E. Mcdonald, Mitchell I. Edelson, Paul A. Disilvestro, Amy L. Mcnally, Aimee Fleury, Ramey D. Littell, Frederick R. Ueland, Heather A. Lankes, Carol Aghajanian

Abington Jefferson Health Papers

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the efficacy of the addition of the anti-diabetic drug metformin to standard-of-care paclitaxel and carboplatin (PC) in patients with advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer (EC).

METHODS: In this phase II/III trial, EC patients with chemotherapy-naïve stage III/IVA (with measurable disease) and stage IVB or recurrent (with or without measurable disease) disease were randomly assigned to PC/metformin (850 mg BID) versus PC/placebo. Metformin or placebo was continued as maintenance therapy after completion of PC until disease progression. The primary endpoint of phase II was progression-free survival (PFS). The primary endpoint of phase III was overall survival (OS). Secondary …

Changes In Brain Functional Connectivity Associated With Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation In Healthy Controls, Daniel A. Monti, Nancy Wintering, Faezeh Vedaei, Alicia Steinmetz, Feroze Mohamed, Andrew B. Newberg

Marcus Institute of Integrative Health Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: A growing number of research studies have explored the potential effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on brain physiology as well as clinical effects particularly related to stress and anxiety. However, there currently are limited studies showing functional changes during different frequencies of stimulation and laterality effects transcutaneous auricular VNS (TaVNS). In this study, we evaluated whether TaVNS alters functional connectivity in the brain of healthy controls. We hypothesized that TaVNS would significantly alter connectivity in areas involved with emotional processing and regulation including the limbic areas, insula, frontal lobe regions, and cerebellum.

METHODS: We enrolled 50 healthy controls. …

The Pulse - March 6, 2025, Unm Hsc Marketing & Communications

The Pulse

Weekly newsletter of the UNM Health Sciences Center.

Cardiometabolic Benefits Of A Non-Industrialized-Type Diet Are Linked To Gut Microbiome Modulation, Fuyong Li, Anissa M. Armet, Katri Korpela, Junhong Liu, Rodrigo Margain Quevedo, Francesco Asnicar, Benjamin Seethaler, Tianna B. S. Rusnak, Janis L. Cole, Zhihong Zhang, Shuang Zhao, Adele Gagnon, Edward C. Deehan, Joao F. Mota, Jeffrey A. Bakal, Russell Greiner, Dan Knights, Nicola Segata, Stephan C. Bischoff, Laurie Mereu, Andrea M. Haqq, Catherine J. Field, Liang Li, Carla M. Prado, Jens Walter

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Industrialization adversely affects the gut microbiome and predisposes individuals to chronic non-communicable diseases. We tested a microbiome restoration strategy comprising a diet that recapitulated key characteristics of non-industrialized dietary patterns (restore diet) and a bacterium rarely found in industrialized microbiomes (Limosilactobacillus reuteri) in a randomized controlled feeding trial in healthy Canadian adults. The restore diet, despite reducing gut microbiome diversity, enhanced the persistence of L. reuteri strain from rural Papua New Guinea (PB-W1) and redressed several microbiome features altered by industrialization. The diet also beneficially altered microbiota-derived plasma metabolites implicated in the etiology of chronic non-communicable diseases. Considerable …

Factors Driving Adolescent Tuberculosis Incidence By Age And Sex In 30 High-Tuberculosis Burden Countries: A Mathematical Modelling Study, Silvia S Chiang, Megan B Murray, Alexander W Kay, Peter J Dodd

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: During adolescence, tuberculosis incidence rises, with a greater increase in males compared with females. Tuberculosis notifications and estimates infrequently disaggregate adolescent age groups. Moreover, the factors that drive the increases in overall incidence and the male-to-female (MF) ratio remain unclear.

METHODS: We constructed a mechanistic model to estimate cumulative Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease incidence in the WHO’s 30 high-tuberculosis burden countries (HBCs), which represent 86%–90% of global tuberculosis incidence. We derived infection risk from tuberculosis prevalence and assortative social mixing based on sex and age (10–14 years vs 15–19 years old). We adjusted age subgroup-specific risks of …

Photoacoustic Imaging For Image-Guided Gastric Tube Placement: Ex Vivo Characterization, Samuel John, Yeidi Yuja Vaquiz, Nikhila Nyayapathi, Loay Kabbani, Anoop Nilam, Jonathan F Lovell, Nicole A Wilson, Yan Yan, Mohammad Mehrmohammadi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Over 250,000 gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) are placed annually in the United States. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the most widely used clinical method for placing G-tubes within the stomach. However, endoscope detectability is limited due to the scattering of light by tissues. Poor organ visibility and low sensitivity of the palpation techniques cause blind needle insertions, which cause colon/liver perforations, abdominal bleeding, and gastric resections. Additionally, imaging artifacts and the poor distinguishability between water-filled tissues make ultrasound (US) imaging-based techniques incompatible with G-tube placement. The risk of ionizing radiation exposure and the confinement of fluoroscopy to radiology suites limits its …

Intouch Week Of March 3, 2025, New York Medical College

InTouch

• Fawaz Al-Mufti, M.D., Leads Stroke Trial Exploring Cognitive Benefits of Thrombectomy
• Faculty Spotlight: From Pupil to Professor: Adam Karp, M.D. '19
• Student Spotlight: Janice Fung’s Quest to Combat Plague Through Vaccine Innovation
• Alumni Spotlight: The Extraordinary Life of Donald Doyle, M.D. ‘67

Epigenetic Landscapes Of Aging In Breast Cancer Survivors: Unraveling The Impact Of Therapeutic Interventions-A Scoping Review, Nikita Nikita, Zhengyang Sun, Swapnil Sharma, Amy L Shaver, Victoria Seewaldt, Grace Lu-Yao

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Breast cancer therapies have dramatically improved survival rates, but their long-term effects, especially on aging survivors, need careful consideration. This review delves into how breast cancer treatments and aging intersect, focusing on the epigenetic changes triggered by chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal treatments, and targeted therapies. Treatments can speed up biological aging by altering DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling, affecting gene expression without changing the DNA sequence itself. The review explains the double-edged sword effect of therapy-induced epigenetic modifications, which help fight cancer but also accelerate aging. Chemotherapy and targeted therapies, in particular, impact DNA methylation and histone modifications, promoting …

Pleural Effusion: Shedding Light On Pleural Disease Beyond Infection And Malignancy, William C Harding, Abdul R Halawa, Mazen M Aiche, Bilal Zafar, Hyeon-Ju R Ali, Lara Bashoura, Saadia A Faiz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background and Objectives: Non-malignant pleural effusions (NMPEs) are the most frequently encountered pleural disease. They arise from various non-malignant, non-infectious clinical conditions, including cardiac, renal, and hepatic organ dysfunction. Despite their wide prevalence, there is a lack of literature for NMPE. This publication aims to provide an updated overview of the causes, diagnostic strategies, and management options for NMPE.

Materials and Methods: This review synthesizes findings from studies published on NMPE, focusing on the presentation, diagnosis (such as imaging and pleural fluid analysis), and management strategies. Studies were selected based on relevance and were analyzed to provide a comprehensive summary …

Clinical Performance Of An N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Assay In Acute Heart Failure Diagnosis, Lori B Daniels, Patience Ajongwen, Robert H Christenson, Carol L Clark, Deborah B Diercks, Gregory J Fermann, Sharon E Mace, Simon A Mahler, Peter S Pang, Zubaid Rafique, Michael S Runyon, James Tauras, Christopher R Defilippi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: We evaluated the Vitros® Immunodiagnostic Products N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) II assay for aiding in diagnosis of heart failure (HF) in patients with acute dyspnea.

Methods: Serum concentrations of NT-proBNP were measured in patient samples from 20 emergency departments across the United States. Study endpoints included sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and predictive values for diagnosis of acute HF according to age-stratified cutoffs (450, 900, and 1800 pg/mL), and a rule-out age-independent cutoff (300 pg/mL). Additional measures were area under the curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results were also interpreted in patient subgroups with relevant …

Exploring Oxylipins In Host–Microbe Interactions And Their Impact On Infection And Immunity, Robert J. Neff, Christopher D. Radka

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Plasma lipids are essential components of biological systems, transported through interactions with proteins to maintain cellular functions. These lipids exist in various forms, such as fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and prenol lipids, derived from dietary intake, adipose tissue, and biosynthesis. While the association between certain fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases has been widely recognized, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exhibit cardioprotective effects, reducing risks of arrhythmias and heart-related mortality. This is due to their role in the production of eicosanoids, which modulate inflammation. Chronic inflammation, particularly in obesity, is significantly influenced by fatty acids, with saturated fatty acids promoting …

Overexpression And Biophysical And Functional Characterization Of A Recombinant Fgf21, Phuc Phan, Jason Hoang, Thallapuranam Krishnaswamy Suresh Kumar

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine FGF that plays a vital role in regulating essential metabolic pathways. FGF21 increases glucose uptake by cells, promotes fatty acid oxidation, reduces blood glucose levels, and alleviates metabolic diseases. However, detailed studies on its stability and biophysical characteristics have not been reported. Herein, we present the overexpression, biophysical characterization, and metabolic activity of a soluble recombinant FGF21 (rFGF21). The far-UV circular dichroism spectra of rFGF21 show a negative trough at 215 nm, indicating that the protein’s backbone predominantly adopts a β sheet conformation. rFGF21 shows intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence at 305 nm. Thermal …

Rising Mortality Rates Linked To Type-2 Diabetes And Obesity In The United States: An Observational Analysis From 1999 To 2022, Mushood Ahmed, Abdullah Nofal, Aimen Shafiq, Hira Javaid, Areeba Ahsan, Zain Ali Nadeem, Raheel Ahmed, Mahboob Alam, Mamas A Mamas, Marat Fudim, Gregg C Fonarow

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are increasing in the United States. However, population-level data for mortality trends due to T2D and obesity are limited. This study aims to assess these death trends among adults in the United States categorized by sex, race, and geographical location.

Methods: We queried the CDC-WONDER database for multiple cause of death data of adults aged ≥25 years. The crude mortality rates (CMR), age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs), annual percent change (APC), and the average APC (AAPC) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were analyzed.

Results: From 1999 to 2022, a …

Causes Of Mortality In The Congenital Disorders Of Glycosylation, Hana Alharbi, Seishu Horikoshi, Sabrina Malone Jenkins, Fernando Scaglia, Christina Lam, Eva Morava, Austin Larson, Andrew C Edmondson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are a group of some 200 genetic disorders with PMM2-CDG being the most common disease. These disorders individually remain rare with poorly understood natural history (NH) and causes of mortality. We established a NH study for CDG and collected both prospective and retrospective data on CDG outcomes. In the current data set analysis on deceased patients, we describe the clinical phenotype and causes of death for thirty-seven individuals with various genetic causes of CDG. About a third of this cohort were affected with PMM2-CDG. All of the patients presented with multisystem features with involvement of …

Exploration Of Cytokines And Microbiome Among Males And Females With Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Li Juen Chen, Anna M Plantinga, Robert Burr, Kevin Cain, Pamela Barney, Tor Savidge, Robert J Shulman, Margaret Heitkemper, Kendra Kamp

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Whether pathophysiological factors differ between males and females with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea (IBS-D) remains to be tested. To better understand potential sex differences, males with IBS-D were compared to naturally cycling females and to females with IBS-D taking hormonal contraception on plasma levels of cytokines and gut microbiome characteristics.

Methods: Males and females with Rome III IBS-D completed questionnaires and kept a daily symptom diary for 28 days. Blood and stool samples were collected between days 3 and 8 of the daily diary (estrogen-dominant days in naturally cycling females). Blood samples were analyzed for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated and unstimulated cytokine …

Early Life Epigenetics And Childhood Outcomes: A Scoping Review, Srirupa Hari Gopal, Theresa Alenghat, Mohan Pammi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression, without a change in the DNA sequence that are potentially heritable. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) changes have been studied in various childhood disorders. Causal links to maternal health and toxin exposures can introduce epigenetic modifications to the fetal DNA, which can be detected in the cord blood. Cord blood epigenetic modifications provide evidence of in-utero stressors and immediate postnatal changes, which can impact both short and long-term outcomes in children. The mechanisms of these epigenetic changes can be leveraged for prevention, early …

Safety And Efficacy Of Dtx401, An Aav8-Mediated Liver-Directed Gene Therapy, In Adults With Glycogen Storage Disease Type I A (Gsdia), David A Weinstein, Terry G Derks, David F Rodriguez-Buritica, Ayesha Ahmad, María-Luz Couce, John J Mitchell, Rebecca Riba-Wolman, Malaya Mount, Julieta Bonvin Sallago, Katalin M Ross, Melanie M Van Der Klauw, Foekje De Boer, Caroline Van Der Schaaf, Heather Saavedra, Miguel Martínez-Olmos, Elvis Atanga, Asad Hosseini, Deepali Mitragotri, Eric Crombez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa) is a rare, life‐threatening, inherited carbohydrate metabolism disorder caused by glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency, which is essential for glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. GSDIa management includes a strict medically prescribed diet that typically includes daily uncooked cornstarch doses, including overnight, to maintain euglycemia. DTX401 is an investigational adeno‐associated virus serotype 8 vector expressing the human G6PC1 gene that encodes G6Pase. This open‐label, phase 1/2, dose‐escalation, 52‐week gene therapy trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of a single DTX401 infusion in 12 adults with GSDIa (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03517085). Three participants in Cohort 1 received DTX401 2.0 × …

Caloric Restriction And Telomere Preservation In Tert Knockout Adipocyte Progenitors Does Not Rescue Mice From Metabolic Dysfunction Due To A Tert Function In Adipocyte Mitochondria, Zhanguo Gao, Yongmei Yu, Kristin Eckel-Mahan, Mikhail G Kolonin

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Inactivation of telomerase (TERT) in adipocyte progenitor cells (APC) expedites telomere attrition, and the onset of diabetes in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD), which promotes APC over-proliferation and replicative senescence. Here, we show that time-restricted feeding or caloric restriction in the postnatal development of mice subsequently subjected to HFD prevents telomere attrition but not glucose intolerance. This metabolic effect of dietary intervention was not observed for mice with TERT KO in endothelial or myeloid cells. To characterize the telomere-independent effects of TERT in the APC lineage, we analyzed mice with TERT knockout in mature adipocytes (AD-TERT-KO), which do not proliferate …

Liver Involvement In A Large Cohort Of Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria Or X-Linked Protoporphyria, Cynthia Levy, Hetanshi Naik, Jessica Overbey, Karli Hedstrom, Kelly Wang, Catherine Mcdonough, Mary Freeman, Siobán B Keel, Angelika L Erwin, Amy K Dickey, Rebecca K Leaf, John Quigley, Marshall Mazepa, Bruce Wang, John Phillips, Charles Parker, Brendan Mcguire, Mohamed Kazamel, Herbert Bonkovsky, Sean Rudnick, Karl E Anderson, Akshata Moghe, Manish Thapar, Behnam Saberi, Kristen Wheeden, Robert Desnick, Manisha Balwani, Porphyrias Consortium Of The Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) are characterized by the accumulation of protoporphyrin in the marrow, erythrocytes, plasma, skin, and liver, and present clinically with painful cutaneous phototoxicity. Liver abnormalities have been reported in over 25% of patients with EPP. Further characterization of liver involvement in protoporphyria is needed.

Methods: Patients with EPP or XLP enrolled in the longitudinal studies of the NIH-supported Porphyrias Consortium were included. Medical history, laboratory, and liver histology data were abstracted and described.

Results: A total of 322 patients were enrolled; 28 (8.7%) had XLP, 52% were female, and the median age at …

Oxidized Carbon Nanoparticles Enhance Cellular Energetics With Application To Injured Brain, Karthik Mouli, Anton V Liopo, Emily A Mchugh, Erica Underwood, Jing Zhao, Pramod K Dash, Anh T T Vo, Vikas H Malojirao, Muralidhar L Hegde, James M Tour, Paul J Derry, Thomas A Kent

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Pro-energetic effects of functionalized, oxidized carbon nanozymes (OCNs) are reported. OCNs, derived from harsh acid oxidation of single-wall carbon nanotubes or activated charcoal are previously shown to possess multiple nanozymatic activities including mimicking superoxide dismutase and catalyzing the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to NAD+. These actions are predicted to generate a glycolytic shift and enhance mitochondrial energetics under impaired conditions. Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism is increasingly recognized as an important facet of traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathophysiology and decreases the efficiency of electron transport chain (ETC)-coupled adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and NAD+ regeneration. In vitro, OCNs promote a …

Safety And Antitumor Activity Of A Novel Acd25 Treg Depleter Rg6292 As A Single Agent And In Combination With Atezolizumab In Patients With Solid Tumors, Valentina Gambardella, Michael Ong, Maria E Rodriguez-Ruiz, Jean-Pascal Machiels, Miguel F Sanmamed, Vladimir Galvao, Anna Spreafico, Daniel J Renouf, Stephen J Luen, Rachel Galot, Bernard Doger De Spéville, Emiliano Calvo, Aung Naing, Samira Curdt, Theresa Maria Kolben, Eva Rossmann, Tamara Tanos, Kevin Smart, Maria Amann, Yuying Xie, Linxinyu Xu, Enrique Gomez Alcaide, Nicolas Städler, Nicole Justies, Christophe Boetsch, Vaios Karanikas, Gabriel Schnetzler, Kristoffer S Rohrberg

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Therapeutic depletion of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) may overcome resistance to cancer immunotherapies. RG6292 is an anti-CD25 antibody that preferentially depletes Tregs while preserving effector T-cell functions in preclinical models. The safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor efficacy of selective Treg depletion by RG6292 administered as monotherapy or in combination with atezolizumab were evaluated in two phase I studies.

Patients and methods: Adult patients with advanced solid tumors were administered intravenous RG6292, given every 3 weeks alone (study 1: NCT04158583, n = 76) or with 1,200 mg atezolizumab every 3 weeks (study 2: NCT04642365, n = 49). …

Insulin Clearance At Randomisation And In Response To Treatment In Youth With Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis Of The Today Randomised Clinical Trial, Kristen J Nadeau, Silva A Arslanian, Fida Bacha, Sonia Caprio, Lily C Chao, Ryan Farrell, Kara S Hughan, Maria Rayas, Melinda Tung, Kaitlyn Cross, Laure El Ghormli

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Aims/hypothesis: Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia are core features leading to beta cell failure in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Insulin clearance (IC) is also a key regulator of insulin concentrations, but few data exist on IC in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. In a secondary analysis of our Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) randomised clinical trial, we investigated potential sex-, race-, ethnicity- and treatment-related differences in IC in youth-onset type 2 diabetes and aimed to identify metabolic phenotypes associated with IC at baseline and in response to metformin, metformin plus a lifestyle intervention, and metformin …

Quantitative Profiling Ph Heterogeneity Of Acidic Endolysosomal Compartments Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy, Dinghuan Deng, Youchen Guan, Ayse Sena Mutlu, Baiping Wang, Shihong Max Gao, Hui Zheng, Meng C Wang

Center on Aging Staff Publications

The endolysosomal system plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and promoting organism fitness. The pH of its acidic compartments is a crucial parameter for proper function, and it is dynamically influenced by both intracellular and environmental factors. Here, we present a method based on fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for quantitatively analyzing the pH profiles of acidic endolysosomal compartments in diverse types of primary mammalian cells and in live organism Caenorhabditis elegans. This FLIM-based method exhibits high sensitivity in resolving subtle pH differences, thereby revealing heterogeneity within a cell and across cell types. This method enables rapid …

Multiethnic Growth Standards For Fetal Body Composition And Organ Volumes Derived From 3d Ultrasonography, Katherine L Grantz, Wesley Lee, Lauren M Mack, Magdalena Sanz Cortes, Luis F Goncalves, Jimmy Espinoza, Roger B Newman, William A Grobman, Ronald J Wapner, Karin Fuchs, Mary E D'Alton, Daniel W Skupski, John Owen, Anthony Sciscione, Deborah A Wing, Michael P Nageotte, Angela C Ranzini, Edward K Chien, Sabrina Craigo, Seth Sherman, Robert E Gore-Langton, Dian He, Fasil Tekola-Ayele, Cuilin Zhang, Jagteshwar Grewal, Zhen Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: A major goal of contemporary obstetrical practice is to optimize fetal growth and development throughout pregnancy. To date, fetal growth during prenatal care is assessed by performing ultrasonographic measurement of 2-dimensional fetal biometry to calculate an estimated fetal weight. Our group previously established 2-dimensional fetal growth standards using sonographic data from a large cohort with multiple sonograms. A separate objective of that investigation involved the collection of fetal volumes from the same cohort.

Objective: The Fetal 3D Study was designed to establish standards for fetal soft tissue and organ volume measurements by 3-dimensional ultrasonography and compare growth trajectories with …

Altered Thermal Preference By Preoptic Estrogen Receptor Alpha Neurons In Postpartum Females, Nan Zhang, Meng Yu, Qianru Zhao, Bing Feng, Yue Deng, Jonathan C Bean, Qingzhuo Liu, Benjamin P Eappen, Yang He, Kristine M Conde, Hailan Liu, Yongjie Yang, Longlong Tu, Mengjie Wang, Yongxiang Li, Na Yin, Hesong Liu, Junying Han, Darah Ave Threat, Nathan Xu, Taylor Smiley, Pingwen Xu, Lulu Chen, Tianshu Zeng, Yanlin He, Chunmei Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate how reproductive experience (RE) alters thermal preference and thermoregulation in female mice, with a focus on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-expressing neurons in the preoptic area (POA).

METHODS: Thermal preference and body temperature were measured in female mice with and without RE, and virgin female mice with selective deletion of ERα from the POA (ERα

RESULTS: We showed that female mice prefer a cooler environment starting from late pregnancy and persisting long term postpartum. Female mice with RE (>4 weeks post-weaning) displayed lower body temperature and a lower thermal preferred temperature, and lost preference …

Epidemiology Of Diagnostic Errors In Pediatric Emergency Departments Using Electronic Triggers, Prashant Mahajan, Emily White, Kathy Shaw, Sarah J Parker, James Chamberlain, Richard M Ruddy, Elizabeth R Alpern, Jacqueline Corboy, Andrew Krack, Brandon Ku, Daphne Morrison Ponce, Asha S Payne, Elizabeth Freiheit, Gregor Horvath, Giselle Kolenic, Michele Carney, Nicole Klekowski, Karen J O'Connell, Hardeep Singh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: We applied three electronic triggers to study frequency and contributory factors of missed opportunities for improving diagnosis (MOIDs) in pediatric emergency departments (EDs): return visits within 10 days resulting in admission (Trigger 1), care escalation within 24 h of ED presentation (Trigger 2), and death within 24 h of ED visit (Trigger 3).

Methods: We created an electronic query and reporting template for the triggers and applied them to electronic health record systems of five pediatric EDs for visits from 2019. Clinician reviewers manually screened identified charts and initially categorized them as "unlikely for MOIDs" or "unable to rule …

Inappropriate Laboratory Testing: Significant Waste Quantified By A Large-Scale Year-Long Study Of Medicare And Commercial Payer Reimbursement, Dave Smart, Jeff Schreier, Ila R Singh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Context.—: Laboratory testing, beyond what is essential for managing health, is considered low-value care, posing patient risks and wasting resources. Measuring excess testing on a national level is crucial to identify waste and optimize healthcare resource allocation for maximum impact.

Objective.—: To measure inappropriate laboratory testing and its cost across Medicare and many US commercial payers.

Design.—: A retrospective analysis on 2019 claims data measured the frequency of 4 commonly used laboratory tests among 64 million individuals with Medicare and 168 million with commercial insurance. Tests included 25-hydroxy vitamin D, prostate-specific antigen, lipid panel, and hemoglobin A1c. Clinical guidelines, medical …

Revisiting Diagnostics: High Priority Tuberculosis Diagnostic Tests That Fill An Unmet Need: What We Need And What We Do Not Need, Christoph Lange, Anna Maria Mandalakas, Troels Lillebaek, Dumitru Chesov, Keertan Dheda, Francesca Saluzzo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.