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Neurotechnologies At The Intersection Of Criminal Procedure And Constitutional Law, Amanda C. Pustilnik

Faculty Scholarship

The rapid development of neurotechnologies poses novel constitutional issues for criminal law and criminal procedure. These technologies can identify directly from brain waves whether a person is familiar with a stimulus like a face or a weapon, can model blood flow in the brain to indicate whether a person is lying, and can even interfere with brain processes themselves via high-powered magnets to cause a person to be less likely to lie to an investigator. These technologies implicate the constitutional privilege against compelled, self-incriminating speech under the Fifth Amendment and the right to be free of unreasonable search and seizure …

An Entropy-Based Automated Cell Nuclei Segmentation And Quantification: Application In Analysis Of Wound Healing Process, Varun Oswal, Ashwin Belle, Robert Diegelmann, Kayvan Najarian

Computer Science Publications

The segmentation and quantification of cell nuclei are two very significant tasks in the analysis of histological images. Accurate results of cell nuclei segmentation are often adapted to a variety of applications such as the detection of cancerous cell nuclei and the observation of overlapping cellular events occurring during wound healing process in the human body. In this paper, an automated entropy-based thresholding system for segmentation and quantification of cell nuclei from histologically stained images has been presented. The proposed translational computation system aims to integrate clinical insight and computational analysis by identifying and segmenting objects of interest within histological …

Genetic, Maternal And Placental Factors In The Association Between Birth Weight And Physical Fitness: A Longitudinal Twin Study, Robert N. H. Touwaslagar, Marji Gielen, Grans E. S. Tan, Antonius L. M. Mulder, Williem J. M. Gerver, Luc J. Zimmermann, Alfons J. H. M. Houben, Maurice P. Zeegers, Catherine Derom, Robert Vlietinck, Hermine Maes, Coen D. A. Stehouwer, Martine Thomis

Human and Molecular Genetics Publications

Background

Adult cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength are related to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Both are possibly related to birth weight, but it is unclear what the importance is of genetic, maternal and placental factors in these associations.

Design

Peak oxygen uptake and measures of strength, flexibility and balance were obtained yearly during adolescence (10–18 years) in 114 twin pairs in the Leuven Longitudinal Twin Study. Their birth weights had been collected prospectively within the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey.

Results

We identified linear associations between birth weight and adolescent vertical jump (b = 1.96 cm per kg birth weight, …

Increased Frequency Of Micronuclei In Adults With A History Of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Discordant Monozygotic Twin Study, Timothy P. York, Jenni Brumelle, Jane Juusola, Kenneth S. Kendler, Lindon J. Eaves, Ananda B. Amstadler, Steven H. Aggen, Kimberly H. Jones, Andrea Ferreira-Gonzalez, Colleen Jackson-Cook

Human and Molecular Genetics Publications

Background

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a traumatic life event associated with an increased lifetime risk for psychopathology/morbidity. The long-term biological consequences of CSA-elicited stress on chromosomal stability in adults are unknown. The primary aim of this study was to determine if the rate of acquired chromosomal changes, measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay on stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes, differs in adult female monozygotic twins discordant for CSA.

Methods

Monozygotic twin pairs discordant for CSA were identified from a larger population-based sample of female adult twins for whom the experience of CSA was assessed by self-report (51 individuals including a …

Rapid And Inexpensive Screening Of Genomic Copy Number Variations Using A Novel Quantitative Fluorescent Pcr Method, Martin Stofanko, Joan C. Han, Sarah H. Elsea, Heloísa B. Pena, Higgor Gonçalves-Dornelas, Sérgio Danilo Junho Pena

Human and Molecular Genetics Publications

Detection of human microdeletion and microduplication syndromes poses significant burden on public healthcare systems in developing countries. With genome-wide diagnostic assays frequently inaccessible, targeted low-cost PCR-based approaches are preferred. However, their reproducibility depends on equally efficient amplification using a number of target and control primers. To address this, the recently described technique called Microdeletion/Microduplication Quantitative Fluorescent PCR (MQF-PCR) was shown to reliably detect four human syndromes by quantifying DNA amplification in an internally controlled PCR reaction. Here, we confirm its utility in the detection of eight human microdeletion syndromes, including the more common WAGR, Smith-Magenis, and Potocki-Lupski syndromes with 100% …

Identification Of Genes Potentially Regulated By Human Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (Hpnpaseold-35) Using Melanoma As A Model, Upneet K. Sokhi, Manny D. Bacolod, Santanu Dasgupta, Luni Emdad, Swadesh K. Das

Human and Molecular Genetics Publications

Human Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (hPNPaseold-35 or PNPT1) is an evolutionarily conserved 3′→5′ exoribonuclease implicated in the regulation of numerous physiological processes including maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, mtRNA import and aging-associated inflammation. From an RNase perspective, little is known about the RNA or miRNA species it targets for degradation or whose expression it regulates; except for c-myc and miR-221. To further elucidate the functional implications of hPNPaseold-35 in cellular physiology, we knocked-down and overexpressed hPNPaseold-35 in human melanoma cells and performed gene expression analyses to identify differentially expressed transcripts. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis indicated that knockdown of hPNPaseold-35 resulted in significant …

The Krüppel-Like Factor 2 And Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Genes Interact To Maintain Endothelial Integrity In Mouse Embryonic Vasculogenesis, Aditi R. Chiplunkar, Benjamin C. Curtis, Gabriel L. Eades, Megan S. Kane, Sean J. Fox, Jack L. Haar, Joyce A. Lloyd

Human and Molecular Genetics Publications

Background Krüppel-like Factor 2 (KLF2) plays an important role in vessel maturation during embryonic development. In adult mice, KLF2 regulates expression of the tight junction protein occludin, which may allow KLF2 to maintain vascular integrity. Adult tamoxifen-inducible Krüppel-like Factor 4 (KLF4) knockout mice have thickened arterial intima following vascular injury. The role of KLF4, and the possible overlapping functions of KLF2 and KLF4, in the developing vasculature are not well-studied.

Results Endothelial breaks are observed in a major vessel, the primary head vein (PHV), in KLF2-/-KLF4-/- embryos at E9.5. KLF2-/-KLF4-/- embryos die by E10.5, which is earlier than either single …

Krüppel-Like Factor 2 Is Required For Normal Mouse Cardiac Development, Aditi R. Chiplunkar, Tina K. Lung, Yousef Alhashem, Benjamin A. Koppenhaver, Fadi N. Salloum, Rakesh C. Kukreja, Jack L. Haar, Joyce A. Lloyd

Human and Molecular Genetics Publications

Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is expressed in endothelial cells in the developing heart, particularly in areas of high shear stress, such as the atrioventricular (AV) canal. KLF2 ablation leads to myocardial thinning, high output cardiac failure and death by mouse embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) in a mixed genetic background. This work identifies an earlier and more fundamental role for KLF2 in mouse cardiac development in FVB/N mice. FVB/N KLF2−/− embryos die earlier, by E11.5. E9.5 FVB/N KLF2−/− hearts have multiple, disorganized cell layers lining the AV cushions, the primordia of the AV valves, rather than the normal single layer. By …

A Twin Study Of Early-Childhood Asthma In Puerto Ricans, Supinda Bunyavanich, Judy L. Silberg, Jessica Lasky-Su, Nathan A. Gillespie, Nancy E. Lange, Glorisa Canino, Juan C. Celedon

Human and Molecular Genetics Publications

Background

The relative contributions of genetics and environment to asthma in Hispanics or to asthma in children younger than 3 years are not well understood.

Objective

To examine the relative contributions of genetics and environment to early-childhood asthma by performing a longitudinal twin study of asthma in Puerto Rican children ≤3 years old.

Methods

678 twin infants from the Puerto Rico Neo-Natal Twin Registry were assessed for asthma at age 1 year, with follow-up data obtained for 624 twins at age 3 years. Zygosity was determined by DNA microsatellite profiling. Structural equation modeling was performed for three phenotypes at ages …

Targeted Apoptotic Effects Of Thymoquinone And Tamoxifen On Xiap Mediated Akt Regulation In Breast Cancer, Shashi Rajput, B. N. P. Kumar, Siddik Sarkar, Subhasis Das, Belal Azab, Prasanna K. Santhekadur, Swadesh K. Das, Luni Emdad, Devanand Sarkar, Paul B. Fisher, Mahitosh Mandal

Human and Molecular Genetics Publications

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is constitutively expressed endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis, exhibit its antiapoptotic effect by inactivating key caspases such as caspase-3, caspase-7 and caspase-9 and also play pivotal role in rendering cancer chemoresistance. Our studies showed the coadministration of TQ and TAM resulting in a substantial increase in breast cancer cell apoptosis and marked inhibition of cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive potential of TQ and TAM was assessed through in vitro studies. This novel combinatorial regimen leads to regulation of multiple cell signaling targets including inactivation of Akt and XIAP degradation. …

Role Of Iron In Ethanol Derived Hepatic Stress, Jesse A. Thornton

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Chronic alcohol abuse is the third leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Ethanol metabolism causes liver injury through alterations in hepatic metabolic state, redox status, and acetaldehyde adduct formations. Increased iron absorption is associated with chronic ethanol consumption and may play a role in ethanol induced oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that normal labile iron in the liver plays a role in ethanol related pathological stress, using C57/Bl6 mice pair-fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid ethanol diets for 11 and 22 weeks. Normal iron group mice received 55mg/kg iron as ferric citrate, whereas the low iron groups received 5mg/kg. …

Antibiotic-Like Actions Of Vitamin D, Franklin D. Shuler Md, Phd, Josh Hendrix, Adam Short, Sammy Hodroge

Orthopaedics

Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that has expanding importance for a healthy lifestyle and disease prevention. A multitude of studies have highlighted that vitamin D acts not only in bone and calcium homeostasis but is critically important for human immunity. The discovery that the storage form of vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) can be locally converted to the active form (1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3) in immune cells, epithelial cells and numerous other non-renal tissues highlights the importance of maintaining sufficient stores. When responding to a specific external stimulus, like bacterial invasion, intracrine synthesis of active vitamin D has the ability to regulate …

Effects Of Treatment On Ige Responses Against Parasite Allergen-Like Proteins And Immunit To Reinfection In Childhood Schistosome And Hookworm Coinfections, Angela Pinot De Moira, Frances M. Jones, Shona Wilson, Edridah Tukahebwa, Colin M. Fitzsimmons, Joseph K. Mwatha, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Narcis B. Kabatereine, David W. Dunne

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Naturally occurring human immunity to both schistosomiasis and hookworm infection has been associated with IgE responses against parasite allergen-like proteins. Since the two helminths frequently coinfect the same individuals, there is growing advocacy for their concurrent treatment. However, both helminths are known to exert strong immunomodulatory effects; therefore, coinfected individuals could have immune responses different from those characteristically seen in monoinfected individuals. In this study, we measured changes in IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 responses to schistosome and hookworm antigens, including the allergen-like proteins Schistosoma mansoni tegumental-allergen-like 1 protein (SmTAL1), SmTAL2, and Necator americanus Ancylostoma-secreted protein-2 (Na-ASP-2), following concurrent …

Htlv Tax: A Fascinating Multifunctional Co-Regulator Of Viral And Cellular Pathways, Robert Currer, Rachel Van Duyne, Elizabeth Jaworski, Irene Guendel, Gavin Sampey, Ravi Das, Aarthi Narayanan, Fatah Kashanchi

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been identified as the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The virus infects between 15 and 20 million people worldwide of which approximately 2–5% develop ATL. The past 35 years of research have yielded significant insight into the pathogenesis of HTLV-1, including the molecular characterization of Tax, the viral transactivator, and oncoprotein. In spite of these efforts, the mechanisms of oncogenesis of this pleiotropic protein remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we illustrate the multiple oncogenic roles of Tax by summarizing a recent …

Transcriptional Responses Of In Vivo Praziquantel Exposure In Schistosomes Identifies A Functional Role For Calcium Signalling Pathway Member Camkii, Hong You, Donald P. Mcmanus, Wei Hu, Michael J. Smout, Paul J. Brindley, Geoffrey N. Gobert

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Treatment for clinical schistosomiasis has relied centrally on the broad spectrum anthelmintic praziquantel; however, there is limited information on its mode of action or the molecular response of the parasite. This paper presents a transcriptional and functional approach to defining the molecular responses of schistosomes to praziquantel. Differential gene expression in Schistosoma japonicum was investigated by transcriptome-wide microarray analysis of adult worms perfused from infected mice after 0.5 to 24 hours after oral administration of sub-lethal doses of praziquantel. Genes up-regulated initially in male parasites were associated with “Tegument/Muscle Repair” and “Lipid/Ion Regulation” functions and were followed by “Drug Resistance” …

Thrombospondin-1 Signaling Through Cd47 Inhibits Self-Renewal By Regulating C-Myc And Other Stem Cell Transcription Factors, Sukhbir Kaur, David R. Soto-Pantoja, Erica V. Stein, Chengyu Liu, Abdel G. Elkahloun, Michael L. Pendrak, Alina Nicolae, Satya P. Singh, Zuqin Nie, David Levens, Jeffrey S. Isenberg, David D. Roberts

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Signaling through the thrombospondin-1 receptor CD47 broadly limits cell and tissue survival of stress, but the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. We now show that loss of CD47 permits sustained proliferation of primary murine endothelial cells, increases asymmetric division, and enables these cells to spontaneously reprogram to form multipotent embryoid body-like clusters. c-Myc, Klf4, Oct4, and Sox2 expression is elevated in CD47-null endothelial cells, in several tissues of CD47- and thrombospondin-1-null mice, and in a human T cell line lacking CD47. CD47 knockdown acutely increases mRNA levels of c-Myc and other stem cell transcription factors in cells and in vivo, …

Cd56negcd16+ Nk Cells Are Activated Mature Nk Cells With Impaired Effector Function During Hiv-1 Infection, Jeffrey M. Milush, Sandra López-Vergès, Vanessa A. York, Steven G. Deeks, Jeffrey N. Martin, Frederick M. Hecht, Lewis L. Lanier, Douglas F. Nixon

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: A subset of CD3(neg)CD56(neg)CD16⁺ Natural Killer (NK) cells is highly expanded during chronic HIV-1 infection. The role of this subset in HIV-1 pathogenesis remains unclear. The lack of NK cell lineage-specific markers has complicated the study of minor NK cell subpopulations.

RESULTS: Using CD7 as an additional NK cell marker, we found that CD3(neg)CD56(neg)CD16⁺ cells are a heterogeneous population comprised of CD7⁺ NK cells and CD7(neg) non-classical myeloid cells. CD7⁺CD56(neg)CD16⁺ NK cells are significantly expanded in HIV-1 infection. CD7⁺CD56(neg)CD16⁺ NK cells are mature and express KIRs, the C-type lectin-like receptors NKG2A and NKG2C, and natural cytotoxicity receptors similar to …

Understanding The Anatomy Of Dystonia: Determinants Of Penetrance And Phenotype, R. P. Lerner, M. Niethammer, D. Eidelberg

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Short-Acting Analogue Insulins On Body Weight In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cumali̇ Karatoprak, Servet Yolbaş, Muharrem Kiskaç, Mehmet Zorlu, Adnan Yay, Mustafa Çakirca, Mehmetali̇ Çikrikçioğlu, Reha Erkoç, Ertuğrul Taşan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To investigate the effects of short-acting analogue insulins on weight, and to demonstrate the difference between analogues. Materials and methods: Our study included patients who have used only intensive insulin therapy with metformin. Those who took other oral antidiabetics, other insulin derivatives, or different insulin combinations were excluded from the study because of the adverse effects on patients' weights. Results: Our study included 118 patients who used insulin glargine with short-acting analogue insulins, i.e. insulin aspart (38 patients), insulin lispro (28 patients), and insulin glulisine (52 patients). After 3 to 6 months of treatment, significant weight gain was observed in …

Association Between The Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor (Lhcgr) Rs4073366 Polymorphism And Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome During Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation, Travis J. O'Brien, Mariah M. Kalmin, Arthur F. Harralson, Adam M. Clark, Ian Gindoff, Samuel J. Simmens, David Frankfurter, Paul Gindoff

Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between a purported luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LHCGR) high function polymorphism (rs4539842/insLQ) and outcome to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH).

Methods

This was a prospective study of 172 patients undergoing COH at the Fertility and IVF Center at GWU. DNA was isolated from blood samples and a region encompassing the insLQ polymorphism was sequenced. We also investigated a polymorphism (rs4073366 G > C) that was 142 bp frominsLQ. The association of the insLQ and rs4073366 alleles and outcome to COH (number of mature follicles, …

The Expanding Genomic Landscape Of Autism: Discovering The 'Forest' Beyond The 'Trees', Valerie Wailin Hu

Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by significant deficits in reciprocal social interactions, impaired communication, and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Because ASDs are among the most heritable of neuropsychiatric disorders, much of autism research has focused on the search for genetic variants in protein-coding genes (i.e., the "trees"). However, no single gene can account for more than 1% of the cases of ASD. Yet, genome-wide association studies have often identified statistically significant associations of genetic variations in regions of DNA that do not code for proteins (i.e., intergenic regions). There is increasing evidence that such noncoding regions are actively …

Sarcoidosis And Denim Sandblasting: A Case Report, Hülya Uzkeser, Sali̇ha Karatay, Kadi̇r Yildirim, Suat Eren

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

In this case report we present a rare case of sarcoidosis associated with denim sandblasting. A 33-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with pain in his shoulders, elbows, wrists, and hips, which had started 5 months earlier. His medical history showed that he had been working in denim sandblasting for the last 4 years. Sacroiliac compression and FABER tests were both positive. Laboratory analysis reported an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 43 mm/h and serum C-reactive protein of 11 mg/dL. Bilateral hilar and mediastinal multiple lymph nodes of about 2 cm and bilateral parenchymal nodular opacities were observed in …

Early Alzheimer's And Parkinson's Disease Pathology In Urban Children: Friend Versus Foe Responses—It Is Time To Face The Evidence, Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas, Maricela Franco-Lira, Antonieta Mora-Tiscareño, Humberto Medina-Cortina, Ricardo Torres-Jardon, Michael Kavanaugh

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Chronic exposure to particulate matter air pollution is known to cause inflammation leading to respiratory- and cardiovascularrelated sickness and death. Mexico City Metropolitan Area children exhibit an early brain imbalance in genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Early dysregulated neuroinflammation, brain microvascular damage, production of potent vasoconstrictors, and perturbations in the integrity of the neurovascular unit likely contribute to progressive neurodegenerative processes. The accumulation of misfolded proteins coincides with the anatomical distribution observed in the early stages of both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. We contend misfolding of hyperphosphorylated tau (HPrc), alpha-synuclein, and beta-amyloid could …

Exposure To Urban Air Pollution And Bone Health In Clinically Healthy Six-Year-Old Children, Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas, Antonieta Mora-Tiscareño, Maricela Franco-Lira, Ricardo Torres-Jardon, Bernardo Pena-Cruz, Carolina Palacios-López, Hongtu Zhu, Linglong Kong, Nicolas Mendoza-Mendoza, Hortencia Montesinoscorrea, Lina Romero, Gildardo Valencia-Salazar, Michael Kavanaugh, Silvestre Frenk

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Air pollution induces systemic inflammation, as well as respiratory, myocardial and brain inflammation in children. Peak bone mass is influenced by environmental factors. We tested the hypothesis that six-year-olds with lifetime exposures to urban air pollution will have alterations in inflammatory markers and bone mineral density (BMD) as opposed to low-polluted city residents when matched for BMI, breast feeding history, skin phototype, age, sex and socioeconomic status. This pilot study included 20 children from Mexico City (MC) (6.17 years ± 0.63 years) and 15 controls (6.27 years ± 0.76 years). We performed full paediatric examinations, a history of outdoor exposures, …

Novel Dicarboxylate Selectivity In An Insect Glutamate Transporter Homolog, Hui Wang, Avi M. Rascoe, David Charles Holley, Eric Gouaux, Michael Kavanaugh

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Mammals express seven transporters from the SLC1 (solute carrier 1) gene family, including five acidic amino acid transporters (EAAT1-5) and two neutral amino acid transporters (ASCT1-2). In contrast, insects of the order Diptera possess only two SLC1 genes. In this work we show that in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus, a carrier of West Nile virus, one of its two SLC1 EAAT-like genes encodes a transporter that displays an unusual selectivity for dicarboxylic acids over acidic amino acids. In eukaryotes, dicarboxylic acid uptake has been previously thought to be mediated exclusively by transporters outside the SLC1 family. The dicarboxylate selectivity was …

Brain Immune Interactions And Air Pollution: Macrophage Inhibitory Factor (Mif), Prion Cellular Protein (Prpc), Interleukin-6 (Il-6), Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist (Il-1ra), And Interleukin-2 (Il-2) In Cerebrospinal Fluid And Mif In Serum Differentiate Urban Children Exposed To Severe Vs. Low Air Pollution, Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas, Janet V. Cross, Maricela Franco-Lira, Mariana Aragón-Flores, Michael Kavanaugh, Ricardo Torres-Jardon, Chih-Kai Chao, Charles Thompson, Jing Chang, Hongtu Zhu, Amedeo D'Angiulli

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Mexico City Metropolitan Area children chronically exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants exhibit an early brain imbalance in genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, innate and adaptive immune responses along with accumulation of misfolded proteins observed in the early stages of Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases. A complex modulation of serum cytokines and chemokines influences children's brain structural and gray/white matter volumetric responses to air pollution. The search for biomarkers associating systemic and CNS inflammation to brain growth and cognitive deficits in the short term and neurodegeneration in the long-term is our principal aim. We explored and compared a profile …

Comparison Of Latanoprost, Brimonidine Tartrate, And Bimatoprost Plus Timolol Maleate In Fixed Combinations, Güli̇z Fatma Yavaş, Tuncay Küsbeci̇, Onur Polat, Mahmut Karadaş, Sitki Samet Ermi̇ş, Ümi̇t Übeyt İnan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of fixed-combination antiglaucoma agents, and to evaluate the effect of these drugs on the visual field and optic disk morphology. Materials and methods: Included in this retrospective study were 17 eyes receiving latanoprost 0.005% + timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination (group 1), 18 eyes receiving brimonidine tartrate 0.2% + timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination (group 2), and 16 eyes receiving bimatoprost 0.03% + timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination (group 3), all with the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer, a visual field test …

Analysis Of 161 Adult Patients With Brucellosis, Bi̇rcan Kayaaslan, Esragül Akinci, Ali̇ye Baştuğ, Seli̇m Sirri Eren, Pinar Öngürü, Ayşe But, Meltem Arzu Yetki̇n, Hurrem Bodur

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features, and complications of brucellosis. Materials and methods: Between January 2005 and December 2008, 161 patients with brucellosis who were admitted to our clinic were evaluated prospectively. Results: Of the patients, 97 (60.2%) were male, and the mean age was 47 ± 17 years (range: 16-79). There were 99 patients (61.5%) classified as acute, 36 (22.4%) classified as subacute, and 6 (3.7%) classified as having a chronic infection. Relapse or reinfection was observed in 20 (12.4%) patients. Blood culture positivity rates were 60.7% and 44.8% among acute and subacute cases, respectively (P = 0.008). In …

Special Issue On Medical Simulation, Michel Audette, Hanif M. Ladak

Computational Modeling & Simulation Engineering Faculty Publications

We would like to welcome you to this Special Issue on Medical Simulation, the first of its kind not only for SIMULATION: Transactions of The Society for Modeling and Simulation International, but for any technical journal. Our respective backgrounds are an indication of the technical and clinical breadth of medical simulation, as we approach the subject as primarily medical image analysis and biomechanics experts respectively, each with a variety of clinical interests spanning virtual reality (VR)–based neuro-, orthopedic and ear-nose-and-throat surgery. Moreover, we believe that the breadth of the papers that comprise this issue reflects an even broader perspective. After …

Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuronal Activation In The Paraventricular And Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Depends On Ambient Temperature, Samuel P. Wanner, Kyoko Yoshida, Vladimir A. Kulchitsky, Andrei I. Ivanov, Kazuyuki Kanosue, Andrej A. Romanovsky

Human and Molecular Genetics Publications

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is associated with either fever or hypothermia, but the mechanisms responsible for switching from one to the other are unknown. In experimental animals, systemic inflammation is often induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To identify the diencephalic and brainstem structures involved in the fever-hypothermia switch, we studied the expression of c-Fos protein, a marker of neuronal activation, in rats treated with the same high dose of LPS (0.5 mg/kg, intravenously) either in a thermoneutral (30°C) or cool (24°C) environment. At 30°C, LPS caused fever; at 24°C, the same dose caused profound hypothermia. Both fever and hypothermia were …