Digital Commons Network^™

Vestibular Neurons Link Motion Sickness, Behavioural Thermoregulation And Metabolic Balance In Mice, Longlong Tu, Xing Fang, Yongjie Yang, Meng Yu, Hailan Liu, Hesong Liu, Na Yin, Jonathan C Bean, Kristine M Conde, Mengjie Wang, Yongxiang Li, Olivia Z Ginnard, Qingzhuo Liu, Yuhan Shi, Junying Han, Yi Zhu, Makoto Fukuda, Qingchun Tong, Benjamin Arenkiel, Mingshan Xue, Yang He, Chunmei Wang, Yong Xu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Motion sickness is associated with thermoregulation and metabolic control, but the underlying neural circuitry remains largely unknown. Here we show that neurons in the medial vestibular nuclei parvocellular part (MVePC) mediate the hypothermic responses induced by motion. Reactivation of motion-sensitive MVePC neurons recapitulates motion sickness in mice. We show that motion-activated neurons in the MVePC are glutamatergic (MVePCGlu), and that optogenetic stimulation of MVePCGlu neurons mimics motion-induced hypothermia by signalling to the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN). Acute inhibition of MVePC-LPBN circuitry abrogates motion-induced hypothermia. Finally, we show that chronic inhibition of MVePCGlu neurons prevents diet-induced obesity and improves glucose homeostasis …

General Characteristics Of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis From Türkiye And Denmark, Cumali Efe, Ersin Batıbay, Tugrul Purnak

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Associations Between B Vitamin Interactions With Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids And Cognitive Function Among Cognitively Healthy Older People As Modified By Amyloid Status And Sex, Chuliang Zhao, Karen A. Abbott, Chinedu Momoh, Geraint Price, Oliver J. K. Robinson, Sujin Kang, Celeste A. De Jager Loots

Brain and Mind Institute

Background/Objectives: Nutrients such as vitamin B12, folate (B9), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may independently influence cognitive health, but their combined effects and interactions remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of B12, folate, and PUFAs, including their interactions, on cognitive function in cognitively healthy older adults, considering effect modification by sex and amyloid-beta status.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 321 participants aged 60–85 y enrolled in the UK CHARIOT–PRO SubStudy. Dietary intake was assessed using the Scottish Collaborative Group Food Frequency Questionnaire, and cognitive performance was measured via the Repeatable Battery …

Ibuprofen, Flurbiprofen Or Naproxen Sodium Minimally Influences Musculoskeletal Adaptations To Treadmill Exercise In Rats, Brandon Roberts, Alyssa Geddis, Alexandra Ciuciu, Marinaliz Reynoso, Nikhil Mehta, Alyssa Varanoske, Alyssa Kelley, Maximus Leiss, Alexander Kolb, Julie Hughes, Marshall Naimo, Ryan Tomlinson, Jeffery Staab

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may influence musculoskeletal health. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three different NSAIDS: naproxen sodium, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen or a placebo on musculoskeletal adaptations in rodents with or without 6 weeks of aerobic exercise.

METHODS: Nine-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 80) were randomized to either exercise (EX) or no-exercise control (CON) conditions and treated with naproxen, ibuprofen (IBU), flurbiprofen (FLU) or placebo (PLA). For exercise, rats ran 5 days per week for 6 weeks at a 5% incline on a motorized treadmill for 30 min. Three-point bending (3 PB) and …

Suppression Of Hypothalamic Oestrogenic Signal Sustains Hyperprolactinemia And Metabolic Adaptation In Lactating Mice, Meng Yu, Bing Feng, Jonathan C Bean, Qianru Zhao, Yongjie Yang, Hailan Liu, Yongxiang Li, Benjamin P Eappen, Hesong Liu, Longlong Tu, Kristine M Conde, Mengjie Wang, Xi Chen, Na Yin, Darah Ave Threat, Nathan Xu, Junying Han, Peiyu Gao, Yi Zhu, Darryl L Hadsell, Yang He, Pingwen Xu, Yanlin He, Chunmei Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

17β-oestradiol (E2) inhibits overeating and promotes brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, whereas prolactin (PRL) does the opposite. During lactation, the simultaneous decline in E2 and surge in PRL contribute to maternal metabolic adaptations, including hyperphagia and suppressed BAT thermogenesis. However, the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we find that oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-expressing neurons in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), specifically the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamus (vlVMH), are suppressed during lactation. Deletion of ERα from MBH neurons in virgin female mice induces metabolic phenotypes characteristic of lactation, including hyperprolactinemia, hyperphagia …

Intestinal Epithelial Serotonin As A Novel Target For Treating Disorders Of Gut-Brain Interaction And Mood, Lin Y Hung, Nuno D Alves, Andrew Del Colle, Ardesheer Talati, Sarah A Najjar, Virginie Bouchard, Virginie Gillet, Yan Tong, Zixing Huang, Kirsteen N Browning, Jialiang Hua, Ying Liu, James O Woodruff, Daniel Juarez, Melissa Medina, Jonathan Posner, Raquel Tonello, Nazli Yalcinkaya, Narek Israelyan, Roey Ringel, Letao Yang, Kam W Leong, Mu Yang, Ji Ying Sze, Tor Savidge, Jay Gingrich, Robert J Shulman, Michael D Gershon, Annie Ouellet, Larissa Takser, Mark S Ansorge, Kara Gross Margolis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background & aims: Mood disorders and disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are highly prevalent, commonly comorbid, and lack fully effective therapies. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are first-line pharmacological treatments for these disorders, they may impart adverse effects, including anxiety, anhedonia, dysmotility, and, in children exposed in utero, an increased risk of cognitive, mood, and gastrointestinal disorders. SSRIs act systemically to block the serotonin reuptake transporter and enhance serotonergic signaling in the brain, intestinal epithelium, and enteric neurons. Yet, the compartments that mediate the therapeutic and adverse effects of SSRIs are unknown, as is whether gestational SSRI exposure directly …

Systemic Aging Fuels Heart Failure: Molecular Mechanisms And Therapeutic Avenues, Zhuyubing Fang, Umar Raza, Jia Song, Junyan Lu, Shun Yao, Xiaohong Liu, Wei Zhang, Shujuan Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Systemic aging influences various physiological processes and contributes to structural and functional decline in cardiac tissue. These alterations include an increased incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, a decline in left ventricular diastolic function, left atrial dilation, atrial fibrillation, myocardial fibrosis and cardiac amyloidosis, elevating susceptibility to chronic heart failure (HF) in the elderly. Age-related cardiac dysfunction stems from prolonged exposure to genomic, epigenetic, oxidative, autophagic, inflammatory and regenerative stresses, along with the accumulation of senescent cells. Concurrently, age-related structural and functional changes in the vascular system, attributed to endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, impaired angiogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation, impose additional …

Variability In Treatment Of Utis In Children With Genitourinary Anomalies In Children's Hospitals, Catherine S Forster, Alexis C Wood, Stephanie Davis-Rodriguez, Sanyukta Desai, Pearl W Chang, Michael J Tchou, John M Morrison, Rana F Hamdy, Vijaya Vemulakonda, Patrick W Brady, Cynthia Abou Zeid, Sowdhamini S Wallace, Uti In Children With Cakut Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: In children with urinary tract anomalies, febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) are associated with increased risks of sepsis, hospitalization, and kidney injury. However, the best treatment strategies are unknown. We aimed to describe antibiotic treatment practices and outcomes for UTIs in children with urinary tract anomalies and evaluate whether variability in UTI treatment exists between hospitals.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of children seen in emergency departments (EDs) in 6 free-standing US children's hospitals from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2018. We included children aged 0-17 years with an anatomic or functional urinary tract anomaly …

Quality-Of-Care Measures For Cardio-Oncology: An Ic-Os And Acc Cardio-Oncology Leadership Council Perspective, Vijay U Rao, Anita Deswal, Daniel Lenihan, Susan Dent, Teresa Lopez-Fernandez, Alexander R Lyon, Ana Barac, Nicolas Palaskas, Ming Hui Chen, Hector R Villarraga, Diego Sadler, Courtney M Campbell, Kerry Skurka, Matt J Wagner, Matthias Totzeck, Kathryn J Ruddy, Paul Heidenreich, Randal Thomas, Daniel Addison, Sarju Ganatra, Richard Cheng, David Reeves, Arjun K Ghosh, Joerg Herrmann

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

This document serves as a perspective on quality assessments in the discipline of cardio-oncology. We aim to define the current landscape, identify needs for quality and outcome improvements, and propose a roadmap for establishing viable metrics to improve patient care. Specifically, this document: 1) addresses the current lack of measurable high-quality metrics in cardio-oncology and their implications; 2) highlights needs and topic-specific barriers; 3) illustrates the process and application of a measurable quality metric; and 4) provides a framework to demonstrate measurable value for the growing population of patients with cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Demographic Clinical Trial Diversity Assessment Methods: Use Of Real-World Data, Hua Chen, Nnadozie Emechebe, Sudeep Karve, Leon Raskin, Jailene Leal, Ning Cheng, Wendy Sebby, Kim Ribeiro, Samuel Crawford

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Diversity in clinical trials is defined by the inclusion of clinical trial participants from various demographic groups that are representative of the broader population impacted by a disease state. Diversity in clinical trials is critical in identifying potential differences in safety and efficacy of treatments across races, ethnicities, ages, sexes, or other variables. In the United States, clinical trial diversity is often benchmarked against US Census data, which may limit the representativeness of patient demographics in clinical trials. Disease-specific, demographic estimates from real-world data (RWD) can facilitate benchmarking of clinical trials, support trial enrollment and the development of trial diversity …

Diet And Survival After A Diagnosis Of Ovarian Cancer: A Pooled Analysis From The Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium, Christina M Nagle, Torukiri I Ibiebele, Renhua Na, Elisa V Bandera, Daniel Cramer, Jennifer A Doherty, Graham G Giles, Marc T Goodman, Gillian E Hanley, Holly R Harris, Allan Jensen, Susanne K Kjaer, Alice Lee, Valerie Mcguire, Roger L Milne, Bo Qin, Jean Richardson, Naoko Sasamoto, Joellen M Schildkraut, Weiva Sieh, Kathryn L Terry, Linda Titus, Britton Trabert, Nicolas Wentzensen, Anna H Wu, Andrew Berchuck, Malcolm C Pike, Celeste Leigh Pearce, Penelope M Webb, Multidisciplinary Ovarian Cancer Outcomes Group And Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Prognosis after a diagnosis of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer is poor. Some studies have suggested modifiable behaviors, like diet, are associated with survival but the evidence is inconsistent.

Objectives: This study aims to pool data from studies conducted around the world to evaluate the relationships among dietary indices, foods, and nutrients from food sources and survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Methods: This analysis from the Multidisciplinary Ovarian Cancer Outcomes Group within the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium included 13 studies with 7700 individuals with ovarian cancer, who completed food-frequency questionnaires regarding their prediagnosis diet. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) …

Fungal Infections In People Who Use Drugs, Jose Portugal Gonzales, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Illicit drug use in the United States continues to rise, alongside an increasing number of severe infections associated with drug use. Surveillance studies report that 28%–34% of candidemia cases are linked to intravenous drug use, with Candida albicans being the most commonly isolated species, followed by Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata. Marijuana use is associated with lung infections caused by Aspergillus and the Mucorales, showing a 3.5-fold increased risk of mold infections and a 2.2-fold increased risk for other fungal infections. Intravenous drug use also presents a recognized risk factor for Aspergillus and Mucorales infections. Additionally, substances like …

Evaluation Of A Comprehensive Set Of Normal Tissue Complication Probability Models For Patients With Head And Neck Cancer In An International Cohort, Suzanne P M De Vette, Maria I Van Rijn-Dekker, Lisa Van Den Bosch, Kylie Keijzer, Hendrike Neh, Hung Chu, Yan Li, Mark L Frederiks, Hans Paul Van Der Laan, Jolien Heukelom, Peter Van Luijk, Arjen Van Der Schaaf, Roel J H M Steenbakkers, Nanna M Sijtsema, Katherine A Hutcheson, Clifton D Fuller, Johannes A Langendijk, Amy C Moreno, Lisanne V Van Dijk

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background/purpose: Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models can be used to guide radiation therapy (RT) decisions by estimating side-effect risks pretreatment to minimize (late) side-effects. Recently, a comprehensive individual toxicity risk (CITOR) profile of NTCP models addressing common side-effects in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients was developed. This study investigates the generalizability of these models in an international setting, with different treatment approaches and side-effect assessments, promoting their integration into more widespread clinical practice.

Materials/methods: From a prospective registry study, 407 HNC patients were included who were treated with definitive RT with or without systemic therapy between 2015 and …

Guidelines For The Management Of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: Many Options, Too Few Solutions?, Yifan Wang, Michael P Kim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Recent Advances In The Management Of Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Diseases, Krupa R Mysore, Katherine Cheng, Lakshmi Anandini Suri, Rima Fawaz, Alisha M Mavis, Debora Kogan-Liberman, Saeed Mohammad, Sarah A Taylor

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Pediatric cholestatic liver diseases are rare conditions that can result from multiple specific underlying etiologies. Among the most common etiologies of pediatric cholestatic liver diseases are biliary atresia, Alagille syndrome (ALGS), and inherited disorders of bile acid transport. These diseases are characterized by episodic or chronic unremitting cholestasis. Due to the chronicity of these conditions, it is imperative to optimize medical management to improve patient quality of life, provide nutritional support, and reduce bile acid toxicity in efforts to slow disease progression. Cholestatic liver diseases remain the leading cause of pediatric liver transplantation, as many underlying disease etiologies have no …

Insights Into Protection Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: Time To Officially Confirm Another Phenotype?, Todia P Setiabudiawan, Philip C Hill, Andrew R Dinardo, Reinout Van Crevel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Immune correlates of protection against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remain elusive. In this issue of the JCI, Dallmann-Sauer and authors demonstrate that lack of tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon γ release assay (IGRA) conversion among people with HIV despite years-long Mtb exposure is associated with alveolar lymphocytosis, including specific poly-cytotoxic T cells, and M1-type alveolar macrophages with a stronger ex vivo response to the pathogen. Studies in these rare individuals, termed "TB resisters" and in tuberculosis household contacts who are repeatedly IGRA negative in the months after a specific exposure event (known as "early clearers") help elucidate manipulatable …

Glucose Uptake In Pigment Glia Suppresses Tau-Induced Inflammation And Photoreceptor Degeneration, Mikiko Oka, Sho Nakajima, Emiko Suzuki, Shinya Yamamoto, Kanae Ando

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Brain inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glucose hypometabolism and glial activation are pathological features seen in AD brains; however, the connection between the two is not fully understood. Using a Drosophila model of AD, we identified that glucose metabolism in glia plays a critical role in neuroinflammation under disease conditions. Expression of human MATP (hereafter referred to as Tau) in the retinal cells, including photoreceptor neurons and pigment glia, causes photoreceptor degeneration accompanied by the formation of dark-stained round inclusion-like structures and swelling of the lamina cortex. We found that inclusion-like structures …

Gastroesophageal Reflux And Gastrointestinal Symptoms After Metabolic And Bariatric Surgery In Adolescents: An 8-Year Follow-Up Analysis, John B Rode, Suhail A Zeineddin, Jane C Khoury, Todd M Jenkins, Stephanie R Sisley, Anita P Courcoulas, Justin R Ryder, Marc P Michalsky, Thomas H Inge

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Importance: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are the most commonly performed metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) procedures in adolescents and adults. Despite their safety and effectiveness, there is concern over postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), especially gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS), in those undergoing VSG.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term prevalence of GIS in adolescents who underwent RYGB or VSG.

Design, setting, and participants: This is a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study at five academic referral centers in the United States. Patients were enrolled from February 28, 2007, through December 30, 2011. The analysis included 228 adolescents: 161 …

Differential Treatment Effects On Β-Cell Function Using Model-Based Parameters In Type 2 Diabetes: Results From The Glycemia Reduction Approaches In Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (Grade), Kristina M Utzschneider, Mark Tripputi, Nicole M Butera, Andrea Mari, Samuel P Rosin, Mary Ann Banerji, Richard M Bergenstal, Necole Brown, Anders L Carlson, Ralph A Defronzo, Michaela R Gramzinski, Tasma Harindhanavudhi, Alexandra Kozedub, William I Sivitz, Michael W Steffes, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Neda Rasouli

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: To evaluate how model-based parameters of β-cell function change with glucose-lowering treatment and associate with glycemic deterioration in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research design and methods: In the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE), β-cell function parameters derived from mathematical modeling of oral glucose tolerance tests were assessed at baseline (N = 4,712) and 1, 3, and 5 years following randomization to insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin, added to baseline metformin. Parameters included insulin secretion rate (ISR), glucose sensitivity (insulin response to glucose), rate sensitivity (early insulin response), and potentiation. Linear mixed-effects …

Comparison Between Dynamic Models For Predicting Response To Corticosteroids In Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: A Global Cohort Study, Francisco Idalsoaga, Luis Antonio Díaz, Leonardo Guizzetti, Winston Dunn, Heer Mehta, Jorge Arnold, Gustavo Ayares, Rokhsana Mortuza, Gurpreet Mahli, Alvi H Islam, Shiv K Sarin, Rakhi Maiwall, Wei Zhang, Steve Qian, Douglas Simonetto, Ashwani K Singal, Mohamed A Elfeki, Carolina Ramirez-Cadiz, Joaquín Cabezas, Victor Echavarría, Meritxell Ventura Cots, María Fátima Higuera-De La Tijera, Juan G Abraldes, Mustafa Al-Karaghouli, Prasun K Jalal, Mohamad Ali Ibrahim, Guadalupe García-Tsao, Daniela Goyes, Lubomir Skladaný, Daniel J Havaj, Karolina Sulejova, Svetlana Adamcova Selcanova, Diego Rincón, Vijay H Shah, Patrick S Kamath, Marco Arrese, Ramon Bataller, Juan Pablo Arab

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Several dynamic models predict mortality and corticosteroid response in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), yet no consensus exists on the most effective model. This study aimed to assess predictive models for corticosteroid response and short-term mortality in severe AH within a global cohort. We conducted a multi-national study of patients with severe AH treated with corticosteroids for at least 7 days, enrolled between 2009 and 2019. Dynamic models-Lille-4, Lille-7, trajectory of serum bilirubin (TSB), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)-were used to estimate 30- and 90-day mortality. Lille-7 demonstrated the highest accuracy for both 30- and 90-day mortality.

Moderate Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: A Real-World Multicenter Study, Francisco Idalsoaga, Luis Antonio Díaz, Winston Dunn, Heer Mehta, Karen Muñoz, Vicente Caldentey, Jorge Arnold, Gustavo Ayares, Rokhsana Mortuza, Shiv K Sarin, Rakhi Maiwall, Wei Zhang, Steve Qian, Douglas Simonetto, Ashwani K Singal, Mohamed A Elfeki, Carolina Ramirez-Cadiz, Gurpreet Malhi, Adan Ahmed, Hoomam Homsi, Zinia Abid, Joaquín Cabezas, Victor Echavarría, Maria Poca, German Soriano, Berta Cuyas, Meritxell Ventura Cots, María Fátima Higuera-De La Tijera, Maria Ayala-Valverde, Diego Perez, Jaime Gomez, Juan G Abraldes, Mustafa Al-Karaghouli, Prasun K Jalal, Mohamad Ali Ibrahim, Guadalupe García-Tsao, Daniela Goyes, Lubomir Skladaný, Daniel J Havaj, Karolina Sulejova, Svetlana Adamcova Selcanova, Diego Rincón, Kristina R Chacko, Juan C Restrepo, Pamela Yaquich, Luis G Toro, Vijay Shah, Marco Arrese, Patrick S Kamath, Ramon Bataller, Juan Pablo Arab

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (sAH) is a well-characterized disease with high short-term mortality. However, there is limited research on those with a "less severe condition" (moderate AH). This study aims to characterize in-depth patients with moderate AH (mAH), including the performance of mortality scoring systems, key prognostic factors, and survival over time.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study (2009-2019) included patients with mAH (MELD score ≤20 at admission). Cox regression and receiver operating characteristic curves with AUC were used for analysis.

Results: We included 1845 patients with AH (20 centers, 8 countries) between 2009 and 2019. mAH was defined as …

Most Elderly Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism Do Not Need To Be Treated, Risheng Xu, Nicola Abate, Nalini Ram, Kristina Little

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Whether subclinical hypothyroidism should be treated in elderly patients (≥ 65 years) is controversial. The authors argue for a personalized, wait-and-see approach rather than universal treatment, pointing out that randomized clinical trials have not shown that levothyroxine treatment makes any difference in terms of hard clinical end points, quality of life, or hypothyroid symptom relief in elderly patients with this condition.

Current Burden Of Steatotic Liver Disease And Fibrosis Among Adults In The United States, 2017-2023, Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background/aims: Multi-society experts proposed the adoption of new terminology, metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and steatotic liver disease (SLD). We studied the current prevalence of SLD and its subcategories in the US.

Methods: Using the recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2017 to 2023, we analyzed data from 12,199 participants (≥18 years) who completed transient elastography. SLD and its subcategories, including MASLD, metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), were categorized according to consensus nomenclature.

Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of SLD (cut-off: 285 dB/m) was 35.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33.4-36.7). Within this …

The Association Between County-Level Social Determinants Of Health And Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Disease Attributed All-Cause Mortality In The Us: A Cross Sectional Analysis, Antoinette Cotton, Pedro Rvo Salerno, Salil V Deo, Salim S Virani, Khurram Nasir, Ian Neeland, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Naveed Sattar, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Yakov E Elgudin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: The American Heart Association recently defined cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome as the intersection between metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular disease. Understanding the contemporary estimates of CKM related mortality in the US is essential for developing targeted public interventions.

Methods: We analyzed state-level and county-level CKM-associated all-cause mortality data (2010-2019) from the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER). Median and interquartile (IQR) age-adjusted mortality rates (aaMR) per 100,000 were reported and linked with a multi-component metric for social deprivation: the Social Deprivation Index (SDI: range 0 - 100) grouped as: I: 0 - 25, II: 26 - 50, III: 51 …

Acute Kidney Injury In Severe Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis Treated With Anakinra Plus Zinc Or Prednisone, Kavish R Patidar, Wanzhu Tu, Thomas G Cotter, Douglas A Simonetto, Amon Asgharpour, Muhammad Y Jan, Qing Tang, Yunpeng Yu, Yang Li, Moyinoluwa Taiwo, Prashanth Thevkar Nagesh, Srinivasan Dasarathy, Patrick S Kamath, Craig J Mcclain, Naga Chalasani, Gyongyi Szabo, Ramon Bataller, Mack Mitchell, Wajahat Z Mehal, Laura E Nagy, Vijay H Shah, Samer Gawrieh, Arun J Sanyal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and aims: In a recent trial, patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis treated with anakinra plus zinc (A+Z) had lower survival and higher acute kidney injury (AKI) rates versus prednisone (PRED). We characterize the clinical factors and potential mechanisms associated with AKI development in that trial.

Approach and results: Data from 147 participants in a multicenter randomized clinical trial (74 A+Z, 73 PRED) were analyzed. AKI, AKI phenotypes, and kidney injury biomarkers were compared between participants who did/did not develop AKI in the 2 treatment arms. Multivariable competing risk analyses were performed to identify baseline risk factors for incident AKI, …

Defining The Transcriptional Basis Of Organ-Specific Endothelial Cell Specialization, Joshua D. Wythe, James F. Martin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Blood vessels feature extensive phenotypic and functional differences that help them meet the unique nutritive and energetic demands of the specific organ they reside in. Profiling the chromatin and transcriptional landscape of several organs identified novel gene regulatory networks that determine endothelial cell organ specialization in mammals.

Postnatal Zika And Dengue Infection And Their Effects On Neurodevelopment Among Children Living In Rural Guatemala, Edwin J Asturias, Amy K Connery, Daniel Olson, Molly M Lamb, Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Evan J Anderson, Chris Focht, Alison M Colbert, Muktha Natrajan, Jesse J Waggoner, Erin Scherer, D Mirella Calvimontes, Guillermo A Bolaños, Desirée Bauer, Paola Arroyave, Sara Hernández, Maria A Martinez, Aida V Ralda, Neudy Rojop, Edgar E Barrios, Andrea Chacon, Walla Dempsey, Kay M Tomashek, Wendy A Keitel, Hana M El Sahly, Flor M Muñoz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection leads to microcephaly and adverse neurodevelopment. The effects of postnatal ZIKV infection on the developing brain are unknown. We assessed the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children exposed postnatally during the ZIKV epidemic.

Methods: A prospective study enrolled infants 0-3 months of age and their mothers, and children 1.5-3.5 years of age in rural Guatemala from 2017 and were followed for 12 months until 2019. Neurodevelopment was evaluated using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) infections were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using active surveillance. Serological analyses, stratified by …

Preferences For Survivorship Education And Delivery Among Latino And Non-Latino Childhood Cancer Survivors And Caregivers, Omar Shakeel, Shiley Aguilar, Alicia Howell, Ashley Ikwuezunma, Olga Taylor, M Fatih Okcu, Ranjan Bista, Jill Hartley, Rodrigo Eraña, Juan Carlos Bernini, Lisa Kahalley, Michael Scheurer, Maria Monica Gramatges

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: To assess survivor and parent perceptions of the long-term survivor visit and preferences regarding accessing health information, survivorship education, and support networks in rural and metropolitan regions of Texas.

Methods: Leveraging the multi-institutional Survivorship and Access to Care for Latinos to Understand Disparities (SALUD) cohort, we administered a 26-item bilingual survey to adult survivors of childhood cancer and parents of younger survivors. Characteristics and responses were compared between survivors vs. parents and Latinos vs. non-Latinos using a t test or Fisher exact test. Odds ratios for the outcomes of interest were calculated with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: We received …

Postvaccination Immunogenicity Among Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, Amy G Feldman, Brenda L Beaty, Jose A Ferrolino, Gabriela Maron, Saira A Ali, Leandra Bitterfeld, Adam Blatt, Mary Alice Boulware, Kathleen M Campbell, Emily Carr, Benhur Cetin, Shelley Chapman, Yeh-Chung Chang, Ryan Cunningham, Ronald H Dallas, Keerti L Dantuluri, Bryanna N Domenick, Noelle H Ebel, Scott Elisofon, Rima Fawaz, Marc Foca, Hayley A Gans, Vani V Gopalareddy, Nitika A Gupta, Katherine Harmann, Jessica Hollenbeck, Anna R Huppler, Catalina Jaramillo, Nagraj Kasi, Nanda Kerkar, Stacee Lerret, Steven J Lobritto, M James Lopez, Alisha Mavis, Sonia Mehra, Sindhu Mohandas, Flor M Munoz, Krupa R Mysore, Nadia Ovchinsky, Kerrigan Perkins, Stacy Postma, Lauren Pratscher, Elizabeth B Rand, Regina K Rowe, Daniel Ruderfer, Danielle Schultz, Katherine Sear, Megan L Sell, Tanvi S Sharma, Janis Stoll, Jerry Turner, Kristen G Valencia Deray, Dominique Villarin, Carly Weaver, Phoebe Wood, Olivia Woodford-Berry, George Yanni, Lara A Danziger-Isakov

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This cohort study assesses the protection provided by live attenuated viral vaccines among a pediatric population of solid organ transplant recipients 1 year after vaccination.

Subacute Neuropathy Post-Liver Transplantation In Zellweger Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report, Clarissa Gonzalez, Madelyn J Cohen, Juhee Hong, Daniel Calame, Kavitha Marri, Sanjiv Harpavat, Michael F Wangler, Krupa Mysore

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Peroxisome biogenesis disorders-Zellweger spectrum disorder (PBD-ZSD) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the genes involved in peroxisome biogenesis. PBD-ZSD presentations vary in severity, and treatment of PBD-ZSD remains supportive focused on specific complications. A few reported cases of the use of liver transplantation to treat either neurological symptoms or liver dysfunction and cirrhosis in PBD-ZSD have been published. In this case report, we document the course of a 16-year-old boy diagnosed with PBD-ZSD and a delayed and unexpected neuropathy that developed after undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for which the indication was liver cirrhosis. Following OLT, the …