Digital Commons Network^™

Paediatric Mental Health In Pakistan: A Neglected Avenue, Ali Jawaid, Tauseef-Ur-Rehman

Medical College Documents

No abstract provided.

Synthesis And Antifungal Properties Of Alpha-Methoxy And Alpha-Hydroxyl Substituted 4-Thiatetradecanoic Acids, Nestor Carballeira, Rosann O'Neill, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

4-Thiatetradecanoic acid exhibited weak antifungal activities against Candida albicans (ATCC 60193), Cryptococcus neoformans (ATCC 6603 1), and Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404) (MIC = 4.8-12.7 mM). It has been demonstrated that alpha-methoxylation efficiently blocks P-oxidation and significantly improve the antifungal activities of fatty acids. We examined whether antifungal activity of 4-thiatetradecanoic acid can be improved by a-substitution. The unprecedented (+/-)-2-tiydroxy-4-thiatetradecanoic acid was synthesized in four steps (20% overall yield), while the (+/-)-2-methoxy-4-thiatetradecanoic acid was synthesized in five steps (14% overall yield) starting from 1-decanethiol. The key step in the synthesis was the hydrolysis of a trimethylsilyloxynitrile. In general, the novel (+/-)-2-methoxy-4-thiatetradecanoic …

Update - January 2007, Loma Linda University Center For Christian Bioethics

Update

In this issue:

-- Stem Cells, Embryos, and Ethics: Is There a Way Forward?
-- Editorial
-- 2006 Contributor's Convocation "Present Day Health Care: Collaborate or Close the Door"

The Folate Debate., Robert L. Brent

The Selected Works of Robert Brent

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Exercise On Hemorheological Parameters Of Young Nigerian Smokers, Omolade Augustina Awodu, Ademola Adekunle Famodu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Regular physical exercise is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the hypothesis that acute submaximal exercise has similar effects on rheological parameters of smokers and non-smokers was tested. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three male university undergraduates comprised of 18 smokers and 15 non-smokers were studied. All the subjects underwent submaximal exercise on cycloergometer for 30 minutes. Blood for hemorheological parameters was collected 30 minutes before and after exercise. Samples were analyzed by standard methods. Results: A total of 33 undergraduates were studied. The hematocrit, plasma viscosity and plasma fibrinogen were significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers …

Genetic Variants Account For Differences In Responses In Blood Pressure And Blood Flow Values To Laryngoscopy/Intubation/Extubation, Hülya Gönen, Zeynep Kayhan, Fatma Belgi̇n Ataç, Ayşe Canan Yazici, Feri̇de İffet Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: There is a variation in drug response among individuals. In this study, we determined angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D), beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) Arg16Gly and dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) -48 G/A polymorphisms, which are presumed to be related to the transient hypertension induced by the mechanical stimulation of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation/extubation. Materials and Methods: One hundred American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I patients were enrolled in this study. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded before induction (T_0), after induction (T_1), during laryngoscopy/intubation (T_i) and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min thereafter (T_{i-1}-T_{i-5}), before extubation (T_e) and …

Does Lanz® Endotracheal Tube Offer Advantage In Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia?, Özgün Cuvaş, Fatma Dokumaci, Mehmet Aki̇f Yazar, Hülya Başar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Increasing intracuff pressure and postoperative laryngotracheal complications are the important issues in nitrous oxide anesthesia. The Lanz® endotracheal tube is a new kind of tube with a pressure-regulating valve. We aimed to investigate whether or not this tube may be useful in nitrous oxide anesthesia in terms of postoperative laryngotracheal complications. Materials and Methods: The study included 70 female patients, aged 18-60 years. Patients were intubated with the standard endotracheal tube in Group S (n = 35) and the Lanz® endotracheal tube in Group M (n = 35). The intracuff pressures were monitored with a manometer during general anesthesia. …

Autopsy Status And Pathologists’ Attitude Towards Autopsy In Turkey, Kemal Kösemehmetoğlu, Ali̇ Riza Tümer, Alp Usubütün

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: While there have been efforts to slow the recent declining trend in autopsy practice in the world, in Turkey there is already a low level of medical autopsy audit, practically nearing zero. In this study, we determine and evaluate the autopsy status in Turkey; reveal pathologists' attitudes towards autopsy practice; propose several factors to explain current autopsy audit; and discuss differences in Turkey's autopsy practice with that of the rest of the world. Materials and Methods: We directed a questionnaire to 85 pathologists and requested autopsy numbers from 50 universities for the period 1995 to 2003. Results: Mean values …

Levels Of Protein C And Protein S, Tissue-Plasminogen Activator, And Fibrinogen During Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Yahya Ünlü, Sali̇m B. Teki̇n, Hi̇kmet Koçak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: The exposure of blood to foreign surfaces during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) leads to an activation of the coagulation system. The goal of this study was to evaluate the levels of protein C and protein S, tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) and fibrinogen before, during and after CPB. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and 11 patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (control group) were included in this study. Blood samples were taken at different time intervals preoperatively, before, during and after CPB, and in the postoperative period. Protein C and protein S, t-PA and fibrinogen levels were …

The Investigation Of Nasal Mrsa Carriage And Colonization Of Nasopharyngeal Pathogens At A Primary School In Düzce, Mustafa Yildirim, İdri̇s Şahi̇n, Semra Başak, Şükrü Öksüz, Çi̇ğdem Özaydin, Selda Acar, İrfan Şencan, Oğuz Karabay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate nasopharyngeal colonization of respiratory tract pathogens and nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in healthy schoolchildren (6-14 years old). Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at Konuralp Primary School by Düzce University and 484 healthy children were included. Isolates obtained from nasal and nasopharyngeal cultures were identified by conventional microbiological procedures and Api 20 strep, NH. Results: 56.6% of healthy schoolchildren had at least one nasopharyngeal potential bacterial pathogen. Isolated bacteria species were as follows: 6% group A streptococcus (GAS), 5.0% S. pneumoniae, 33.1% M. catarrhalis, and 34.9% …

Pain In Upper Abdominal Malignancy, Colin Johnson, Jon Birtwistle, Carol Davis

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

An Unusual Presentation Of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis In An Adolescent: Isolated Unilateral Inguinal Lymphadenitis, Ekrem Güler, Selma Güler, Hasan Uçmak, Canan Eren Dağli, Mehmet Davutoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Isolated tuberculous inguinal lymphadenitis is a rare entity and is usually bilateral. A 16-year- old male presented with anorexia, nocturnal sweating and painless soft right inguinal lymph nodes. The patient underwent excision of lymph nodes and a Ziehl-Neelsen stain revealed the presence of acid-fast bacilli, but cultures of the lymph nodes were negative. Histological sections showed the presence of caseous necrosis and epithelioid cell granuloma. He had a positive tuberculin skin test (Mantoux) with 22 mm diameter. The patient was diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis with these findings. Tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis in any case of isolated …

Risk Factors For Fecal Carriage Of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli And Klebsiella Spp. In The Community, Özlem Kurt Azap, Hande Arslan, Sedef Ö. Karaman, Turhan Togan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Community-acquired infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria are an emerging problem. Digestive tract colonization is a prerequisite for infections by ESBL-producing microorganisms. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for fecal carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Klebsiella spp. in the community. Materials and Methods: A total of 928 stool samples admitted to the laboratory during a four-month period were included in the study. Samples were diluted in saline and cultured in two EMB agar plates supplemented with either 1 µg/ml cefotaxime or 1 µg/ml ceftazidime. All isolates that …

Water Sorption And Solubility Of Different Luting And Restorative Dental Cements, Fi̇li̇z Keyf, S. Hakan Tuna, Murat Şen, Agnes Safrany

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the water sorption and solubility of four provisional, three permanent luting cements and five restorative cements. Methods: A split ring mould was fabricated for the preparation of specimen discs which were 15.0 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm thick. All specimens were manipulated according to the manufacturer's instructions and then subjected to water sorption and solubility tests. Data were analysed with Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate surface topography and roughness. Results: All tested materials demonstrated different degrees of sorption and solubility. The difference between sorption …

Brain Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Findings In A Patient With Aicardi Syndrome, Mustafa Aydin, Tansel Ansal Balci, Ni̇met Kabakuş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aicardi syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant genetic disorder characterized by infantile spasms, agenesis or hypogenesis of the corpus callosum, and chorioretinal lacunae. There remain many unresolved questions regarding the clinical features of this disorder. Recent advancements in neuroimaging techniques have allowed us to obtain information about brain development and perfusion. Thus, we present herein the brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) findings in a 15-month-old female with Aicardi syndrome, which revealed that perfusion had shifted from the posterior to anterior regions. Furthermore, the right temporal lobe was not visualized, while significant hypoperfusion was determined on the occipital regions and …

The Role Of Heart-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (H-Fabp) In Acute Myocardial Infarction (Ami) Compared To Conventional Cardiac Biochemical Markers, Hati̇ce Paşaoğlu, Ebru Ofluoğlu, Mustafa İlhan, Ati̇ye Çengel, Murat Özdemi̇r, Emre Durakoğlugi̇l, Murat Erden

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: To investigate the clinical implications of serum heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) compared to myoglobin, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) in patients with early phase acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Material and Methods: Patients were grouped clinically according to the American College of Cardiology/European Society of Cardiology new definition of myocardial infarction (MI) and by clinician diagnosis of MI. Serum concentrations of H-FABP, myoglobin, cTnI, and CK-MB were determined in 21 patients with AMI and 44 non-AMI patients. From each patient 3 blood samples were obtained 1-2, 3, and 6 h after the onset chest …

Ultrasonographic Mapping Reduces The Complications Of Diagnostic Laparoscopy For Abdominal Tuberculosis, Müjdat Balkan, Arzu Balkan, Taner Yi̇ği̇t, Mutlu Sağlam, Yüksel Ateş, Ahmet Tüzün

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background and Aim: Diagnostic laparoscopy is of great value in the early diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis and to help improve bed turnover. Diagnostic laparoscopy, however, is subject to all the risks and complications inherent to any invasive procedure. Our aim was to evaluate the role of ultrasonography in the prevention of complications when using diagnostic laparoscopy, and to present its efficacy in the monitoring of response to therapy. Materials and Methods: Nineteen male patients who had ascites with unknown etiology or with suspected abdominal tuberculosis were recruited. In order to analyze the potential role of ultrasonographic mapping as an aid …

A Torsioned And Autoamputated Ovarian Cyst Simulating A Duplication Cyst: A Case Report, Sema Uğuralp, Bi̇rsen Harma, Ahmet Siğirci, Neşe Karadağ

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The commonest and most serious complication of neonatal ovarian cysts is torsion. Ovarian torsion leads to loss of the ovary. We report a case of a torsioned and autoamputated right ovarian cyst presenting as a duplication cyst of the intestine in a newborn. An abdominal cystic mass 4.8 x 3.4 cm in diameter was diagnosed in a 36-week-gestation fetus using antenatal ultrasonography (US). The physical examination revealed a mobile abdominal mass in the right upper quadrant. Postnatal US confirmed a cystic mass in the right upper quadrant. Intraoperatively, the ovarian cyst was autoamputated and it was adhered to the antimesenteric …

A Rare Side Effect Of Metformin: Metformin-Induced Hepatotoxicity, Ersi̇n Aksay, Sedat Yanturali, Başak Bayram, Ni̇l Hocaoğlu, Selahatti̇n Kiyan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent that is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. While metformin-associated metabolic acidosis is a widely recognized side effect of this drug, metformin-induced hepatotoxicity has been rarely reported in the literature. We present herein the case of a 52-year-old male in whom metformin-associated lactic acidosis and metformin-induced hepatotoxicity developed.

Horner´S Syndrome Post-Excision Of A Huge Cervical Sympathetic Chain Schwannoma, Sedat Aydin, Ari̇f Şanli, Ömer Taşdemi̇r, Ayli̇n Ege Gül

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Schwannoma of the cervical sympathetic chain is a rare nerve tumor. These lesions typically present as an asymptomatic neck mass and are easily mistaken for a carotid body tumor during the initial work-up. In this report, a rarely seen huge cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma case, who experienced partial Horner´s syndrome postoperatively, is presented. We report a case of schwannoma on the cervical sympathetic chain, which to our knowledge is the largest reported in the current literature.

Is Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Level Affected By In-And-Out Urethral Catheterization?, Yilmaz Aslan, Altuğ Tuncel, Ümi̇t Tekdoğan, Osman Özergi̇n, Ali̇ Atan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of in-and-out urethral catheterization on serum total and free prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and free/total PSA ratio. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study including 24 patients who admitted with lower urinary tract symptoms and underwent in-and-out urethral catheterization with 18 F Foley catheter inserted for postvoiding residual urine measurement. Blood samples were withdrawn to determine serum total and free PSA levels and free/total PSA ratio immediately before, and at 1, 24 and 72 hours after urethral catheterization. Results: There was no alteration in total and free PSA …

Gastric Duplication Cyst Mimicking Pancreatic Pseudocyst/Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Presentation, Prasad Seetharam, Gabriel Rodrigues

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Congenital gastrointestinal duplications are rare, and gastric duplication cysts are even rarer. Most cases are seldom diagnosed preoperatively. We present a case of gastric duplication cyst, which in preoperative imaging studies mimicked a hydatid/pseudocyst of the pancreas. The diagnosis was made only intraoperatively and was confirmed by histopathological examination of the completely excised cyst.

The Nature Of Medical Evidence And Evidence-Based Practice, John A. Murie

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Perioperative Deaths In A Nigerian Tertiary Teaching Hospital, Chibundu E. Ohanaka, Charles O. Imarengiaye

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Perioperative deaths may be categorized into avoidable and non-avoidable. An audit of such deaths should be carried out periodically with a view to improving the standard of clinical practice. Materials and Methods: The master registry of the main theater of the hospital was examined to identify all deaths that occurred within the main theater environment (reception, operating room, and recovery room) over a five-year period (January 2000- December 2004). Patients’ ages, sex and timing of surgery (elective or emergency), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status and the diagnosis were noted. The diagnosis was further categorized in relation to the …

Outcomes Of Peginterferon Alfa-2a And Ribavirin Combination Therapy In A Resident-Initiated, Multidisciplinary, Hepatitis C Clinic, Nicole M. Agostino Do, Erini Vasiliadis Do, K Nadeem Ahmed Md, Suzanne J. Templer Do, Edward R. Norris Md, Fapa, Fapm, Charles M. Brooks Md, Eric J. Gertner Md, Mph, Joseph L. Yozviak Do, Facp

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Whole Genome Expression Profiling Reveals A Significant Role For Immune Function In Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, Guy M. Lenk, Gerard Tromp, Shantel Weinsheimer, Zoran Gatalica, Ramon Berguer, Helena Kuivaniemi

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Abdominal aortic aneurysms are a common disorder with an incompletely understood etiology. We used Illumina and Affymetrix microarray platforms to generate global gene expression profiles for both aneurysmal (AAA) and non-aneurysmal abdominal aorta, and identified genes that were significantly differentially expressed between cases and controls.

Results

Affymetrix and Illumina arrays included 18,057 genes in common; 11,542 (64%) of these genes were considered to be expressed in either aneurysmal or normal abdominal aorta. There were 3,274 differentially expressed genes with a false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05. Many of these genes were not previously known to be involved in …

Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription Factor/Neuronal Restrictive Silencer Factor (Rest/Nrsf) Can Regulate Hsv-1 Immediate-Early Transcription Via Histone Modification, Rajeswara C. Pinnoji, Gautam R. Bedadala, Beena George, Thomas C. Holland, James M. Hill, Shao-Chung V. Hsia

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

During primary infection of its human host, Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) establishes latency in neurons where the viral genome is maintained in a circular form associated with nucleosomes in a chromatin configration. During latency, most viral genes are silenced, although the molecular mechanisms responsible for this are unclear. We hypothesized that neuronal factors repress HSV-1 gene expression during latency. A search of the HSV-1 DNA sequence for potential regulatory elements identified a Repressor Element-1/Neuronal Restrictive Silencer Element (RE-1/NRSE) located between HSV-1 genes ICP22 and ICP4. We predicted that the Repressor Element Silencing Transcription Factor/Neuronal Restrictive Silencer Factor …

Comparison Of The Systemic And Pulmonary Inflammatory Response To Endotoxin Of Neutropenic And Non-Neutropenic Rats, Sabrina M. Heidemann, Maria Glibetic

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Neutrophil infiltration commonly occurs in acute lung injury and may be partly responsible for the inflammatory response. However, acute lung injury still occurs in the neutropenic host. The objectives of this study are to determine if inflammation and acute lung injury are worse in neutropenic versus the normal host after endotoxemia.

Methods

Rats were divided into four groups: 1) control, 2) neutropenic, 3) endotoxemic and 4) endotoxemic and neutropenic. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2) were measured in the blood, lung lavage and for mRNA in the lung. Arterial blood gases were measured to determine …

Identification And Characterization Of Ogg1 Mutations In Patients With Alzheimer's Disease, Guogen Mao, Xiaoyu Pan, Beibei Zhu, Yanbin Zhang, Fenghua Yuan, Jian Huang, Mark A. Lovell, Maxwell P. Lee, William R. Markesbery, Guo-Min Li, Liya Gu

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit higher levels of 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxoG) DNA lesions in their brain, suggesting a reduced or defective 8-oxoG repair. To test this hypothesis, this study investigated 14 AD patients and 10 age-matched controls for mutations of the major 8-oxoG removal gene OGG1. Whereas no alterations were detected in any control samples, four AD patients exhibited mutations in OGG1, two carried a common single base (C₇₉₆) deletion that alters the carboxyl terminal sequence of OGG1, and the other two had nucleotide alterations leading to single amino acid substitutions. In vitro biochemical assays revealed …

The Effects Of 17Β-Estradiol And Tamoxifen On Cell Cycle Distribution And F-Actin Expression In Mcf-7 Cells, Kirk Kangaloo, Latoya Jenkins, Nicole Clarke, Samir S. Raychoudhury

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.