Digital Commons Network^™

Looking Beyond Hospital Discharge: One-Year Mortality Following Tracheostomy Creation In Traumatically Injured Older Adults, Heather R Kregel, Jan-Michael Van Gent, Fatimah Sunez, Michael W Wandling, Krislynn M Mueck, Bryan A Cotton, David E Meyer, Laura J Moore, Lillian S Kao, Thaddeus J Puzio

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes following tracheostomy in older trauma patients and hypothesized that 1-year survival decreases with older age.

Methods: This was a descriptive analysis of intensive care unit patients ≥65 y old who underwent tracheostomy from 2015 to 2020. The National Death Index was accessed to determine time from tracheostomy creation to death. Groups were categorized by age. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Survival by age strata was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results: Of 205 eligible patients, 125 (61%) were 65-74, 68 (33%) were 75-84, and 12 (6%) were >85 y old. Median injury …

Systematic Review And Evidence Gap Mapping Of Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker Studies In Those With Intellectual And Developmental Disability, Lubnaa B. Abdullah, Ney Alex Alliey, Emma Elizondo, Ney Alliey Rodriguez, Gladys Maestre, James Hall

School of Medicine Publications

There are a relatively small number of investigations into brain aging in those with intellectual and developmental disability (I/DD). This project seeks to (1) characterize the internationally available multi-omics Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker studies including those with I/DD, and (2) discuss future research directions. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched under the following criteria: cross-sectional or longitudinal AD-omics studies on adults (18 +) with I/DD. 532 studies were identified, 186 studies were evaluated for full-text, 79 studies were excluded, and 117 studies were extracted. Most biological specimens were analyzed in blood, plasma, or serum. Metabolomics, hormonomics, and transcriptomics …

Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Artificial Intelligence Among Healthcare Professionals: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey, Nikhil R, Divya K L, Mahabaleshwar Mamadapur, Harshwardhan S Patil, Shashirekha B, Hema Sameera Pinnam, Purna Bansal

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background: Deep learning-powered Artificial Intelligence-driven assistance offers enormous potential to improve healthcare by facilitating administrative work, diagnosis, and the treatment of chronic diseases. The gap between clinical values and the day-to-day realities of primary care practice might widen if AI is not successfully incorporated.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to evaluate healthcare professionals' perceptions and understanding of AI within a clinical setting. The study was conducted among 456 Health care Workers from May to November 2024.

Results: Among 456 participants, 55.7% were MBBS students/interns, and 37.9% were postgraduates/professionals. More than 50% supported AI integration, and 62.3% of MBBS …

The Late Positive Potential Predicts Contingency Management Outcomes For Cocaine Use Disorder, Heather E Webber, Douglas J Calvillo, Francesco Versace, Constanza De Dios, Robert Suchting, Charles E Green, Scott D Lane, Joy M Schmitz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Contingency management (CM) relies on motivation and reward processing and is among the most effective treatments available for cocaine use disorder (CUD), yet success rates do not meet desired clinical efficacy. To improve treatment-individual fit, we investigated the late positive potential (LPP), a measure of incentive salience to cues, as a predictor of treatment response. Treatment-seeking adults with CUD (N = 58) completed an EEG task where they viewed pleasant, unpleasant, cocaine, and neutral images. Participants received CM and counseling for four weeks. Urine was collected thrice weekly. We defined incentive salience to cues by A) cluster analyses on LPP …

Isatuximab Plus Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, And Dexamethasone For Transplant-Ineligible Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Frailty Subgroup Analysis Of The Imroz Trial, Salomon Manier, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos, Xavier P Leleu, Philippe Moreau, Michele Cavo, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Robert Z Orlowski, Muriel Tron, Christina Tekle, Marie-France Brégeault, Andrea T Shafer, Meral Beksac, Thierry Facon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) meeting frailty criteria have worse outcomes than those identified as non-frail. Here, we present a post hoc subgroup analysis of IMROZ, a global, phase III, open-label study investigating isatuximab (Isa) with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd) followed by Isa-Rd (N=265) versus VRd followed by Rd (N=181) in newly diagnosed transplant-ineligible MM (Ti NDMM) patients using the simplified International Myeloma Working Group (sIMWG) frailty score. Although patients aged >80 years were excluded, there was no exclusion for patients meeting frailty criteria. All patients received standard VRd/Rd dosing; Isa-VRd patients received intravenous Isa (cycle 1, 10 mg/kg …

Immune Impacts Of Fire Smoke Exposure, Mary M Johnson, Abhinav Kaushik, Olivia A Kline, Eric M Smith, Xiaoying Zhou, Yagiz Pat, Laura Buergi, Juan Aguilera, Shifaa Alkotob, Elisabeth M Simonin, Alberto Favaro, Miguel Couto, Oscar Bennett, R Sharon Chinthrajah, Ella Parsons, Mohamed Shamji, Marshall Burke, Melissa Bondy, Mubeccel Akdis, Cezmi A Akdis, Kari C Nadeau

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Fire smoke exposure has become a global health concern and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of understanding of the specific immune mechanisms involved in smoke exposure with preventative and targeted interventions needed. After exposure to fire smoke, which includes PM2.5, toxic metals and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), epidemiology-based studies demonstrate increases in respiratory (e.g. asthma exacerbations), cardiac (e.g. myocardial infarctions, arrhythmias), neurologic (e.g. stroke) and pregnancy-related (e.g. low birthweight, premature births) outcomes. However, mechanistic studies exploring how smoke exposure disrupts cellular homeostasis are lacking. Therefore, we collected blood from smoke-exposed individuals (n …

Using Extension-Based Mrna Display To Design Antibody-Like Proteinogenic Peptides For Human Pd-L1, Justin N Ong, Brian J Grindel, Scott A Rankin, Sarah H Naylon, Anupallavi Srinivasamani, Guillaume J Trusz, Xiaowen Liang, Md Nasir Uddin, Lauren Fuller, Michael Curran, Stephane P Roche, Terry T Takahashi, Richard W Roberts, Steven W Millward

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Many peptide drugs rely on nonproteinogenic amino acids and chemical modifications for improved activity and proteolytic stability. However, these features also make drug production expensive and challenging to scale. Here, we engineered small, linear, proteinogenic peptides that bind human programmed death-ligand 1 (hPD-L1) with high affinity and stability using mRNA display affinity maturation. The resulting peptides, SPAM2 and SPAM3, have antibody-like affinities for hPD-L1 (dissociation constants between ~250 and 300 pM) and are selective for hPD-L1. Both SPAM2 and SPAM3 compete with hPD-L1 ligands known to interact with the programmed cell death protein 1 site and are stable in human …

¡Iniciando! La Adultez (Launching! To Adulthood): A Cultural And Linguistic Adaptation Of A Group Therapy Program For Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder Transitioning To Adulthood, Antonio F Pagán, Katherine A Loveland, Ron Acierno

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: The transition to adulthood is a formative period of development for young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as they work towards independence and managing adult responsibilities. While evidence-based interventions have been developed for young adults with ASD, they have rarely been culturally and linguistically adapted for the Latino, Spanish-speaking community. The present study provided initial feasibility and acceptability data for a therapy program for Latino young adults with ASD transitioning to adulthood and their Spanish-speaking parents.

Methods: The culturally adapted and translated intervention, called ¡Iniciando! la Adultez, is a 10-week therapy program based on an evidence-based treatment ( …

A Multi-Institutional Multi-Methods Analysis Of Jeopardy Systems In Academic Hospital Medicine, Kirsten N Kangelaris, Angela Keniston, Andrew D Auerbach, Gregory Bowling, Marisha Burden, Shradha A Kulkarni, Luci K Leykum, Anne S Linker, Matthew Sakumoto, Jeffrey Schnipper, Gopi Astik

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Hospital medicine programs use backup ("jeopardy") systems to cover unexpected staffing gaps, but little is known about their structures or optimal practices.

Objectives: To describe jeopardy structures, assess clinician perceptions, and identify potential approaches across a broad sample of hospital medicine groups.

Methods: This multi-methods study, conducted within a national hospitalist consortium, used virtual focus groups and an email survey to (1) describe the presence and structure of jeopardy systems and (2) explore features perceived as fair, equitable, and tolerable. Rapid qualitative analysis identified major themes, while descriptive methods analyzed survey data.

Results: Twenty-five individuals participated in focus groups, …

Eugenics And Polygenic Embryo Screening: Public, Clinician, And Patient Perceptions Of Conditions Versus Traits, Dorit Barlevy, Rémy A Furrer, Asha Kalapatapu, Abigail Martinez, Todd Lencz, Shai Carmi, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz, Stacey Pereira

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Purpose: Polygenic embryo screening (PES) estimates an embryo's genetic chances of developing complex conditions (eg, cancer) and traits (eg, height). Stakeholders have raised concerns that PES promotes eugenic practices and ideology.

Methods: We surveyed a nationally representative sample of the US public on approval of screening embryos for 12 conditions and 12 traits and examined the association between disapproval and concern about eugenics. We also conducted semistructured interviews with US-based reproductive endocrinology and infertility specialists and patients undergoing in vitro fertilization on their perspectives toward PES.

Results: Among the US public (n = 1423), disapproval of screening embryos for traits …

Heightened Risk: Childhood Trauma And Anticipatory Grief Exacerbate The Impact Of Loneliness On Depressive Symptoms And Lps-Stimulated Cytokines In Dementia Caregivers, Kelly N Brice, Jensine Paoletti-Hatcher, E Lydia Wu-Chung, Vincent D Lai, Daniel L Argueta, Michelle A Chen, Itee Mahant, Bryan T Denny, Charles Green, Luis D Medina, Paul Schulz, Jennifer Stinson, Samantha K Henry, Cobi Heijnen, Christopher P Fagundes

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Dementia spousal caregivers are at a disproportionate risk for adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Loneliness is associated with depressive symptoms and proinflammatory cytokine production among caregivers. Additionally, childhood trauma, anticipatory grief, and poor sleep quality are all associated with enhanced stress reactivity. This study used a cross-sectional design to investigate whether loneliness is associated with proinflammatory cytokine production and depressive symptoms in caregivers, and whether these relationships are strongest among caregivers who report high levels of childhood trauma, high amounts of anticipatory grief, or poor sleep quality. A sample of 111 dementia spousal caregivers provided blood samples and completed …

Current Controversies In Prenatal Diagnosis 2: Conventional Postmortem Examination Remains The Gold Standard For The Anatomical Examination Of Fetal Loss, J Ciaran Hutchinson, Lorraine Potocki, Ignatia B Van Den Veyver

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

A comprehensive postmortem examination is an essential component of a work-up after stillbirth. Its findings can support accurate counseling of parents about causes and risk of recurrence. It also supports providers' decisions about most appropriate testing and management plans for future pregnancy to prevent recurrence. Informing parents about fetal autopsy and obtaining their consent is challenging, and conducting a fetal autopsy requires expertise that is, not universally available. Newer non-invasive or minimally invasive methods such as postmortem MRI and targeted biopsies can replace or supplement autopsies, but one must recognize that expertise in these methods is likewise not broadly available. …

Patient-Centered Management Of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding While On Anticoagulation: A Survey Study, Benjamin Barnett, Rushad Patell, Dana Angelini, Leben Tefera, Jordan K Schaefer, Ang Li, Alejandra Gutierrez Bernal, Shruti Chaturvedi, Anjlee Mahajan, Leslie Lake, Jori May, Anna L Parks

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Nearly three-quarters of women experience heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) during anticoagulation treatment for venous thromboembolism (VTE). HMB can lead to medical interventions, impact school or work and diminish quality of life (QOL). While there are several management options for HMB in patients with VTE, we lack information on how patients approach HMB treatment decisions.

Objectives: We examined patients' experience with, perceptions of, and preferences for treatment of HMB while on anticoagulation.

Methods: Clinicians and patient advocates developed a web-based survey that was distributed via patient advocacy organizations and social media between May and June 2024, targeting participants 18 years …

A Fascination With Gastrointestinal Viruses, Mary Kolb Estes

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

My arrival into this world came quickly, according to my mother, and it feels like my life has mirrored that rapid beginning. I have enjoyed a rich, varied, and stimulating life and career that have gone through several phases. I credit genetics, my family, technological advances, and many environmental factors for shaping my career. Being a virologist allowed me to be curious and creative and to make several unexpected discoveries. This has been a fun and rewarding journey, but it wasn't always easy. I am not accustomed to talking about myself, but I am happy to share some scientific achievements …

De Novo Pathogenic Csf1r Variant Implicates Microglial Dysfunction In Pathogenesis Of Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome, Kristen S Fisher, Jesse M Levine, Alexander Ankar, Ruizhi Duan, Yi Chen Lai, Eyal Muscal, Sarah R Risen, James J Riviello, Pei-Chien Tsai, Daniel G Calame

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare presentation of refractory status epilepticus following a febrile illness with resulting refractory epilepsy. Evidence supports the presence of immune dysregulation in patients with FIRES, but a monogenic basis for FIRES has not been identified in most cases. We present a case of a previously healthy 16-year-old male with FIRES who was found to have a de novo predicted damaging missense variant in CSF1R on clinical whole genome sequencing, a gene encoding a critical regulator of microglial homeostasis in which pathogenic variants cause adult onset leukoencephalopathy. Molecular modeling demonstrates that the CSF1R variant …

Changes In Child Placement After Child Abuse Pediatrics Consultation For Suspected Physical Abuse, Kristine A Campbell, Antoinette L Laskey, Daniel M Lindberg, M Katherine Henry, Porcia Vaughn, James D Anderst, Megan M Letson, Angela N Bachim, Nancy S Harper, Carmen M Coombs, Lori D Frasier, Joanne N Wood

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: The association between child abuse pediatric (CAP) assessments and child welfare outcomes is unknown.

Objective: To determine the association between a CAP determination of the likelihood of physical abuse and change in child placement. We hypothesized that child race would be associated with CAP determination of abuse likelihood and child welfare outcomes.

Participants and setting: Children under age ten years with in-person CAP consultation and referral to child protective services for suspected physical abuse at a U.S. pediatric referral center participating in CAPNET, a CAP research network, from 02/2021 to 01/2023.

Methods: We created a series of generalized estimating …

Experiences Of Emotional Support Among Parents Of Children And Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study, Sahar S Eshtehardi, Marissa N Baudino, Barbara J Anderson, Deborah I Thompson, David G Marrero, Marisa E Hilliard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Parents of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience substantial disease-specific demands and distress, yet their perceptions about the emotional support they receive related to the challenges of caring for a child with diabetes have not been well described. This research aimed to characterize the types of emotional support parents of youth with T1D receive and how they experience emotional support.

Methods: As part of a larger qualitative study on diabetes health-related quality of life, 23 parents (96% mothers) of youth with T1D (M age = 10.9 ± 3.8 years; 35% female) completed semi-structured interviews about various aspects of …

Prenatal Obsessive Beliefs Predict Postpartum Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: A Prospective Study, Jonathan S Abramowitz, Samantha N Hellberg, Janice Krasnow, Joseph B Friedman, Nicholas S Myers, Paul S Nestadt, Heidi J Ojalehto, Emily K Juel, Jack Samuels, Mary E Kimmel, Lauren M Osborne, Eric A Storch, Gerald Nestadt, Rashelle J Musci

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This longitudinal study examined whether specific cognitive patterns during pregnancy predict postpartum obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. A diverse sample of 256 women was assessed at 20 weeks of pregnancy (Time 1), 6 weeks postpartum (Time 2; n = 233), and 6 months postpartum (Time 3; n = 231). At each point, participants completed interview and/or self-report measures of OC symptoms, psychological distress, and obsessive beliefs (i.e., cognitive patterns related to OC symptoms). Postpartum OC symptoms were common, reported by 87.1 % at Time 2 and 74.5 % at Time 3. Stronger prenatal obsessive beliefs during pregnancy predicted greater postpartum OC symptom …

Optical Coherence Tomography Enables The Depth-Resolved Measurement Of Cilia Beat Frequency In Ex Vivo Human Fallopian Tubes, Dilara J Long, Tian Xia, Photini F Rice, Deirdre M Scully, Makayla Johnson, Ryan Mistifer, Andrea Aguirre, John M Heusinkveld, Irina V Larina, Jennifer K Barton

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: The movement of cilia in the fallopian tubes (FTs) facilitates important processes involved in fertility, and abnormalities in cilia function are linked with diseases including endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease. For the first time, we demonstrate the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to create depth-resolved mapping of motile cilia locations and quantify cilia beat frequency (CBF) in human FT samples ex vivo.

Methods: Segments of the FT ampulla were acquired from five patients following salpingectomy under an IRB approved protocol. The samples were longitudinally opened to expose the luminal surface for imaging. A sequence of at least 500 …

Moderate Coffee And Tea Consumption Is Associated With Slower Cognitive Decline, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Kelsey R. Sewell, Belinda M. Brown, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Ralph N. Martins, Samantha L. Gardener

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Globally, coffee and tea are consumed extensively, potentially providing neuroprotection through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects. Objective: This study aimed to investigate associations between coffee and tea intake and cognitive function. Methods: In a longitudinal prospective cohort study, dementia-free (n = 8715; age range 60.0–85.2 years) older adults from the UK Biobank self-reported coffee and tea intake over the previous year; ‘never’, ‘moderate’ (1–3 cups/day), or ‘high’ (≥4 cups/day). Participants completed cognitive assessments at ≥2 timepoints (mean of 9.11 years). Results: Those ‘never’ consuming coffee and ‘moderate’ coffee consumers (β = 0.06, p = 0.005; β = 0.07, p <  0.001, respectively), as well as ‘moderate’ tea consumers and ‘high’ tea consumers (β = 0.06, p = 0.009; β = 0.06, p = 0.003, respectively) had slower fluid intelligence decline. Additionally, those ‘never’ consuming coffee and ‘moderate’ coffee consumers had a slower increase in pairs matching errors (β = −0.05, p = 0.022; β = 0.05, p = 0.013) compared to ‘high’ consumers. Conclusions: ‘Moderate’ coffee, and ‘moderate’ and ‘high’ tea intake may be a protective factor against cognitive decline. Randomized controlled trials are required to establish causal relationships leading to evidence-based recommendations regarding benefits of coffee and tea intake.

Identifying Novel Fibrotic Mechanisms Underlying Treatment-Resistant Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction, Quentin Darcy

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

ABSTRACT

IDENTIFYING NOVEL FIBROTIC MECHANISMS UNDERLYING TREATMENT-RESISTANT LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION

August 2025

Quentin D’Arcy, B.S., University of Massachusetts Amherst

Ph.D., University of Massachusetts Boston

Directed by Dr. Jill Macoska

Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is a common, age-related disease that affects millions of men over the age of 50. Current treatment for this and other related prostate diseases concentrate on decreasing benign prostate growth and relaxing smooth muscle contractions to alleviate urinary voiding symptoms. However, up to 45% of patients with LUTD are treatment-resistant and require surgical intervention to resolve prostate issues. By focusing on the contribution of inflammation-derived …

An Investigation Into The Potent Anticancer, Antimicrobial, And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of A Punica Granatum Nanoemulgel, Ahmad M Eid, Murad Abualhasan, Yara Khaliliya, Zeina Sinan, Aya Khaliliya

BioMedicine

Purpose: The objective of this study is to formulate a nanoemulgel using Punica granatum (P. granatum) seed oil and study the antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: The process to formulate a nanoemulsion from P. granatum seed oil involved using the self-nanoemulsifying technique, with Span 80 and Tween 80 serving as the emulsifying agents. Carbopol hydrogel was combined with the nanoemulsion to produce the nanoemulgel. The particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), rheological behavior, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties were subsequently examined.

Results: The nanoemulsion formulation with a PDI of 0.229 and a particle size of 189.44 nm was …

Ras-Membrane Interaction And Oligomerization: There Is More Than Meets The Eye, Abraham C Sianoya, Vijay K Bhardwaj, Alemayehu A Gorfe

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Membrane association is fundamental to Rat sarcoma (RAS) function, driving both its physiologic signaling and oncogenic transformation. This review consolidates recent advances in the study of RAS-membrane interactions, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms underlying its membrane engagement and oligomerization. We first discuss the roles of RAS lipid modification and conformational diversity of its intrinsically disordered C-terminus in these processes, and we then examine the debate surrounding RAS dimerization and its potential role in the formation of higher-order oligomers. By integrating emerging insights into these issues, we offer our own perspectives on the driving forces of RAS oligomerization and propose potential new …

It Takes A Village: Addressing Community Needs To Implement Firearm Prohibitions For Domestic Violence Protective Order Respondents, Kellie R Lynch, Michael K Gusmano, Jeff R Temple, Sarah Lane

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Prohibiting domestic violence protective order (DVPO) respondents from firearms is an effective strategy to prevent intimate partner homicide. However, DVPO gun laws vary considerably across states, and the implementation of such laws is inconsistent across localities. Local context, such as resource availability, priorities, and politics, differs across types of communities and impacts the implementation of laws. We conducted in-depth key informant interviews with victim service and criminal justice professionals (N = 27) working in urban communities, rural communities, and statewide organizations to better understand: (a) what communities need to effectively prohibit DVPO respondents from firearms (i.e., the DVPO gun …

Suppression Of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy By A Macrophage Efferocytosis Receptor, Sahil Shah, Aparnaa Ananthakrishnan, Matthew Deberge, Kristofor Glinton, Rebecca T L Jones, Mallory Filipp, Ivana Shen, Joey Lockhart, Connor W Lantz, Edward B Thorp

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy remains a major cause of late morbidity following heart transplantation. While accumulating evidence implicates innate macrophages in the inflammatory progression of CAV, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In murine models of CAV, we identified proteolytic cleavage of MERTK, a key anti-inflammatory receptor on macrophages, as a contributing factor to CAV progression. In a model of CAV, MERTK deficiency accelerated allograft rejection and increased intimal leukocyte infiltration. In contrast, mice expressing a genetically cleavage-resistant form of MERTK (MertkCR/CR) exhibited prolonged graft survival, reduced intimal thickening, diminished immune cell infiltration, and decreased circulating effector T cells. …

Ifit3 Activation Significantly Contributes To Hiv-1-Associated Neurodegenerative Disorder-Mediated Neuroinflammation, Ranjit Kumar Das, Nirakar Sahoo, Deepa Roy, Chun Xu, Jose Galarza, Maria Camila Mejia Garza, Hansapani Rodrigo, Asim K. Duttaroy, Upal Roy

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Introduction: The advent of effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly improved HIV-1 treatment, saving millions of lives. However, HAND remains a concern, particularly among aging individuals with HIV-1. The mechanisms underlying HAND are not well understood.

Methods: This study investigated the role of interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) and its upstream regulator, signal transducer, and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), in HAND pathology. Using the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and HIV-infected humanized mice, we examined the effects of the cART drugs, HIV Tat protein, and HIV-1 virus on STAT1 and IFIT3 expression.

Results: The results showed that …

Evaluating The Efficacy And Safety Of Milrinone For Prevention Of Post-Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure Syndrome (The Midas Trial) In Extremely Preterm Infants: A Multicentre, Double-Masked, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Patrick J Mcnamara, Valerie Y Chock, Adrianne Rahde-Bischoff, Jenna Gabrio, Karen J Johnson, Heidi M Harmon, Diana Montoya-Williams, Tarah T Colaizy, Anup C Katheria, Felix Ines, Keira Sorrells, Cheryl Battersby, Philip T Levy, Matthew A Rysavy, Shazia Bhombal, Matthew M Laughon, Ben Carper, Susan R Hintz, Abhik Das, Edward F Bell

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Post-ligation cardiac syndrome (PLCS) represents a state of severe post-intervention cardiopulmonary instability, seen in up to 50% of extremely premature infants after surgical closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA); yet an evidence-based approach to treatment of this condition does not exist. The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of prophylactic milrinone in reducing incidence of PLCS and/or mortality within the first 7 days following PDA closure. The central hypothesis is that administration of intravenous milrinone will reduce the incidence of PLCS or death within 7 days of PDA closure either by percutaneous device …

Multiplex Imaging Mass Cytometry Reveals Prognostic Immunosuppressive Subpopulations And Macrophage-Driven Metastasis In Osteosarcoma, Benjamin B Gyau, Junyan Wang, Weiguo Wu, Brooks Scull, Angela M Major, Weidong Jin, Justin M M Cates, John Hicks, Tsz-Kwong Man

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that mostly affects kids and teens. The biggest danger is when the cancer spreads to the lungs, and current treatments do not work well for those cases. Immunotherapy, which helps the body’s immune system fight cancer, has worked for other cancers but is limited for osteosarcoma because we do not fully understand the environment around the tumor. Our research looked at various cells around the tumor to study why patients have worse outcomes. We found that certain cells, called M2 macrophages (M2) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which weaken the immune system, are …

Pfkfb3 Activates Cad To Enhance De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis For Cell Growth, Qingen Da, Yongfeng Cai, Qian Ma, Qiuhua Yang, Yapeng Cao, Yaqi Zhou, Dingwei Zhao, Zhiping Liu, Jiean Xu, Junming Quan, Liang Zhang, Rui Wang, Xuejun Jiang, Xiao Liu, Kunfu Ouyang, Zhen Han, Jikui Liu, Tao Wang, Chunxiang Zhang, Neal L Weintraub, David J R Fulton, Jun Zhao, Mei Hong, Zigang Li, Yuqing Huo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Aerobic glycolysis, termed the Warburg effect, is one of the aberrant metabolic pathways in highly proliferating cells. Glycolysis provides glycolytic metabolites to support the generation of biomass, such as nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids. Research on the direct interactions between glycolysis and other metabolic pathways is an emerging field that has garnered significant interest. Phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) activates glycolysis by synthesizing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP), which allosterically activates the rate-limiting enzyme 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1). In this study, we found that PFKFB3 directly interacts with and regulates the phosphorylation of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD), the enzyme catalyzing the first three …

Intouch Week Of August 25, 2025, New York Medical College

InTouch

• Enhancing Campus Operations
• Celebrating NYMC and Metropolitan Hospital
• New Speech-Language Pathology Students Begin Their Academic Journey
• Historical Hahnemann Hospital Clock Adorns Sunshine Cottage Lobby
• Psoriasis and Cardiovascular Disease Link Not Clearly Recognized by Patients
• Student Spotlight: SOM Student Helps Develop Innovative Anesthesia App for WMC Residents