Digital Commons Network^™

Novel Approaches To Enhance Translational Readthrough Efficacy For Cystic Fibrosis Nonsense Mutations, Jyoti Sharma

All ETDs from UAB

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease caused by over 1,900 naturally occurring variants in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR is an epithelial anion channel which regulates the movement of chloride and bicarbonate ions. Mutations in the CFTR causes diminished CFTR protein and/or reduced CFTR function that lead to clinical manifestations. These include severe epithelial dysfunction of multiple tissues, including the lungs, intestine, pancreas, and reproductive organs. Premature termination codons (PTC), or nonsense mutations, are among the most severe CFTR variants and occur in ~11% of the CF population. PTCs are caused by the presence of …

Differences In The M1 And M2 Macrophage Subtypes Between The Sexes Determine Susceptibility To Francisella Tularensis Infection, Michelle Arlene Sanchez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of the human disease tularemia. It is highly infectious with as few as 10 microorganisms via inhalation causing a lethal infection. F. tularensis infects a variety of cell types, including macrophages and neutrophils, since it needs to enter, survive and proliferate in order to cause pathogenicity. Disease is the result of over activating the host's own inflammatory response initiated by the macrophage's response to infection.

Known differences exist in the intensity of the inflammatory response between the sexes which leads to differences in sensitivity to autoimmune and infectious disease. Males tend to be more …

Relationship Between Headache And Internet Addiction In Children, İlknur Böyükbaş Tepeci̇k, Ayşegül Neşe Çitak Kurt, Selma Tural Hesapçioğlu, Mehmet Uğurlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: We aimed to investigate Internet addiction in pediatric patients with migraine- and tension-type headache in this study. Materials and methods: Among our 200 subjects, 103 had migraine-type headache and 97 had tension-type headache. Results: Headache triggered by computer use was more common in the migraine-type headache group. There was no difference between the Internet addiction scale score of the two groups. The Internet addiction scale scores of the patients were found to differ depending on the aim and duration of computer use. Internet addiction was found in six (6%) patients. Internet addiction prevalence was 3.7% and 8.5% in the …

Methods For Monitoring Matrix-Induced Autophagy., Carolyn Chen, Aastha Kapoor, Renato V. Iozzo

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

A growing body of research demonstrates modulation of autophagy by a variety of matrix constituents, including decorin, endorepellin, and endostatin. These matrix proteins are both pro-autophagic and anti-angiogenic. Here, we detail a series of methods to monitor matrix-induced autophagy and its concurrent effects on angiogenesis. We first discuss cloning and purifying proteoglycan fragment and core proteins in the laboratory and review relevant techniques spanning from cell culture to treatment with these purified proteoglycans in vitro and ex vivo. Further, we cover protocols in monitoring autophagic progression via morphological and microscopic characterization, biochemical western blot analysis, and signaling pathway investigation. Downstream …

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapeutic Delivery: Translational Challenges To Clinical Application, Henry Caplan, Scott D Olson, Akshita Kumar, Mitchell George, Karthik S Prabhakara, Pamela Wenzel, Supinder Bedi, Naama E Toledano-Furman, Fabio Triolo, Julian Kamhieh-Milz, Guido Moll, Charles S Cox

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

For several decades, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied for their therapeutic potential across a wide range of diseases. In the preclinical setting, MSCs demonstrate consistent ability to promote tissue healing, down-regulate excessive inflammation and improve outcomes in animal models. Several proposed mechanisms of action have been posited and demonstrated across an array of in vitro models. However, translation into clinical practice has proven considerably more difficult. A number of prominent well-funded late-phase clinical trials have failed, thus calling out for new efforts to optimize product delivery in the clinical setting. In this review, we discuss novel …

Colostrum Immunoglobulins And Oxidative Capacity May Be Affected By Infant Sex And Maternal Age And Parity, Davut Si̇nan Kaplan, Cahi̇t Bağci, Mustafa Örkmez, Özge Kömürcü Karuserci̇, Seyhun Sucu, Haki̇m Çeli̇k, Seyi̇than Taysi

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The aims of this study were to determine the levels of the total antioxidant status (TAS), the total oxidant status (TOS), the oxidative stress index (OSI), and the concentration of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and M (IgM) in colostrum, and evaluate relationships between these parameters and maternal age, maternal parity, and infant sex. Materials and methods: The analysis was performed in serum samples of colostrum which were collected from 90 mothers on the first day of lactation between 10:00 and 12:00 AM.Results: The measurements established that no significant association existed between the TAS level of colostrum and parity, maternal age, or …

Serum Fetuin-A Is Associated With The Components Of Miac(Malnutrition, Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, Calcification) Syndrome In Different Stages, Rüya Mutluay, Ceyla Konca Değerteki̇n, Emel Işiktaş Sayilar, Ülver Deri̇ci̇, Serap Gülteki̇n, Sevi̇m Gönen, Seli̇m Turgay Arinsoy, Mahmut Şükrü Si̇ndel

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Fetuin-A, a circulating inhibitor of calcification, is a marker of inflammatory-nutritional state. We evaluated the association between serum fetuin-A levels and vascular calcification, intima-media thickness, and nutritional and inflammatory markers in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and methods: CKD patients were sampled for calcium-phosphate parameters and nutritional and inflammatory markers [highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)], and serum fetuin-A levels. Intima-media thicknesses of the common carotid arteries (CIMT) were measured. Peripheral artery calcification scores were obtained.Results: A total of 238 patients were included in the study. Fetuin-A levels in patients with end-stage renal disease were significantly lower …

Comparison Of Venous Repair Results Using Either Arterial Or Vein Grafts In A Crush-Avulsion Injury Model, Selami̇ Serhat Şi̇rvan, Işil Akgün Demi̇r, Fati̇h Irmak, Dağhan Dağdelen, Kamuran Zeynep Sevi̇m, Ayşe Ayşi̇m Özağari, Ayşi̇n Karasoy Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Venous insufficiency after replantation or revascularization is one of the most common causes of limb loss in either the short or the long term. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of a new technique to overcome venous insufficiency.Materials and Methods: A crush-avulsion type of injury was formed in the femoral veins of rats of 3 separate groups. In the control group, primary repair was applied to the damaged veins and the remaining 2 groups were repaired with either an arterial graft or a vein graft. The success rates of anastomosis were then compared.Results: In the …

Comparison Of Bactericidal And Fungicidal Efficacy Of Antiseptic Formulations According To En 13727 And En 13624 Standards, Asli Şahi̇ner, Ece Halat, Evren Alğin Yapar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the five most commonly used antiseptic formulations were evaluated in terms of different contact times and organic conditions. Materials and methods: Solutions of chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone iodine, isopropyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and tincture of iodine were prepared and tested according to European standards EN 13727 and EN 13624 with different parameters.Results: The results showed that isopropyl alcohol (70% v/v) and tincture of iodine (2%) had greater bactericidal and fungicidal activity against the four tested bacteria and two fungi in all conditions.Conclusion: When the results of the five different active substances …

Incivility Among Radiography Educators In The United States, Kevin R. Clark, Jessyca B. Wagner

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Medical imaging education must nurture a civil environment for both students and educators. Because faculty incivility can potentially compromise learning and interfere with workplace productivity, this study examined the perceptions of incivility among radiography educators in the United States.

Methods: A survey research method was designed to examine the severity and frequency of incivility among educators teaching in radiography programs accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JCERT). Using a scale of 1 to 4, the participants in this study considered their perceptions of faculty incivility among radiography educators within their respective departments.

Results: Civility …

Toward An Understanding Of The Clinical Relevance Of Nitric Oxide (No) Measurements In In Vitro Cell Culture Studies, Maria Paula Kwesiga

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the most challenging complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Every 1 in 4 patients with DM are expected to develop an ulcer in their life time. The time course of healing is on average 90 to 120 days which increases the risks of infection, amputations and death. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule produced in the body that has been established in the literature to serve many roles in the body, including as a vasodilator, neurotransmitter immune modulator and antimicrobial agent. Emerging evidence has shown that NO is indispensable in every stage …

Ehdv-2 Infection Prevalence Varies In Culicoides Sonorensis After Feeding On Infected White-Tailed Deer Over The Course Of Viremia, Sandra Y. Mendiola, Mary K. Mills, Elin Maki, Barbara S. Drolet, William C. Wilson, Roy D. Berghaus, David E. Stallknecht, Jonathan Breitenbach, D. Scott Mcvey, Mark G. Ruder

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (EHDVs) are arboviral pathogens of white-tailed deer and other wild and domestic ruminants in North America. Transmitted by various species of Culicoides, EHDVs circulate wherever competent vectors and susceptible ruminant host populations co-exist. The impact of variation in the level and duration of EHDV viremia in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on Culicoides infection prevalence is not well characterized. Here we examined how infection prevalence in a confirmed North American vector of EHDV-2 (Culicoides sonorensis) varies in response to fluctuations in deer viremia. To accomplish this, five white-tailed deer were experimentally infected with EHDV-2 and colonized C. …

Persistent Viral Reservoirs In Lymphoid Tissues In Siv-Infected Rhesus Macaques Of Chinese-Origin On Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy, Summer Siddiqui, Stefanie Perez, Yong Gao, Lara Doyle-Meyers, Brian T. Foley, Qingsheng Li, Binhua Ling

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Understanding HIV latent reservoirs in tissues is essential for the development of new strategies targeting these sites for eradication. Here, we assessed the size of latent reservoirs and the source of residual viruses in multiple lymphoid tissues of SIV-infected and fully suppressed rhesus macaques of Chinese-origin (cRMs). Eight cRMs were infected with SIVmac251 and treated with tenofovir and emtricitabine daily for 24 weeks initiated 4 weeks post-infection. Four of the eight animals reached sustained full viral suppression with undetectable viremia. The levels of cell-associated SIV DNA varied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and multiple lymphoid tissues, but with higher …

A Single-Cycle Adenovirus Type 7 Vaccine For Prevention Of Acute Respiratory Disease, Brianna L. Bullard, Brigette N. Corder, Eric A. Weaver

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Adenovirus type 7 (Ad7) infection is associated with acute respiratory disease (ARD), especially in military recruits living in close quarters. Recently, several outbreaks of Ad7 infections have occurred in civilian populations, with some cases leading to death. However, the current Ad7 vaccine is licensed for use only in military recruits because it utilizes an orally delivered wild type virus which is shed in the stool for 28 days after immunization. This poses a safety risk due to the possibility of virus spread to vulnerable populations. To address the need for a safer Ad7 vaccine for use in civilian populations, we …

Chronic Low Intensity Continuous And Interval Training Prevent Heart Failure-Related Coronary Artery Stiffness, An Ouyang

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Heart failure (HF) induced by aortic pressure over-load is associated with increased coronary artery stiffness. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and advanced glycation end products (AGE) both promote arterial stiffness. However, the mechanisms by which coronary PVAT promotes arterial stiffness and the efficacy of exercise to prevent coronary stiffness are unknown. The present study hypothesized both chronic continuous and interval exercise training would prevent coronary artery stiffness associated with inhibition of PVAT secreted AGE. Yucatan mininature swine were divided into four groups: control-sedentary (CON), aortic-banded sedentary heart failure (HF), aortic-banded HF continuous exercise trained (HF+CONT), and aortic-banded HF interval exercise trained …

The Incidence Of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus Spp. Colonization And Infection In Children And Adults With Atopic Dermatitis, Matchima Laowansiri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic and recurrent eczematous rash. AD occurs in both children and adults, but children are more affected. An important aggravating factor is caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection. Therefore, topical (beta-lactam, macrolides, clindamycin) and systemic (mupirocin and fusidic acid) antibiotics are essential for treatment of AD. However, frequent use of antibiotics results in an increase in the incidence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. Methicillin resistance S. aureus (MRSA) becomes a problem in the treatment of skin diseases. It’s found that the change from penicillin binding protein (PBP) to PBP2a with …

The Effect Of A Trehalase Inhibitor, Validamycin A, On The Growth Of Aspergillus Flavus, Napasawan Plabutong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Aspergillus flavus is a fungus found in the environment causing keratitis, cutaneous infections, sinusitis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in humans. Although this fungus can be treated with antifungal agents, these main antifungal agents have many side effects. Trehalase is an enzyme for digesting trehalose into two glucose subunits and is essential for virulence in many fungi. A trehalase inhibitor, called validamycin A, has been used effectively against a rice fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. In this study, we observed that validamycin A increased trehalose levels significantly in A. flavus spores and delayed the germination of those spores. In addition, to further investigate …

Identification Of Probiotic Bacteria With Anticancer Activity Against Colorectal Cancer In Vitro, Patcharin Prakobwat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. It is ranked third for new cancer patients in Thailand. Colorectal cancer is associated with multifactorial risk factors including the imbalance of gut microbiota. This project aimed to identify Lactobacillus strains isolated from Thai healthy populations that have anticancer activities against colorectal cancer in vitro. Lactobacillus cultured media (LCM) obtained from thirty-nine Lactobacillus strains, previously shown to have anti-inflammatory activity, were selected and used at different concentrations and/or pH adjustment to determine the anti-proliferative effect on HT-29 and Caco-2 colon cancer cells at 24, 48, and 72 h. …

Development Of Polymerase Chain Reaction Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay For Detection Of Human Papillomavirus 16 L1 Gene Methylation, Sasiprapa Liewchalermwong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

It has been well known that cervical cancer is caused by persistent infections with the high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) especially HPV16 and 18. However, a minority of HR-HPV infected women developed cancer, therefore, triage test is necessary to particularly select some HR-HPV infected women who are at higher risk to progress to cervical cancer quickly for colposcopy examination. Since HPV16 L1 gene hypermethylation has been reported to be correlated well with high grade cervical lesions and cancer, the present study aims to develop PCR-ELISA for detection of HPV16 L1 gene methylation. Cervical cells were collected from women who referred …

Characterization Of Mait Tcr Repertoire Of Gastrointestinal Tract And Peripheral Blood Mait Cells, Thidarat Kongkaew

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T cell that rapidly respond to infection. MAIT cells are αβ T cells that possess a Vα7.2 (TRAV1-2) TCR with mostly pairing to TRAJ33, TRAJ20 or TRAJ12 and predominantly TRBV20-1, TRBV6-1 and TRBV6-4. MAIT T cell receptors (TCR) repertoire have been previously studied in peripheral blood. However, data on MAIT TCR repertoire in gastrointestinal tract are lacking. We studied 2 individuals who are underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy. Blood and biopsies were obtained. PBMCs were isolated from blood and LPLs were isolated from biopsies. Due to the low number of MAIT cells …

ฤทธิ์ต้านมะเร็งของเบต้าแลพพาโชนต่อเซลล์มะเร็งที่ดื้อยาต้านฮอร์โมนและเซลล์มะเร็งที่มีการแสดงออกของตัวรับเฮอร์ทู, ชญานิน สุขสนอง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ปัญหาที่สำคัญในการรักษามะเร็งเต้านมคือการดื้อต่อยาต้านฮอร์โมน (anti-hormonal therapy) ซึ่งจะทำให้เกิดการกลับมาเป็นซ้ำและการลุกลามของมะเร็ง โดยมีการศึกษารายงานว่าเซลล์มะเร็งเต้านมที่ดื้อยาต้านฮอร์โมนจะมีการแสดงออกของตัวรับเฮอร์ทูเพิ่มมากขึ้น นอกจากนี้ในผู้ป่วยที่มีการแสดงออกของตัวรับเฮอร์ทูบางรายยังดื้อต่อการรักษาที่จำเพาะต่อตัวรับเฮอร์ทู (target therapy) ดังนั้นจึงมียาที่ใช้กับมะเร็งเต้านมที่ดื้อยาต้านฮอร์โมนอยู่เพียงไม่กี่ชนิด β-lapachone (β-lap) เป็นสารธรรมชาติในกลุ่ม naphthoquinone ซึ่งก่อนหน้านี้มีรายงานว่า β-lap มีฤทธิ์ต้านมะเร็งเต้านมในเซลล์หลายชนิด ได้แก่ MCF-7, SKBR3 และ MDA-MB-231 แต่อย่างไรก็ตามยังไม่มีการศึกษาฤทธิ์ของ β-lap ในเซลล์มะเร็งเต้านมที่ดื้อยาต้านฮอร์โมน การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาฤทธิ์ต้านมะเร็งและกลไกการออกฤทธิ์ของ β-lap ต่อเซลล์มะเร็งเต้านมที่ดื้อต่อยาต้านฮอร์โมน (MCF7/LCC2 และ MCF7/LCC9) และเซลล์มะเร็งเต้านมที่มีการแสดงออกของตัวรับเฮอร์ทูสูง (SKBR3) พบว่า β-lap ลดอัตราการมีชีวิตรอดและลดการเจริญแบบไร้การยึดเกาะทั้งการลดจำนวนและขนาดของ colony ในเซลล์มะเร็งทั้งสามชนิด นอกจากนี้ β-lap สามารถยับยั้ง downstream signaling ของ HER-2 ผ่านการยับยั้ง pERK และยังมีฤทธิ์ลดระดับโปรตีนที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการดื้อยาต้านฮอร์โมน ได้แก่ Cyclin D1 และ ER-co-activator ได้แก่ NCOA3 เฉพาะในเซลล์มะเร็งเต้านมที่ดื้อต่อยาต้านฮอร์โมน (MCF7/LCC2 และ MCF7/LCC9) แต่ β-lap ไม่มีผลต่อ pHER-2/HER-2 จึงไม่มีผลยับยั้งกระบวนการ epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) และการลุกลามของเซลล์มะเร็ง ถึงแม้ว่าการศึกษานี้จะพบว่า β-lap สามารถลดอัตราการรอดชีวิตของเซลล์มะเร็งเต้านมที่มีการแสดงออกของตัวรับเฮอร์ทู (SKBR3) แต่ยังไม่สามารถอธิบายกลไกการออกฤทธิ์ของ β-lap ในเซลล์ชนิดนี้ได้ ดังนั้นจึงสรุปได้ว่ากลไกการออกฤทธิ์ของ β-lap ในเซลล์มะเร็งเต้านมที่ดื้อยาต้านฮอร์ฮอร์โมน (MCF-7/LCC2 และ MCF-7/LCC9) ที่มีการเพิ่มขึ้นของตัวรับเฮอร์ทูมีความแตกต่างกับเซลล์มะเร็งเต้านมที่มีการแสดงออกของตัวรับเฮอร์ทู (SKBR3) การศึกษานี้เป็นการศึกษาเบื้องต้นของกลไกการออกฤทธิ์ของ β-lap ซึ่งหากทำการศึกษาเพิ่มเติมแล้ว β-lap น่าจะสามารถพัฒนาเป็นยาที่ใช้ในผู้ป่วยที่ดื้อยาต้านฮอร์โมน และยังมีความปลอดภัยเนื่องจากมีการศึกษา β-lap ในระดับคลินิกแล้ว

ผลของอนุภาคทองคำระดับนาโนเมตรต่อการสร้างหลอดเลือดฝอย โดยมุ่งเน้นศึกษาความเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เซลล์เพอริไซต์, ศศิกานต์ ลู่ประเสริฐกุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Pericytes เป็นเซลล์ที่วางตัวอยู่ติดกับผนังด้านนอกของหลอดเลือดขนาดเล็ก ได้แก่ capillary และ post-capillary venule เซลล์นี้ทำหน้าที่หลักในการค้ำจุนหลอดเลือดดังกล่าว และมีความสำคัญต่อทั้งกระบวนการทางสรีรวิทยาและพยาธิวิทยาของหลอดเลือด โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในการสร้างหลอดเลือดใหม่ ปัจจุบันอนุภาคทองคำระดับนาโนเมตร (AuNPs) ถูกนำมาใช้เพื่อยับยั้งการสร้างหลอดเลือดใหม่ โดยยับยั้งการแบ่งตัว การเคลื่อนย้าย และกระบวนการ tube formation โดยมุ่งเน้นผลไปยัง endothelial cells เพียงอย่างเดียว แต่อย่างไรก็ตามยังไม่มีการศึกษาถึงผลของ AuNPs ต่อลักษณะสัณฐานและการทำงานของ pericytes การศึกษานี้จึงนำ 20 nm AuNPs ที่ความเข้มข้น 30 ppm มาทดสอบกับ pericytes โดยการเคลื่อนย้ายของเซลล์ศึกษาโดยใช้เทคนิค transwell migration, และระดับการแสดงออกของยีน Ki-67 ซึ่งเป็นตัวบ่งชี้การแบ่งตัวของเซลล์ และ PDGFR-β ซึ่งเป็นตัวบ่งชี้ pericytes โดยใช้เทคนิค real-time RT-qPCR และลักษณะสัณฐานศึกษาด้วยกล้องจุลทรรศน์อิเล็คตรอนแบบส่องผ่าน (TEM) นอกจากนี้ศึกษาการสร้างหลอดเลือดฝอยจำลองแบบสามมิติบน Matrigel โดยนำ pericytes ที่ได้รับ AuNPs มาเพาะเลี้ยงร่วมกับเซลล์ human umbilical cord endothelial cells ผลการศึกษาพบว่า AuNPs มีผลทำให้การเคลื่อนย้าย การแบ่งตัว และการแสดงออกระดับ mRNA ของยีน PDGFR-β ของ pericytes ลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ และผลการศึกษาภายใต้กล้อง TEM เปิดเผยให้เห็นอนุภาคทองคำที่ถูกบรรจุอยู่ใน organelles ต่างๆ ได้แก่ late endosomes, lysosomes และ mitochondria และที่น่าสนใจคือ mitochondria เหล่านี้มีลักษณะบวมพองหรือเสียสภาพ ในส่วนของการศึกษาจำนวนของการสร้างหลอดเลือดจำลอง พบว่ามีจำนวนลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญในกลุ่มของ pericytes ที่ถูกใส่ AuNPs และพบว่า pericytes ในกลุ่มนี้มีลักษณะเป็นทรงกลม ไม่ยืดแขนงเพื่อสร้าง tube ส่งผลให้ tube มีลักษณะไม่สมบูรณ์เมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับกลุ่มควบคุม …

การพัฒนาเทคนิคการตรวจหาเชื้อไวรัสไข้หวัดใหญ่และเชื้อไวรัสโคโรนาสายพันธุ์ใหม่โดยใช้เทคโนโลยี Crispr-Cas12a, อรพรรณ มยุรมาศ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ในงานวิจัยนี้ ได้ประยุกต์ใช้เทคนิค CRISPR-Cas12a ซึ่งเป็นเทคนิคที่ง่าย รวดเร็ว และประหยัดค่าใช้จ่าย ในการตรวจหาเชื้อไวรัสไข้หวัดใหญ่ และเชื้อไวรัสโคโรนาสายพันธุ์ใหม่ จึงเหมาะสำหรับการตรวจคัดกรองผู้ป่วยโรคไข้หวัดใหญ่ และ โควิด-19 ในบริเวณที่มีอุปกรณ์ทางการแพทย์ที่จำกัด ผลการทดสอบพบว่า การใช้เทคนิค RT-RPA ร่วมกับ CRISPR-Cas12a ตรวจหาเชื้อไวรัสโคโรนาสายพันธุ์ใหม่ มีความไวคิดเป็นร้อยละ 96.23 และมีความจำเพาะคิดเป็นร้อยละ 100 สำหรับความไวในการตรวจหาเชื้อไวรัสไข้หวัดใหญ่ ชนิด A และชนิด B คิดเป็นร้อยละ 85.07 และ 94.87 ตามลำดับ นอกจากนี้ยังมีความจำเพาะในการตรวจหาเชื้อไวรัสไข้หวัดใหญ่ ชนิด A และชนิด B คิดเป็นประมาณร้อยละ 96 โดยสรุป เทคนิคการตรวจหาเชื้อไวรัสไข้หวัดใหญ่และเชื้อไวรัสโคโรนาสายพันธุ์ใหม่ด้วยวิธี CRISPR-Cas12a เป็นวิธีที่มีประสิทธิภาพในการตรวจคัดกรอง และยังสามารถนำไปประยุกต์ใช้กับโรคติดเชื้อชนิดอื่นๆ ที่จะเกิดขึ้นในอนาคตได้

Roles Of Lin28 Proteins In Cholangiocarcinoma, Nattapong Puthdee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

LIN28 is an RNA-binding protein, a known as regulator of microRNAs biogenesis and play a role in multiple cellular functions such as stem cell maintenance, cell metabolism and implicated in oncogenesis. In cancer study, LIN28 protein is frequently expressed and associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor disease outcome. Previous studies have shown that paralog-LIN28B was upregulated in during CCA development. However, the role of LIN28B in cholangiocarcinogenesis remains largely unknown. The present study, we found LIN28B is overexpressed in CCA patients' tissues. Overexpression of LIN28B in cholangiocytes-MMNK-1 cells showed that LIN28B enhanced cell proliferation, clonogenic potential, and promoted epithelial-to mesenchymal …

Qualitative Analysis Of Optic Nerve Head Peripapillary Microvasculature In Healthy Eyes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography, Sittikorn Laojaroenwanit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Primary objective: To evaluate optic nerve head microvasculature/radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs) in healthy adult eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography Secondary objectives: To evaluate macular microvascular network in healthy adult eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography Design: Cross-sectional study Participants: 224 eyes of 112 healthy adult volunteers at eye clinic of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Method: En face 3x3-mm OCTA at macular area, 6x6-mm OCTA at optic nerve head and high-definition horizontal lines 16-mm scans crossing the fovea and optic disc were acquired using the SS-OCTA Plex Elite 9000. To evaluate RPCs density, the images were binarized and …

Effects Of Non-Albicans Candida Species On Biofilm Formation And Acidogenicity Of Dual-Species Biofilms And On Cariogenic Virulence Gene Expression Of Streptococcus Mutans, Wirunphat Sansanoa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Early childhood caries is a common oral disease found in children which could affect their general health. Streptococcus mutans is an important cariogenic pathogen since it possesses cariogenic properties, which are acid production, acid tolerance and biofilm formation. Recent studies showed that Candida albicans, which is frequently found together with S. mutans in plaques of children with dental caries, enhances cariogenicity. At the same time, increasing prevalence of non-albicans Candida species (NACs) in children and immune-compromised patients has been reported. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of NACs when co-cultured with S. mutans on cariogenic properties and virulence …

Natural Product Induction In Pencillium And Human Caspase Crystallography, Kelly J. Mcgrath

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Chromatin Structure In Cellular Responses To Bacterial Cytolethal Distending Toxin In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Model, Siriyod Denmongkholchai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Cytolethal distending toxin subunit B (CdtB) is a DNase I-like bacterial genotoxin that causes DNA damage leading to cell cycle arrest and cell death. Previous reports demonstrated that CdtB has low level of DNase activity in vitro. Besides, a mutation at histone H2B phosphorylation site required for chromatin condensation during apoptosis (S10A) conferred partial resistance to CdtB in Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. Therefore, we hypothesized that chromatin structure may affect CdtB function. In this study, we identified chromatin regulators required for CdtB cytotoxicity in yeast. We found that deletions of certain components of SWR-complex (SWR1, SWC2, SWC5, SWC6, and ARP6), INO80-complex …

Effects Of Non-Albicans Candida Species On Biofilm Formation And Acidogenicity Of Dual-Species Biofilms And On Cariogenic Virulence Gene Expression Of Streptococcus Mutans, Wirunphat Sansanoa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Early childhood caries is a common oral disease found in children which could affect their general health. Streptococcus mutans is an important cariogenic pathogen since it possesses cariogenic properties, which are acid production, acid tolerance and biofilm formation. Recent studies showed that Candida albicans, which is frequently found together with S. mutans in plaques of children with dental caries, enhances cariogenicity. At the same time, increasing prevalence of non-albicans Candida species (NACs) in children and immune-compromised patients has been reported. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of NACs when co-cultured with S. mutans on cariogenic properties and virulence …

The Incidence Of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus Spp. Colonization And Infection In Children And Adults With Atopic Dermatitis, Matchima Laowansiri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic and recurrent eczematous rash. AD occurs in both children and adults, but children are more affected. An important aggravating factor is caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection. Therefore, topical (beta-lactam, macrolides, clindamycin) and systemic (mupirocin and fusidic acid) antibiotics are essential for treatment of AD. However, frequent use of antibiotics results in an increase in the incidence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. Methicillin resistance S. aureus (MRSA) becomes a problem in the treatment of skin diseases. It’s found that the change from penicillin binding protein (PBP) to PBP2a with …