Digital Commons Network^™

Environmental Exposures Increase Health Risks In Childhood Cancer Survivors, Omar Shakeel, Nicole M Wood, Hannah M Thompson, Michael E Scheurer, Mark D Miller

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) are at increased risk for chronic health issues due to late effects of cancer and its treatment. We address the impact of environmental exposures, such as air pollution, tobacco smoke, extreme weather events, and pesticides, on the health and survival of CCSs. These environmental hazards have been associated with worsening health outcomes and decreased survival among CCSs on a global scale. We also highlight that providers at a major pediatric cancer center in the United States have limited knowledge and practical skills about environmental risk factors and how to reduce exposures. Our survey results show that …

Cazyme Gene Cluster Diversity In Human Gut Microbiome, Yi Xing

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In gut microbiome research, carbohydrate-active enzyme gene clusters (CGCs) have emerged as key functional units for understanding microbial glycan degradation. Unlike taxonomic or broad pathway annotations, CGCs offer gene-cluster-level resolution and capture substrate-specific microbial functions. However, their diversity and distribution in relation to host metabolic phenotypes, such as obesity, remain poorly characterized. This study tests the hypothesis that the composition and abundance of fiber-targeting CGCs vary between obese and healthy human gut microbiomes, reflecting distinct microbial carbohydrate utilization strategies. To examine this, we constructed a high-quality reference CGC dataset comprising 94,019 clusters from the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Genome and profiled …

Military Inhalational Exposures Outside The Theater Of Conflict And Chronic Respiratory Symptoms, Reza Hosseini, Eric Garshick, Martin D Slade, Andrew Timmons, Anna M Korpak, Nicholas L Smith, Karen S Nakayama, Coleen P Baird, Paul Ciminera, Farrah Kheradmand, Vincent S Fan, Jaime E Hart, Petros Koutrakis, Ware Glenn Kuschner, Octavian C Ioachimescu, Michael Jerrett, Philippe R Montgrain, Susan P Proctor, Christine H Wendt, Cherry Wongtrakool, Emily S Wan, Paul D Blanc, Carrie A Redlich

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Importance: Deployment to Afghanistan and Southwest Asia has been associated with adverse respiratory health outcomes. However, the impact of inhalational exposures (eg, vapor, dust, gas, fumes), which are known correlates of reduced lung function and future chronic lung disease, during military service time outside this deployment period has not been assessed.

Objective: To assess military inhalational exposures during nonwartime routine activities and their associations with chronic respiratory symptoms.

Design, setting, and participants: This cross-sectional study used data from the US Department of Veterans Affairs Service and Health Among Deployed Veterans study. US veterans who served between October 7, 2001, and …

The Therapeutic Potential Of Butyrate And Lauric Acid In Modulating Glial And Neuronal Activity In Alzheimer’S Disease, Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage Uththara Sachinthanie Senarath, Lotta E. Oikari, Prashant Bharadwaj, Vijay Jayasena, Ralph N. Martins, Wanakulasuriya Mary Ann Dipika Binosha Fernando

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by amyloid-β plaque accumulation, tau tangles, and extensive neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation, driven by glial cells like microglia and astrocytes, plays a critical role in AD progression. Initially, these cells provide protective functions, such as debris clearance and neurotrophic support. However, as AD progresses, chronic activation of these cells exacerbates inflammation, contributing to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal loss, and cognitive decline. Microglia release pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), while astrocytes undergo reactive astrogliosis, further impairing neuronal health. This maladaptive response from glial cells significantly accelerates disease pathology. Current AD treatments primarily aim …

Microbial Biosensor For Sensing And Treatment Of Intestinal Inflammation, Duolong Zhu, Jeffrey Galley, Jason Pizzini, Elena Musteata, Martin V Douglas, Walter J Chazin, Eric P Skaar, Jeffrey J Tabor, Robert A Britton

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Synthetic biology has enabled the development of biosensors to detect intestinal inflammation, yet few target the clinically validated biomarker of intestinal inflammation calprotectin with both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Here, an optimized calprotectin biosensor is presented that leverages a zinc uptake regulator (Zur) controlled promoter coupled with a memory circuit to detect and record intestinal inflammation in vivo. The level of biosensor activation strongly correlates with calprotectin levels in the colon of two independent mouse models of colitis. Coupling of the biosensor with the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 allowed for the resolution of chemically induced colitis, demonstrating the …

Short-Term Neurologic Outcomes In Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Are Proportional To Bleeding Severity Graded By A Novel Bleeding Scale, Katherine Doane, Danielle Guffey, Laura L Loftis, Trung C Nguyen, Matthew A Musick, Amanda Ruth, Ryan D Coleman, Jun Teruya, Christine Allen, Melania M Bembea, Brian Boville, Jamie Furlong-Dillard, Santosh Kaipa, Mara Leimanis, Matthew P Malone, Lindsey K Rasmussen, Ahmed Said, Marie E Steiner, Deanna T Tzanetos, Heather Viamonte, Linda Wallenkamp, Arun Saini

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) need individualized nutrition support that is tailored to their particular disease severity, nutritional status, and therapeutic interventions. We aim to evaluate how calories and proteins are provided during the first seven days of hospitalization for children in critical condition with organ dysfunction (OD). A single-center retrospective cohort study of children aged 2–18 years, mechanically ventilated > 48 h, and admitted > 7 days to a PICU from 2016 to 2017 was carried out. Nutrition support included enteral and parenteral nutrition. We calculated scores for the Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) on days …

Metabolomic Data May Support The Development Of Personalized Nutrition Approaches To Type 2 Diabetes Management, Danielle J Lee, Shragvi Balaji, Jerome I Rotter, Alexis C Wood

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), and suboptimal diets continue to contribute substantially to the population burden of T2D. Personalized nutrition proponents argue that specializing recommendations to interindividual differences in diet-health relationships will yield reductions in disease risk. However, how to personalize diet, and to whom, to reduce T2D risk remains unclear. Metabolites offer promise in this respect, as they capture (in part) dietary intake after the processes of digestion, processing, and absorption. The incorporation of metabolite data into diet-health studies therefore offers the opportunity to examine how the effects of food on the …

Two Spectroscopy Devices Can Approximate Fruit And Vegetable Intake In A Racially And Ethnically Diverse Sample, Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts, Qiang Wu, Melissa N Laska, Nancy E Moran

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Assessing fruit and vegetable intake is important to determine the effectiveness of nutrition intervention studies. Few objective measures of fruit and vegetable intake have been directly compared within the same study participants.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the relative validity of 2 different skin spectrophotometry devices to serve as biomarkers of plasma carotenoid concentrations, self-reported fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), and carotenoid intake, to examine if both devices can be used to approximate FVI.

Methods: Human skin carotenoid scores (SCS, Veggie Meter-assessed) and color space measurement data from 2 prior studies were used. Participants' skin color space parameters …

A Brief Guide To Statistical Analysis Of Grouped Data In Preclinical Research, Colby J Vorland, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Clustering and nesting (C&N) arise in many preclinical studies such as when animals are group-housed, share litters, or in cell culture. Ignoring C&N undermines the validity of analyses. We explain how C&N arise and valid designs and analyses.

The Diabetes Prevention Program And Its Outcomes Study: Niddk's Journey Into The Prevention Of Type 2 Diabetes And Its Public Health Impact, Jill P Crandall, Dana Dabelea, William C Knowler, David M Nathan, Marinella Temprosa, Dpp Research Group

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The current-day epidemic of type 2 diabetes, largely driven by increased adiposity and reduced physical activity in the setting of genetic susceptibility, is a major public health challenge. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) presciently proposed the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a multicenter randomized clinical trial, designed by investigators in conjunction with NIDDK staff and initiated in 1996. The primary goal of DPP was to determine whether an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS) or metformin in comparison with placebo would reduce the development of diabetes in a high-risk population with prediabetes. After mean 2.8 years, ILS …

To Pause With A Cliffhanger Or A Temporary Closure? The Differential Impact Of Serial Versus Episodic Narratives On Children's Physical Activity Behaviors, Amy Shirong Lu, Melanie C Green, Caio Victor Sousa, Jungyun Hwang, I-Min Lee, Debbe Thompson, Tom Baranowski

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Research has supported the effectiveness of narratives for promoting health behavior, but different narrative presentation formats (serial vs. episodic) have seldom been compared. Suspense theories suggest that serial narratives, which do not provide a full resolution at the end of an episode, may create higher motivation for continued engagement with a story. Forty-four 8 to 12-year-old children were randomly assigned to watch an animation series designed for an existing active video game in which the plot was delivered either continuously across multiple episodes (serial) or in multiple yet relatively independent self-contained episodes (episodic). Controlling for social desirability, children who watched …

A Recipe For Disaster - Sodium Bicarbonate Overdose, Adeola A Kosoko, Amara Ogoke, Kyle Vogt

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Audience: Emergency medicine residents post-graduate years 1-4.

Introduction: Sodium bicarbonate is a compound found commonplace in many households and in many products. It lends itself to countless everyday uses including cooking and cleaning. Physicians prescribe sodium bicarbonate regularly both on- and off-label regularly for various ailments.1 Due to the ubiquitous way both emergency physicians and the general public use and are exposed to sodium bicarbonate, we wanted to prepare learners to identify and appropriately manage sodium bicarbonate toxicity.Obtaining a thorough history not just of medications prescribed but of significant ingestions or infusions is critical in diagnosing this toxicity. Furthermore, acute …

Heat Shock Induces Alternative Polyadenylation Through Dynamic Dna Methylation And Chromatin Looping, Emily E Fink, Yi Zhang, Briana Santo, Anwita Siddavatam, Rosie Ou, Vishal Nanavaty, Byron H Lee, Angela H Ting

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is a gene regulatory mechanism used by cells under stress to upregulate proteostasis-promoting transcripts, but how cells achieve this remains poorly understood. Previously, we elucidated a DNA methylation-regulated APA mechanism, in which gene body DNA methylation enhances distal poly(A) isoform expression by blocking CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding and chromatin loop formation at APA control regions. We hypothesized that DNA methylation-regulated APA is one mechanism cells employ to induce proteostasis-promoting poly(A) isoforms. At the DNAJB6 cochaperone locus, acute heat shock resulted in binding of stress response transcription factors heat shock factor 1, ATF6, and YY1 at …

Autologous T Cell Therapy For Prame, Martin Wermke, Dejka M Araujo, Manik Chatterjee, Apostolia M Tsimberidou, Tobias A W Holderried, Amir A Jazaeri, Ran Reshef, Carsten Bokemeyer, Winfried Alsdorf, Katrin Wetzko, Peter Brossart, Katrin Aslan, Linus Backert, Sebastian Bunk, Jens Fritsche, Swapna Gulde, Silvana Hengler, Norbert Hilf, Mohammad B Hossain, Jens Hukelmann, Mamta Kalra, Delfi Krishna, M Alper Kursunel, Dominik Maurer, Andrea Mayer-Mokler, Regina Mendrzyk, Ali Mohamed, Karine Pozo, Arun Satelli, Marilena Letizia, Heiko Schuster, Oliver Schoor, Claudia Wagner, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Carsten Reinhardt, Harpreet Singh-Jasuja, Steffen Walter, Toni Weinschenk, Jason J Luke, Cedrik M Britten

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In contrast to chimeric antigen receptor T cells, T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells can target intracellular tumor-associated antigens crucial for treating solid tumors. However, most trials published so far show limited clinical activity. Here we report interim data from a first-in-human, multicenter, open-label, 3 + 3 dose-escalation/de-escalation phase 1 trial studying IMA203, an autologous preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME)-directed TCR T cell therapy in HLA-A*02+ patients with PRAME+ recurrent and/or refractory solid tumors, including melanoma and sarcoma. Primary objectives include the evaluation of safety and tolerability and the determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended dose …

Functional Regulation Of Macrophages By Ces1d-Mediated Lipid Signaling In Immunometabolism, Long J Shao, Fathima Elizondo, Feng Gao, Rabie Habib, Xin Li, Katherine Pham, Jazmin Ysaguirre, Maryam Elizondo, Shirindokht Shirazi, Kristin L Eckel-Mahan, Sean Hartig, Huaizhu Wu, Kai Sun

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Macrophage accumulation in metabolically active tissues during obesity is common in both animals and humans, but the lipid signaling mechanisms that trigger macrophage inflammation remain unclear. This study investigates the role of Ces1d, an unconventional lipase, in regulating macrophage inflammation under nutritional stress.

Methods: A myeloid-specific Ces1d knockout (LysM-Cre-Ces1d floxed/floxed, KO) mouse model was used for the studies. For in vitro tests, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from control (Ces1d floxed/floxed, WT) and KO mice were assessed for migration, polarization, and activation. For in vivo experiments, WT and KO mice were induced to obesity via a high-fat diet (HFD) and …

A Phase 2 Trial Of Short-Term Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine In Biliary Atresia After Kasai Portoenterostomy, Sanjiv Harpavat, Kristin A Borovsky, Michael E Scheurer, Laurel Cavallo, Franca E Erhiawarie, Sanjeev Vasudevan, Adam M Vogel, Dana Cerminara, Elizabeth M Tessier, Kalyani R Patel, Sridevi Devaraj, Benjamin L Shneider

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: For infants with biliary atresia, the only treatment that can establish bile flow and delay need for liver transplant is the Kasai portoenterostomy (KP). Unfortunately, the KP has variable success. In this study, we hypothesized that intravenous N-acetylcysteine (IV NAC) treatment following KP would improve bile flow.

Methods: This was a phase 2 study following the two-stage "minimax" trial design. Participants received IV NAC (150 mg/kg/day) for 7 days after KP, and the primary endpoint was achieving total serum bile acids (TSBA) ≤10 μmol/L within 24 weeks of KP. Secondary endpoints were clinical markers and the occurrence of sentinel …

Muscle Rev-Erb Controls Time-Dependent Adaptations To Chronic Exercise In Mice, Jidong Liu, Fang Xiao, Abhinav Choubey, Udhaya Kumar S, Yanxiang Wang, Sungguan Hong, Tingting Yang, Husniye Gul Otlu, Ege Sanem Oturmaz, Emanuele Loro, Yuxiang Sun, Pradip Saha, Tejvir S Khurana, Li Chen, Xinguo Hou, Zheng Sun

Center on Aging Staff Publications

The best time of the day for chronic exercise training and the mechanism underlying the timing effects is unclear. Here, we show that low-intensity, low-volume treadmill training in mice before sleep yields greater benefits than after waking for muscle contractile performance and systemic glucose tolerance. Baseline muscle performance also exhibits diurnal variations, with higher strength but lower endurance before sleep than after waking. Muscle-specific knockout of circadian clock genes Rev-erbα/β (Rev-MKO) in male mice eradicates the diurnal variations in both training and baseline conditions without affecting muscle mass, mitochondrial content, food intake, or spontaneous activities. Multi-omics and metabolic measurements reveal …

Metabolic Clearance Rate Of Insulin Across The Glucose Tolerance Spectrum By Race And Ethnicity In Youth With Obesity, Wonhee Cho, Fida Bacha, Hala Tfayli, Sojung Lee, Sara F Michaliszyn, Joon Young Kim, Silva Arslanian

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: Despite β-cell failure in youth with dysglycemia (i.e., impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] and type 2 diabetes), fasting insulin (FI) concentrations are elevated. Herein, we examined the following: 1) metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) in youth with obesity and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) versus those with IGT versus those with type 2 diabetes; 2) racial and ethnic differences in insulin dynamics; and 3) metabolic/adiposity correlates of MCRI.

Methods: A total of 206 youth underwent assessment of fasting glucose, FI, MCRI and peripheral insulin sensitivity (PIS), first-phase insulin secretion, disposition index, body composition, and abdominal adiposity.

Results: In type 2 …

Defining Lipedema’S Molecular Hallmarks By Multi-Omics Approach For Disease Prediction In Women, Leon G Straub, Jan-Bernd Funcke, Nolwenn Joffin, Chanmin Joung, Sara Al-Ghadban, Shangang Zhao, Qingzhang Zhu, Ilja L Kruglikov, Yi Zhu, Paul R Langlais, Ruth Gordillo, Karen L Herbst, Philipp E Scherer

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Lipedema is a chronic disease in females characterized by pathologic subcutaneous adipose tissue expansion and hitherto remains without druggable targets. In this observational study, we investigated the molecular hallmarks of lipedema using an unbiased multi-omics approach. We found adipokine dysregulation in lipedema patients participating in a cross-sectional clinical study (ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT02838277), pointing towards the adipocyte as a key player. Analyses of newly generated transcriptomic (SRA, PRJNA940039) and proteomic (ProteomeXchange, PXD058489) datasets of early- and late-stage lipedema samples revealed a local downregulation of factors involved in inflammation. Concomitantly, factors involved in cellular respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, as well as in mitochondrial …

Unfolding The Mystery Of Autoimmunity: The Environmental Determinants Of Diabetes In The Young (Teddy) Study, Marian Rewers, Daniel Agardh, Suzanne Bennett Johnson, Ezio Bonifacio, Helena Elding Larsson, Patricia Gesualdo, William Hagopian, Michael J Haller, Heikki Hyöty, Randi Johnson, Richard Mcindoe, Eoin Mckinney, Jessica Melin, Åke Lernmark, Richard E Lloyd, Kristian F Lynch, Jill M Norris, Stephen S Rich, Roswith Roth, Desmond Schatz, Jorma Toppari, Eric Triplett, Kendra Vehik, Suvi M Virtanen, Anette-G Ziegler, Beena Akolkar, Jeffrey P Krischer, Teddy Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In 2025, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at the National Institutes of Health celebrates 75 years of leadership in diabetes research. The NIDDK serves people of the U.S. affected by or at risk for many chronic diseases, including diabetes and other endocrine, metabolic, and digestive disorders, by funding innovative research to develop better treatment and prevention and a cure for these conditions. Autoimmunity that leads to type 1 diabetes or celiac disease or thyroid autoimmunity affects 1 in 20 children and adolescents in the U.S. While treatments are available, prevention of these common autoimmune …

Inhibition Of Srebp-1c Rescues Hepatic Cyp7b1 Expression And Bile Acid Synthesis In Malnourished Mice, Xiaoyang Wan, Krishnakant G Soni, Jong Min Choi, Sun Yun Jung, Margaret E Conner, Geoffrey A Preidis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Malnutrition decreases intestinal bile acids, resulting in inefficient nutrient absorption and impaired catch-up growth. Mechanisms by which bile acid depletion occurs in malnutrition are unknown. Using a mouse model of early-life malnutrition, we explored bile acid homeostasis, focusing on transcriptional repression of CYP7B1, a rate-limiting enzyme in the alternative pathway of bile acid biosynthesis, by SREBP-1c, a master regulator of lipid metabolism. Mice were maintained on a low-protein low-fat or isocaloric control chow until eight weeks of age when livers were harvested for proteome profiling, western blot, RT-qPCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Cultured hepatocytes and mice were treated with the SREBP-1c …

Cardiac Rhythm Devices In Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction – Role, Timing, And Optimal Use In Contemporary Practice European Journal Of Heart Failure Expert Consensus Document, Biykem Bozkurt, Wilfried Mullens, Christophe Leclercq, Andrea M Russo, Gianluigi Savarese, Michael Böhm, Loreena Hill, Koichiro Kinugawa, Naoki Sato, William T Abraham, Antoni Bayes-Genis, Alexandre Mebazaa, Giuseppe M C Rosano, Shelley Zieroth, Cecilia Linde, Javed Butler

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Guidelines for management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) emphasize personalized care, patient engagement, and shared decision-making. Medications and cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices are recommended with a high level of evidence. However, there are significant disparities: patients who could benefit from devices are frequently referred too late or not at all. Misconceptions about device therapy and the notion that the needs of patients (especially the prevention of sudden cardiac death) can now be met by expanding drug therapies may play a role in these disparities. This state-of-the-art review is produced by members of the DIRECT HF initiative, …

Peran Prediktif Il-6, Il-10, Dan Tnf-Α Plasma Terhadap Gagal Ginjal Akut Pada Pasien Dengan Covid-19 Derajat Sedang Dan Berat, Dewi Gathmyr, Maruhum Bonar H Bonar, Adityo Susilo, Kuntjoro Harimurti, Ginova Nainggolan, Alvin Tagor, Hamzah Shatri, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana, Zulkifli Amin

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher mortality rate in COVID-19 patients due to inflammation and immune dysregulation. This study aimed to correlate serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α with serum creatinine changes and their roles to predict incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19.

Methods. This prospective cohort study was conducted among patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 in Pertamina Central Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia during November 2020 to January 2021. All serum levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and creatinine were collected on the first day and …

"The Growing Burden: Overweight And Obesity Prevalence And Risk Factors Among Medical College Students In Mysuru: A Cross-Sectional Study", Akansha ., Nayanabai Shabadi, Anchu R Nath, Ravipati Manogna

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

ABSTRACT:

Background:

The transition from adolescence to adulthood is often accompanied by significant lifestyle changes, including changes in dietary habits, physical activity levels, and stress, which can contribute to unhealthy weight gain. In India, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among youth has shown an upward trend, raising concerns about early onset of non-communicable diseases. This study aims to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among degree college students in Mysuru and to identify the associated socio-demographic and lifestyle factors contributing to these conditions.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted over three months, from January to March 2025, among …

Impact Of Lifestyle Factors On Breast Cancer Risk And Outcomes: A Scoping Review, Nada Alhazmi

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Aim: This scoping review summarizes evidence on the impact of environmental factors on breast cancer risks and outcomes.

Methodology: A systematic search was performed on PubMed, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect to identify peer-reviewed, English-only sources published between 2020 and 2025 on the impact of lifestyle factors on breast cancer risk and outcomes.

Results: A total of 15 studies (three cohort studies, two cross-sectional studies, five systematic reviews, four narrative reviews, and one case-controlled study) met the inclusion criteria. Evidence from the sources identified physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, obesity, alcoholism, tobacco smoking, menopause, and delayed first-first as lifestyle factors that impact breast …

Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids And Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Adults In Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Sarah N. Alsharif, Doaa A. Alyoubi, Wadyan R. Alzahrani, Sali M. Alamoudi, Abeer A. Aljahdali

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a potential modifiable factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. There is a dearth in the knowledge on PUFA knowledge and dietary intake among Saudis.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess PUFA knowledge and dietary intakes among Saudi Arabian adults with CVD risk factors. Furthermore, the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors related to PUFAs knowledge were investigated, shedding light on the factors associated with PUFAs.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 211 adults. The level of PUFAs knowledge was assessed using six close-ended questions, and a correct answer was worth one point. PUFAs intake was …

Relationship Of Prolonged Exclusive Breastfeeding To Infant Anemia, Maryam A. Ahmed, Aveen S. Shareef, Farhad S. Armishty, Dunya P. Nizar, Ronahi Y. Ibrahim, Lina Y. Mohammed, Snor H. Husain, Berivan R. Rajab, Omar Khatab, Dalal A. Jameel, Amna A. Omar, Iman H. Yaseen, Hevy A. Ahmad

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Anemia can adversely affect cognitive development in infants and children, potentially leading to challenges in cognition, motor control, social interaction, and neurophysiological functioning. Full-term infants do not develop iron deficiency anemia within the first four months of life, as they are born with sufficient iron stores accumulated during their intrauterine life. These stores are usually adequate for four to six months of postnatal life. However, exclusive breastfeeding beyond six months without iron supplementation can increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia, as breast milk does not provide enough iron to meet the growing infant’s demand. The American Academy of …

Bayesian-Weighted Mendelian Randomization Reveals Sleep Apnea Syndrome Mediates The Bmi-Chronic Pain Link, Wenbao Shi, Jing Luo, Liu Yang, Dalin Chen, Yongqin Zhang, Jun Peng, Kurt Ruetzler, Manyun Sun, Hua Jin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Body mass index (BMI) has a complex association with a variety of chronic pain conditions, which may be influenced by sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). However, the role of SAS within the causal pathway linking BMI to chronic pain remains unconfirmed. This study explored whether and to what extent SAS serves as a mediator between BMI and chronic pain using Bayesian-weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) techniques.

Methods: This study utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for BMI (N=461,460) and SAS (N=476,853; based on ICD-10 code diagnostic registries) from the IEU OpenGWAS database, along with chronic pain GWAS data (ICD-10 code-based …

Targeting Obesity: The Role Of Glp-1 Receptor Agonists In Achieving Sustainable Weight Loss, Brad Vamplew

Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science

This review critically evaluates the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist pharmacotherapy in managing obesity. Obesity is a health epidemic that affects 100 million Americans, and it puts individuals at higher risk for numerous health comorbidities over a lifetime. A comprehensive literature review was completed by utilizing PubMed and its clinical queries function to locate relevant research. The research information was narrowed down with a focus on obesity management and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for therapy. Numerous current clinical studies and trials were incorporated into this review. Many clinical trials substantiated the benefits of this pharmacotherapy for the management of …

Obesity And Its Effect On Work Performance, Erin Lajoie

Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science

This research aims to examine how obesity affects work productivity and performance and how companies can support their employees diagnosed with obesity. Obesity is a growing global health concern that has significant implications for decreased workplace productivity and performance. Obesity is considered a chronic complex disease often associated with hypertension (HTN), type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and heart disease that can lead to overall increases in healthcare costs for employers through increased absenteeism, presenteeism, and decreased efficiency. A systemic literature search was completed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, identifying multiple journal articles about obesity and productivity in the workplace …