Digital Commons Network^™

Autophagy And Apoptotic Genes Implicated In Alzheimer’S Disease Are Modulated Following Infection Of Neuronal Cells With Chlamydia Pneumoniae, Denah M. Appelt, Ian Kohler, Annette K. Slutter, Juliana Zoga, Susan T. Hingley, Brian J. Balin

Scholarly Posters

Background: The focus of the current studies was to determine the relationship between the molecular mechanisms interconnecting autophagy and apoptosis following Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in neuronal cells. Dysfunctions in apoptosis and autophagy have been implicated in the neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Autophagy in AD pathogenesis has been shown to play a role in amyloid processing through the endosomal-lysosomal system. Apoptosis may contribute to the neuronal cell loss observed in AD; however, there is limited evidence of the apoptotic process proceeding to terminal completion. Although Aβ1-42 has been shown to induce apoptosis in neurons and may be an early …

Dynamics Of Envelope Evolution In Clade C Shiv-Infected Pig-Tailed Macaques During Disease Progression Analyzed By Ultra-Deep Pyrosequencing, For Yue Tso, Damien C. Tully, Sandra Gonzalez, Christopher Quince, On Ho, Patricia Polacino, Ruth M. Ruprecht, Shiu-Lok Hu, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Understanding the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope during disease progression can provide tremendous insights for vaccine development, and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection of nonhuman primate provides an ideal platform for such studies. A newly developed clade C SHIV, SHIV-1157ipd3N4, which was able to infect rhesus macaques, closely resembled primary HIV-1 in transmission and pathogenesis, was used to infect several pig-tailed macaques. One of the infected animals subsequently progressed to AIDS, whereas one remained a nonprogressor. The viral envelope evolution in the infected animals during disease progression was analyzed by a bioinformatics approach using ultra-deep …

Effects Of Right And Left Stellate Ganglion Block On Blood Pressure And Qt-Qtc Intervals In Patients With Primary Raynaud's Phenomenon, Suna Akin Takmaz, Hale Yarkan Uysal, Nurten İnan, Zekeri̇ye Kaptan, Hülya Başar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To examine the effects of right and left stellate ganglion block (SGB) on blood pressure and the RR, QT, and QTc intervals in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Materials and methods: Right and left SGBs were performed with 8 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine in 10 patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon. There was an interval of at least 1 week between the right and left blocks of each patient. The blood pressure and the RR and QT intervals were measured before the block and 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min after the block. The QTc interval was calculated using Bazett's …

The Relationship Between Symptoms And The Results Of The Skin Prick Test In Patients With Allergic Rhinitis, Hayri̇ye Karabulut, Emre Günbey, Mehmet Ali̇ Babademez, Baran Acar, Emrah Çeli̇k, Tevfi̇k Pinar, Riza Murat Karaşen

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine the relationship between skin prick test results and allergic symptoms and to discover which symptom or symptoms are more commonly associated with the skin prick test. Materials and methods: Of the 1462 patients with a prediagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) who underwent the skin prick test, 495 subjects completed the symptoms inquiry form and were included in the study. Results: Out of 495 cases, the skin prick test was found to be positive in 358 and negative in 137. No significant relationship was found between sneezing, runny nose, itchy nose, nasal obstruction, headache, postnasal drip, and skin prick …

Determination Of Changes In The Basal Metabolic Rate And Body Composition Of Patients With Chronic Active And Inactive Hepatitis B Infection Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis*, Gökhan Unutmaz, Süda Teki̇n Koruk, Cemi̇l Sert

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To examine changes in the basal metabolic rate and body composition of patients with chronic inactive and active hepatitis B (HBV) infection as measured using single frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and to investigate the convenience of this method for follow-up with these patients. Materials and methods: Twenty patients with chronic inactive HBV infection, 22 with chronic active HBV infection, and 43 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Using single frequency BIA and basal metabolic rate (BMR), the resistance and body composition of all participants were measured. Results: A total of 85 subjects (31 female and 54 male) with …

A Rare Presentation Of Brucellosis: Polyradiculopathy And Peripheral Neuritis, Günay Ertem, Gülni̇hal Kutlu, Çi̇ğdem Ataman Hati̇poğlu, Cemal Bulut, Ali̇ Pekcan Demi̇röz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To present 8 patients with polyradiculopathy or polyradiculoneuritis caused by brucellosis. Polyradiculopathy or polyradiculoneuritis are occasional neurological involvements of brucellosis. Materials and methods: The diagnosis was made with clinical, serological and/or cerebrospinal fluid, and electromyographic examinations. Results: All of the patients except one improved quickly after specific antimicrobial treatment. Furthermore, electrophysiological examinations revealed normal findings in 6 patients. Conclusion: This clinical form of brucellosis is mostly reversible if it is diagnosed earlier and treated effectively.

Effects Of Long-Term Passive Smoking On The Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor And Apoptosis Marker Expression In The Retina And Choroid: An Experimental Study, Sema Dündar, Fati̇h Özcura, İbrahi̇m Meteoğlu, Mehmet Erkut Kara

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To investigate the effects of smoking, reported as a risk factor for age related macular degeneration (ARMD), on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and apoptosis in the retina and choroid of rats. Materials and methods: This experimental study included 38 Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups. Groups 1 (males) and 2 (females) were exposed to smoke beginning on day 21 after birth, whereas groups 3 (males) and 4 (females) were not exposed to smoke. At the end of the fourth month, the right eyes of all of the rats were enucleated. Immunohistochemical analysis was …

Prevalence Of Latent Prostate Cancer And Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia In İstanbul, Turkey: An Autopsy Study, Nusret Akpolat, Yalçin Büyük, İbrahi̇m Uzun, İlhan Geçi̇t, Gülay Kurnaz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To investigate the frequency of latent prostatic carcinoma (PCa) and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in the Turkish population. Materials and methods: PCa and PIN were evaluated in 116 male autopsy cases in which the cause of death was nontumoral. All patients were Turkish, living in İstanbul, and aged 40-79 years. Results: The prevalence of PCa was 19.8% and the decade rates (decades 5-8) were 9.5%, 12.5%, 18.8%, and 37%, respectively (P < 0.011). The rates of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) were 33.3%, 31.3%, 56.3%, and 25.9% for decades 5-8, respectively (P > 0.05). A total of 68.4% of PCa cases were HGPIN. There was a statistically significant correlation among HGPIN, PCa, and Gleason scores (P < 0.002). Conclusion: The prevalence of latent PCa in the Turkish population is very high (19.7%). In order to determine latent PCa cases, males over 40 years of age must be screened more strictly.

Comparison Between Intravenous And Thoracic Epidural Analgesia In Single Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery, Nevri̇ye Salman, Fati̇h Tanzer Serter, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Uçar, Serdar Günaydin, Ali̇ Cem Yorgancioğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: To compare thoracic epidural analgesia with intravenous analgesia in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 40 patients who had received elective single artery bypass surgery. After general anesthesia, one group was given patient-controlled thoracic epidural analgesia and the other group was given patient-controlled intravenous meperidine analgesia. Patient assessments were performed during the postoperative period and included the duration of hospital stay, pain and sedation scores, ambulation score, atrial fibrillation incidence, and organ morbidities. Results: No differences were detected between the groups in the demographic or intraoperative data. However, a statistically …

Xeroderma Pigmentosum In Eastern Turkey: A Review Of 15 Cases, Necmetti̇n Akdeni̇z, Serap Güneş Bi̇lgi̇li̇, Ömer Çalka, Ayşe Serap Karadağ

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). XP is a rare autosomal recessive disease that is characterized by cellular hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, development of cancers at an early age, severe actinic changes, and photophobia. Materials and methods: In the dermatology clinic of Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey, 15 patients who were diagnosed with XP were seen between April 2004 and May 2010. They were evaluated according to their age, sex, family history, parental relationships, age at onset of skin lesions, presence of cutaneous malignancy, and neurological and ophthalmologic involvement. Results: The patients consisted of …

Ciprofloxacin Versus Levofloxacin In Avoidance Of Prostate Biopsy In Patients With Isolated Psa Elevation: A Prospective Randomized Study, Doğan Ünal, Aki̇f Koç, Ömer Faruk Karataş, Ersi̇n Çi̇mentepe

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The efficiencies of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation were compared in terms of avoidance of prostate biopsy in this study. Materials and methods: Included in the study were 43 men with PSA levels of >=3.5 ng/mL. They were randomized into either ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin groups for a 3-week course. PSA and free PSA levels were measured before and after the antibiotherapy. The patients in whom PSA remained >=3.5 ng/mL after therapy underwent biopsy. Results: The average age of the men was 64.44 years (standard deviation: 9.54). Following antibiotics, 76.7% of the patients showed a reduction in PSA …

Dysregulation Of Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity And Bcl-2 And Caspase-3 Gene Expressions In Renal Tissue Of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, Hüseyi̇n Aktuğ, Vi̇ldan Bozok Çeti̇ntaş, Buket Kosova, Fati̇h Oltulu, Şi̇ri̇n Bakti Demi̇ray, Türker Çavuşoğlu, Saadet Özen Akarca, Altuğ Yavaşoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To evaluate the effects of diabetes on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and on gene expressions of B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and caspase-3 in the renal tissues of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats. Materials and methods: Twenty rats were analyzed in 2 equally distributed groups of healthy controls and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Rats with blood glucose levels of >=250 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Renal tissue sections were analyzed histomorphologically and immunohistochemically. Gene expressions of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Bcl-2 expression significantly decreased in the diabetic group, both at the gene and protein level. …

Development Of A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method For Warfarin Detection In Human Plasma, Yung An Chua, Wan Zaidah Abdullah, Siew Hua Gan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Most of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods that have been developed to measure warfarin levels use the preextraction spiked internal standard method. We developed a new liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and reversed-phase HPLC method that uses a postextraction spiked internal standard for the determination of plasma warfarin. Materials and methods: The effect of varying the 1) mobile phase pH, 2) type and composition of organic solvents, 3) type and concentration of buffer solutions, 4) column temperatures, 5) flow rates, 6) organic modifier, and 7) ultraviolet wavelengths were tested. Results: Optimum separation was achieved by using 30:70 (v/v) acetonitrile and potassium …

Long-Term Results Of Pancreaticoduodenectomy And Endoscopic Resection In The Treatment Of Early Stage Carcinoma Of The Ampulla Of Vater: Case Series And Review Of The Literature, Abdulkadi̇r Dökmeci̇, Mustafa Yakut, Necati̇ Örmeci̇, Hasan Özkan, Gökhan Kabaçam

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

We retrospectively evaluated 6 cases to explore the role of curative pancreaticoduodenectomy and endoscopic resection of ampulla of Vater tumors. Six patients diagnosed with stage 1 ampullary tumors at Ankara University Hospital between January 1994 and September 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Icterus was the cardinal symptom in all patients. The median time for the symptoms caused by the lesion of the papilla was 7 weeks in patients with carcinoma. The diameters of the visualized tumors were less than 20 mm. Diabetes mellitus was observed in 2 patients. When the patients were classified according to TNM staging, all patients were in …

Heart Rate Recovery In Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Riza Murat Karaşen, Bülent Çi̇ftçi̇, Ahmet Ari̇f Yalçin, Baran Acar, Selma Firat Güven

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To demonstrate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on baroregulatory function by using heart rate recovery (HRR) parameters. Materials and methods: Fifty-four moderate and severe OSAS patients were included in the study. HRR was defined as the difference in heart rate between peak exercise and 1 min later; a value of 18 beats/min was considered abnormal. OSAS patients were enrolled in the study as group 1 (normal HRR; n = 12) and group 2 (abnormal HRR, n = 42). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %) and other parameters were also measured by echocardiography in both groups. Results: There …

Salter Innominate Osteotomy Or Pemberton Pericapsular Osteotomy In Treatment Of Developmental Dysplasia Of Hip, Naci̇ Ezi̇rmi̇k, Kadri̇ Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

We aimed to compare the clinical and radiological results of the Salter innominate osteotomy (SIO) and Pemberton pericapsular osteotomy (PPO) in children with bilateral developmental hip dysplasia who had undergone PPO for 1 side and SIO for the other side in a 1-stage operation. Materials and methods: Children with bilateral hip dysplasia who had undergone PPO for 1 side and SIO for the other side in a 1-stage operation were included in this study, and 126 hips of 63 patients were evaluated. Clinical and radiological results were evaluated and compared using the Sutherland Pain Scale, Modified McKay Grading System, and …

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Clinical Features Of Amoebiasis And Entamoeba Histolytica Genotypes, Remzi̇ Engi̇n Araz, Özgür Koru, Mehmet Tanyüksel, Tuncer Özeki̇nci̇, Ali̇ Ceylan, Hati̇ce Zeynep Güçlü Kilbaş, Mutali̇p Çi̇çek

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine the presence of Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar and E. moshkovskii in stool samples, tRNA-based short tandem repeat gene polymorphism in E. histolytica isolates, and the relationship between amoeba load and clinical outcome in studies. Materials and methods: This study involved 840 stools samples of individuals having diarrhea/dysentery and individuals who were asymptomatic by using microscopy, culture, E. histolytica antigen ELISA, and conventional/real-time PCR methods. Results: Of the 840 samples analyzed, 4.3% (36/840), 2.6% (22/840), and 7.4% (62/840) of the stool samples were determined to be positive by E. histolytica antigen ELISA, and real-time PCR for E. histolytica and E. …

Comparison Of Conventional And Liquid-Based Cytology: Do The Diagnostic Benefits Outweigh The Financial Aspect?, Erdi̇n İlter, Ahmet Mi̇di̇, Berna Hali̇loğlu, Aygen Çeli̇k, Arzu Neşe Yener, İpek Ulu, Hayri̇ye Serpi̇l Bozkurt, Ümi̇t Özeki̇ci̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

We aimed to compare the efficiency of conventional cytology (CC) and new liquid-based cytology (LBC) techniques in the assessment and the accuracy of Pap smears reported as abnormal by histological examinations. Materials and methods: A total of 3488 women who were undergoing routine cervical screening (1308 CC and 2180 LBC) were included in the initial screening. The results were assessed as either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. Satisfactory results were subdivided as negative, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), atypical squamous cells for which high-grade lesions could not be excluded (ASC-H), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL), …

Doppler Sonography Of Hemodynamic Changes Of The Celiac Artery In Chronic Active Gastritis, Asli Köktener, Fatma Gül Cansel Türkay, Eli̇fe Erarslan, Reyhan Bayrak, Si̇bel Yeni̇dünya, Kayihan Akin, Di̇lek Kösehan, Banu Çakir

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

In this study, we determined how Doppler parameters of the celiac artery (CA) are affected in patients with chronic gastritis. Materials and methods: We examined 23 patients (group 1) with chronic active gastritis (diagnosed by endoscopy and histology) and 19 asymptomatic control subjects (group 2) with duplex Doppler ultrasonography. The patient group (group 1) was classified in 2 subgroups according to the severity of the inflammation. The second classification was done according to the presence of the Helicobacter pylori infection within group 1. Mean peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) of the …

Results Of Robotic Radical Prostatectomy In The Hands Of Surgeons Without Previous Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Experience, Abdullah Erdem Canda, Ali̇ Fuat Atmaca, Zi̇ya Akbulut, Erem Asi̇l, Meti̇n Kiliç, Abi̇di̇n Egemen İşgören, Mevlana Derya Balbay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

We report our initial experience related with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) performed by a urologic surgeon without previous laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) experience. Materials and methods: The data of the first 70 patients who underwent RALRP between February 2009 and February 2010 are presented. Results: Mean console time was 214 ± 55.5 min with pelvic lymph node dissection (LND) in 14 patients. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 215 ± 227.3 cc. Fourteen patients had positive surgical margins: pT3 (n = 12) and pT2 (n = 2). Lodge drains and urethral catheters were removed at a mean of 2.9 ± …

Copy Number Variation Signature To Predict Human Ancestry, Melissa Pronold, Marzieh Vali, Roger Pique-Regi, Shahab Asgharzadeh

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Copy number variations (CNVs) are genomic structural variants that are found in healthy populations and have been observed to be associated with disease susceptibility. Existing methods for CNV detection are often performed on a sample-by-sample basis, which is not ideal for large datasets where common CNVs must be estimated by comparing the frequency of CNVs in the individual samples. Here we describe a simple and novel approach to locate genome-wide CNVs common to a specific population, using human ancestry as the phenotype.

Results

We utilized our previously published Genome Alteration Detection Analysis (GADA) algorithm to identify common ancestry …

Genetic Studies Of Complex Human Diseases: Characterizing Snp-Disease Associations Using Bayesian Networks, Bing Han, Xue-Wen Chen, Zohreh Talebizadeh, Hua Xu

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Detecting epistatic interactions plays a significant role in improving pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of complex human diseases. Applying machine learning or statistical methods to epistatic interaction detection will encounter some common problems, e.g., very limited number of samples, an extremely high search space, a large number of false positives, and ways to measure the association between disease markers and the phenotype.

Results

To address the problems of computational methods in epistatic interaction detection, we propose a score-based Bayesian network structure learning method, EpiBN, to detect epistatic interactions. We apply the proposed method to both simulated datasets and …

Sex Differences In The Dopaminergic Regulation Of Courtship, But Not Pairing Behaviors In Zebra Finches, Erin Marie Lowrey

Wayne State University Theses

Dopamine is one of the key ingredients in the glue that cements social bonds in vertebrates. The D2 dopamine receptor has been implicated in the regulation of monogamous pair bonding in the prairie vole. While dopamine affects courtship behaviors in the male zebra finch, the behavioral role of dopamine acting at D2 receptors in both males and females deserves further attention. We hypothesized that the D2 receptor would regulate courtship and pairing behaviors in the male and female zebra finch. Sixteen males and females were tested using a repeated measures design. On day 1, the zebra finches were injected with …

The Epigenetic Regulation Of Cubilin And The Physiological Role Of This Receptor In Maintaining The Homeostasis Of Serum Albumin And Hdl, Sayed Obaidullah Aseem

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Cubilin is an endocytic receptor capable of mediating the endocytosis of multiple ligands including High Density Lipoprotein apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-1) and albumin. It is highly expressed on the epithelium of intestinal villi and renal proximal tubules. In the kidney, endocytosis mediated by cubilin and its co-receptor megalin is the principal mechanism for proximal tubule reabsorption of filtered proteins, such as albumin and apoA-1. Yet, the consequences of cubilin deficiency on the blood levels of albumin and apoA-1 have not been studied. Furthermore, cubilin is downregulated in chronic diseases such as diabetes. However, little is known about the regulation of cubilin …

Genetics And Cancer, Sachin Puri

A with Honors Projects

Genes' effect in body and relationship with cancer. Role in cell cycle and angiogenesis.

Rapidly Progressing, Diffuse Violaceous Nodules As A Presenting Symptom For Aggressive Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Lusia S. Yi Do, Ms, Arthur C. Sosis Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Efficacy Of Infection Control Interventions In Reducing The Spread Of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms In The Hospital Setting, Joanna R. Wares, Erika M.C. D'Agata, Mary Ann Horn, Shigui Ruan, Glenn F. Webb

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) continue to spread in hospitals globally, but the population-level impact of recommended preventive strategies and the relative benefit of individual strategies targeting all MDRO in the hospital setting are unclear. To explore the dynamics of MDRO transmission in the hospital, we develop a model extending data from clinical individual-level studies to quantify the impact of hand hygiene, contact precautions, reducing antimicrobial exposure and screening surveillance cultures in decreasing the prevalence of MDRO colonization and infection. The effect of an ongoing increase in the influx of patients colonized with MDRO into the hospital setting is also quantified. We …

Sterol Lipid Metabolism In Down Syndrome Revisited: Down Syndrome Is Associated With A Selective Reduction In Serum Brassicasterol Levels, Gavin Tansley, Daniel T. Holmes, Dieter Lütjohann, Elizabeth Head, Cheryl L. Wellington

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Over the past 15 years, insights into sterol metabolism have improved our understanding of the relationship between lipids and common conditions such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A better understanding of sterol lipid metabolism in individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) may help elucidate how this population's unique metabolic characteristics influence their risks for atherosclerosis and AD. To revisit the question of whether sterol lipid parameters may be altered in DS subjects, we performed a pilot study to assess traditional serum sterol lipids and lipoproteins, as well as markers of sterol biosynthesis, metabolites, and plant sterols in 20 subjects with …

Aging And Down Syndrome, Elizabeth Head, Wayne Silverman, David Patterson, Ira T. Lott

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Characterisation Of Crataegus Monogyna Fractions And Assessment Of Their Functional Properties, Eilish Shortle

Theses

Hawthorn {Crataegus monogyna) is a herb that has been used medicinally since ancient times. In modern medicine it is known for its cardiotonic properties and is used as a cardiovascular protective, hypotensive and hypocholesterolemic agent. In recent years supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has become more popular as an extraction method for botanical material as it is an environmentally-friendly method that can produce toxic-free extracts. The optimal SFE extraction conditions for the extraction of antioxidant compounds from both, hawthorn leaf & dower and hawthorn berries, using carbon dioxide, were determined in this study. The optimized extracts were then compared to pre-prepared …