Digital Commons Network^™

Suture Augmentation With Ucl Repairs In Baseball Pitchers As An Alternate To Reconstructions: An Evidence-To-Practice Review, Kayleigh A. De Koker, Kenneth E. Games

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

An injury to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is sustained through repetitive valgus motions, increasing in prevalence across all levels of baseball due to the increasing workload demands placed on the medial elbow in pitching. Traditionally, UCL tears have been managed through reconstructions followed by a lengthy rehabilitation process. In recent years, the UCL repair with suture augmentation has gained favor given the enhanced patient and clinician outcomes in return-to-play timelines, decreased medial gapping, improved Kerlan Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (KJOC) scores, and long-term functionality. Utilizing 4 databases (MEDLINE, Embase Cochrane library, Science Direct, and Scopus), literature was obtained addressing the …

Sulfatase Modifying Factors Control The Timing Of Zebrafish Convergence And Extension Morphogenesis, Ailen Soledad Cervino, Amrita Basu, Ryan J Weiss, Gursimran Kaur Bajwa, Rubén Marín-Juez, Sandra L Grimm, Cristian Coarfa, Margot Kossmann Williams

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Convergence and extension (C&E) cell movements that elongate the primary embryonic axis are precisely timed during vertebrate gastrulation, but mechanisms controlling their onset remain unknown. Using zebrafish embryonic explants that recapitulate C&E and its timing, we identified sulfatase modifying factor 2 (sumf2) as a candidate trigger gene for C&E onset. sumf2 and its paralog sumf1 encode negative and positive sulfatase regulators, respectively, whose expression levels invert and increase heparan sulfate sulfation during gastrulation. Overexpressing sumf1 or sumf2 causes delayed or precocious C&E, respectively, whereas their loss shifts C&E timing in the opposite direction. We identified Sulf1, a modifier of heparan …

Helminth Coinfections Mitigate Clinical, Parasitological, And Immune Outcomes In Mozambican Children With Malaria, Inocência Cuamba, Rebeca Santano, Berta Grau-Pujol, Marta Vidal, Ruth Aguilar, Anélsio Cossa, Chenjerai Jairoce, Rojelio Mejia, Augusto Nhabomba, Jose Muñoz, Gemma Moncunill, Carlota Dobaño

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Clearance of Plasmodium falciparum infection requires a TH1 immune response with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IgG1, and IgG3 responses. In contrast, infections with helminths are dominated by TH2/Treg immune responses characterized by production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IgE, and IgG4, which could potentially interfere with malaria outcomes and immune responses.

Methods: We recruited 441 malaria-symptomatic children aged 2-10 years attending two hospitals in the Manhiça District (Mozambique) and assessed infection by rapid antigen diagnostic test, microscopy, and/or quantitative PCR. Using Luminex, we measured concentrations of 30 cytokines and IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG, and IgG1-4 levels against 12 P. falciparum antigens …

Factors Associated With Stunting Among Children Aged 6 – 59 Months Attending Integrated Health Post (Posyandu) In Selapajang And Kedaung Wetan Villages, Neglasari Sub-District, Tangerang City: A Matched Case-Control Study, Michael Alexander Solang, Joue Abraham Trixie, Gloria Semula, Tiona Simamora, Conny Tanjung

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Stunting is a problem in Indonesia. In 2022, Kedaung Wetan and Selapajang Villages in Neglasari sub-district, Tangerang City, were identified as a priority. This study aimed to identify factors associated with stunting among children (6 – 59 months) in these villages. A matched case-control study consisting of 214 children (107 cases and 107 controls) was conducted, with individual matching based on age, sex, and prematurity at birth. Cases were children with height-for-age (H/A) measurement less than -2SD (according to WHO standard), while controls were children with H/A equal to or greater than -2SD. Conditional logistic regression was used for the …

Weekly Fluctuations Of Plasma Amyloid-Beta In Alzheimer’S Disease: Implications For Biomarker Reliability, Andy Delgado, Kanisa Davidson, Danitra Parker, Jaleesa Bryant, Vicki Winstead, Mustafa Yildiz, Carolyn E Z Pickering, Andrew M Pickering

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

(Giga)Time For The Era Of Ai: Virtual Multiplex Immunofluorescence From Routine H&E For Large Populations, Shao-Ping Yang, Dihua Yu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Prescribed Aerobic Exercise And Sport-Related Concussion Recovery: A Validation Case Series, Lacy L. Chapel, Tamara C. Valovich Mcleod

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Active rehabilitation, including prescribed sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise implemented during the acute phase of recovery after sport-related concussion, has been shown to facilitate recovery and reduce the risk of persisting postconcussion symptoms. The purpose of this validation case series was to evaluate currently available external evidence regarding the effects of prescribed aerobic exercise interventions on recovery after sport-related concussion. For this study, the patient population included college athletes diagnosed with a sport-related concussion who participated in at least 5 days per week of supervised, prescribed aerobic exercise, based on graded aerobic exercise testing and heart rate threshold. Our study findings …

A Review Of Mentorship And Recruitment Strategies For Minority Athletic Training Students, Dariana M. Brown

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The underrepresentation of minority athletic trainers remains a critical issue, affecting both the profession and the quality of patient care. While patient demographics continue to diversify, the athletic training workforce has not kept pace, leading to potential communication barriers, mistrust, and inadequate culturally competent care. This review examines whether culturally tailored mentorship programs and targeted recruitment initiatives improve retention, career satisfaction, and diversity in athletic training compared to standard methods. By analyzing studies on underrepresented minority students in athletic training, the review highlights key institutional barriers and systemic factors impacting recruitment and retention. Findings suggest that tailored mentorship and supportive …

Acute Management Of A Hamate Fracture In A Collegiate Baseball Player: A Disablement Model Case Study, Kayleigh A. De Koker, Cory E. Barton, Lindsey E. Eberman

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The purpose of this disablement model case study was to outline a collegiate baseball player with an isolated hamate fracture including the injury evaluation, diagnosis, and acute management. During a tournament game, the collegiate career of the patient ended abruptly following an injury sustained while at bat. The patient attempted to bat again but encountered significant difficulty due to the increasing pain in his hand. Consequently, the athletic trainer was called out for an on-field examination. The patient presented with no edema or ecchymosis but severe pain in the hypothenar eminence. This patient also presented with decreased grip strength with …

Evaluating Forearm Strength Variability In Collegiate Tennis Players Over The Course Of A Competitive Season, Jeffrey Williams, Payton Jensen, Kevin Laudner

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The muscles of the forearm undergo routine, forceful, and repetitive contractions while playing tennis and may experience adaptive changes that can precede injury. An understanding of forearm strength profiles of tennis players following a competitive season would assist clinicians’ evidence-based management of the forearm’s readiness for training, competition, and return-to-sport participation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a competitive tennis season on forearm strength among collegiate tennis athletes. A prospective, case-series design was used to examine a convenience sample of 15 asymptomatic NCAA Division I tennis players (males = 10, height = 182.88 [SD …

Quality Of Athletic Training Services For Lower Extremity Injuries, Katie Sniffen, Michael Rozier, Katherine Stamatakis, Paula Buchanan, Janet E. Simon, Leslie Hinyard

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The use of patient-reported outcomes in athletic training is inconsistent, limiting the ability to communicate service quality and value to key stakeholders. The objective of this study is to calculate meaningful quality outcome measures for athletic training services for lower extremity injuries in high school student-athletes. Data were collected from a subset of the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program and a convenience sample of high school student-athletes with patient-reported outcome measures for lower extremity time-loss injuries. Failure-toprogress proportions (FTPPs) were calculated using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for knee/thigh injuries and the Foot …

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections In An Elite Level Diver: A Disablement Model Case Study, Matt O'Sullivan, Dominique M. Stevens, Lindsey E. Eberman

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

This article presents a case of complicated and recurrent pyelonephritis, an infection of 1 or both kidneys, in an elitelevel diver. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common outpatient infections in the United States; most are uncomplicated and resolve without significant mortality or morbidity. However, UTIs have the potential to present significant clinical challenges if the UTI becomes complicated or recurrent. Additionally, recurrent UTIs can carry a significant burden to both the individual patients and the larger healthcare system. The current paper reviews the epidemiological literature surrounding UTIs, the significant impact they have on a patient’s health-related quality …

Comfort Level Of Collegiate Student-Athletes In Opposite And Same-Gender Patient/Provider Relationships In Athletic Training, Samantha Dickie, Yashu Tang, Sydney Nelson, Emily Madrak

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Gender-based comfort in patient-provider relationships is a vital aspect of athletic training care. As the profession continues to evolve—particularly with a growing number of women athletic trainers (ATs) and progression of athletic training curriculum—it is essential to understand how gender dynamics influence the comfort of collegiate athletes when receiving care. This cross-sectional survey study examined how athlete comfort varies when treated by same- versus opposite-gender ATs in general patient care and in pathology-based scenarios. Ninety-six collegiate student-athletes (62.5% female) with the mean age of 20.26 (SD 1.7) years from NCAA and NAIA institutions completed the Gender Comfort with Athletic Trainer …

Comparison Of Vibrating And Non-Vibrating Foam Roller On Hamstring Range Of Motion, Rakhoon Sung, Portia B. Resnick, Karen G. Roos, Mimi Nakajima

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Tightness in the distal hamstring is a common complaint among active individuals. While a foam roller is used to release muscle tension, there are limited studies about the effect using a vibrating foam roller (VFR) on hamstring flexibility and knee range of motion (ROM). For this reason, the purpose of the research was to compare the effect of a VFR and nonvibrating foam roller (NVFR) on hamstring flexibility and knee ROM in active college students. It was hypothesized that there would be more improvement in hamstring flexibility and knee ROM with a VFR than an NVFR. A randomized controlled trial …

High-Power Dual-Channel Chamber For High-Frequency Magnetic Neuromodulation, Xiaoyang Tian, Hui Wang, Boshuo Wang, Jinshui Zhang, Dong Yan, Jeannette Ingabire, Samantha Coffler, Guillaume Duret, Quoc-Khanh Pham, Gang Bao, Junzhe Wang, Ashok Veeraraghavan, Jacob T Robinson, Stefan M Goetz, Angel V Peterchev

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective. Several novel methods, including magnetogenetics and magnetoelectric stimulation, use high frequency alternating magnetic fields to precisely manipulate neural activity. To quantify the behavioral effects of such interventions in a freely moving mouse, we developed a dual-channel magnetic chamber, specifically designed for rate-sensitive magnetothermal-genetic stimulation, and adaptable for other uses of alternating magnetic fields.

Approach. Through an optimized coil design, the system allows independent control of two spatially orthogonal uniform magnetic fields delivered at different frequencies within a 10 × 10 × 6 cm3 chamber suitable for mouse studies. The two channels have nominal frequencies of 50 and 550 kHz …

Plantas Medicinales En El Territorio: Una Vista Desde Los Saberes Ancestrales, Eugenio Alexander Garnica Serrano, Gloria Naidu Cuevas Rodríguez, Diana Carolina Molina León

Ciencias de la Salud

Plantas medicinales en el territorio: una mirada desde los saberes ancestrales, recoge la memoria viva de Cundinamarca y la sabiduría de nuestros mayores, quienes han sabido transmitir el uso de las plantas para aliviar dolencias cotidianas (insomnio, problemas digestivos o los dolores articulares). Esta obra enlaza tradición y ciencia, ofreciendo un testimonio que fortalece la identidad cultural y se convierte en legado para las generaciones presentes y futuras. Más que un compendio de plantas y remedios, este libro es un homenaje a los adultos mayores que cuidan y preservan estas plantas en sus hogares. Su publicación contribuye a la …

Oral Pcsk9 Inhibitor Enlicitide Versus Oral Nonstatin Therapies: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial, Alberico L Catapano, Elina Mikhailova, Ann Marie Navar, Puja Banka, Pablo Corral, Manish Saxena, P Gabriel Steg, Subodh Verma, Andrew Yacoub Kordahi, Geraldine Mendizabal, Pengfei Zhu, Christie M Ballantyne, Coralreef Addon Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Many adults fail to achieve guideline-directed low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals on statin monotherapy, requiring additional nonstatin lipid-lowering medication. Enlicitide, an oral proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, lowered LDL-C by 60% compared with placebo; its efficacy compared with other oral nonstatin therapies has yet to be examined.

Objectives: This study assessed the efficacy of enlicitide, a novel oral PCSK9 inhibitor, vs other oral nonstatin therapies.

Methods: In this phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active-comparator trial, statin-treated adults aged ≥18 years with LDL-C ≥55 mg/dL and a previous major atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event, or LDL-C ≥70 mg/dL if at …

Prevalence And Determinant Factors Of Depression Among Pregnant Women In Poned Health Center In Tangerang City Area, Dian Geumala Hayati, Sudijanto Kamso, Popy Yuniar, Yuli Puspita Devi

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

According to World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10% of pregnant women experience mental disorders, with depression being particularly prevalent. In developing countries, this rate is was even higher, reaching 19.8% after childbirth and 15.6% during pregnancy. Various studies conducted in Indonesia show that the prevalence of depression among pregnant women ranges widely, from 21.4% to 26.2%.This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression during pregnancy in pregnant women at the PONED Community Health Center in Tangerang City Area. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 105 pregnant women attending antenatal check-ups at the 17 PONED …

The Relationship Between Smartphone Screen Time Duration And Individual Chronotype: A Systematic Literature Review, Diego Sergio Giasia Lumbantobing, Thalia Altamilano Pramudya

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

The rapid increase in smartphone use over the past decade led to prolonged screen time across age groups, particularly during nighttime hours. Exposure to artificial light and pre-sleep digital activities was associated with circadian rhythm disruption and alterations in individual chronotype. This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize empirical evidence on the relationship between smartphone screen time duration and individual chronotype across all age groups and to identify key moderating factors influencing this association. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect for studies published between 2015 and 2025. …

Gene-Agnostic Therapeutic Strategies For Inherited Retinal Diseases: Neuroprotection And Immunomodulation, Lucas W. Rowe, S. Patricia Becerra, Robert E. Maclaren, Robert L. Avery, Charles C. Wykoff, Allen C. Ho, Carl D. Regillo, Dean Eliott, Andrew Osborne, Katie M. Binley, Thomas A. Ciulla

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Background/Objectives: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) represent a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by mutations in over 280 genes with more than 3100 identified variants. While gene-specific replacement therapies have achieved landmark success with voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna) for biallelic RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy, developing individual therapies for each genetic subtype remains impractical. This review examines gene-agnostic therapeutic approaches utilizing neuroprotection and immunomodulation that target common pathophysiological mechanisms shared across multiple IRD genotypes. Methods: We reviewed the literature on neuroprotective and immunomodulatory gene therapy strategies for IRDs, focusing on neurotrophic factors and complement system modulation. Results: Neuroprotective approaches delivering neurotrophic factors—including pigment …

Intouch Week Of March 30, 2026, New York Medical College

InTouch

• NYMC Awarded $10 Million DOD Grant
• Inspiring Speakers to Lead the Class of 2026 Forward
• NYMC Rallies for Days of Giving
• NYMC Community Recognizes International Epilepsy Awareness Day
• SHSP Showcases Research and Collaboration at Annual Research and Scholarship Day
• Coverage Matters: Uninsured Children Face Worse TBI Outcomes
• TCDM Gives Free Oral Health Screenings and Education to More Than 300 Schoolchildren

Comparative Antiscabies Efficacy Of Sonneratia Alba Extracts: Evaluation Of Plant Parts And Concentrations In Mice, Delima Engga Maretha, Lara Mukti Taresha, Karina Yuliana, Iis Ariska, Silvia Diah Lestari

Makara Journal of Science

This study evaluated the antiscabies efficacy of 70% ethanol extracts from various parts of the mangrove Sonneratia alba (leaves, flowers, bark, and roots) as a potential alternative therapy. The primary objective was to compare the healing effects of the extracts at different concentrations on scabies lesions in mice (Mus musculus). Using a completely randomized design, 24 male Swiss Webster mice were assigned to four groups: a control (K0) group and three treatment groups to receive 10% (K1), 20% (K2), and 30% (K3) extract concentrations topically twice daily. The results demonstrated that the S. alba extracts had significant effects …

Lab-Made 100 Bp Dna Ladder Using Polymerase Chain Reaction And Human Dna, Muhammad Ilmam Bariqi, Zulham Yamamoto, Putri Chalya Firjatu, Luthfi Umam Hakim Nasution, Oryza Sativa Lubis

Makara Journal of Science

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid, molecular biology technique widely used in disease diagnosis and genetic engineering. Conventional PCR products require agarose gel electrophoresis, which employs a DNA ladder as a size reference. Most commercial ladders are plasmid-based and reliable but require additional culture time. We suggest a more efficient method for producing a DNA ladder using DNA derived from human blood. DNA was isolated using a commercial kit. Primer sets generating 100–1000 base pair (bp)-long fragments bearing target regions p12, p13, and p14 were designed using Primer-BLAST. DNA was amplified by routine PCR, visualized on a 1% (w/v) …

Response To Letter: Assessment Of Postoperative Range Of Motion In Pediatric Patients Undergoing Surgical Reduction And Fixation Of Lateral Condyle Fractures, Gabrielle Rogie, Timothy Borden, Lindsay Crawford, Surya Mundluru, Brennan Roper, Rohini Mahajan Vanodia, Shiraz Younas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Cilia Dynamics In Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Biophysical Characterization Of The Rsph4a Founder Variant, Gabriel Rosario-Ortiz, José Muñiz-Hernández, Natalia M Ortiz-Pérez, Marcos J Ramos-Benitez, Ricardo A Mosquera, Wilfredo De Jesús-Rojas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare ciliopathy resulting in chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease. PCD diagnosis can be achieved by a combination of different diagnostic and adjuvant tools, including high-speed video-microscopy analysis (HSVA). A founder variant has been described in Puerto Rico as the most common cause of PCD in the island. Background/Objectives: In HSVA, objective parameters such as ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and subjective parameters such as ciliary beat pattern (CBP) shed light on the biophysical properties of cilia. However, the subjective nature of CBP creates a gap in knowledge; characteristics such as the length, angle, and bending index of …

Nano Zinc Oxide Against Bacteria Isolated From Burn Infection, Mohammed Jaafar Al-Anssari, Mohammed Sahib Al-Hamami, Hayder Razzaq Al-Ameedee, Rabab Abdul Razzaq Kasema, Hawraa Majid Mahdi

Al-Bahir

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a type of bacteria that is found commonly in the environment, like in soil and in water. This bacteria can cause infections in the blood, lungs (pneumonia), or other parts of the body after surgery. These bacteria are constantly finding new ways to avoid the effects of the antibiotics used to treat the infections they cause. Zinc oxide nanoparticles' (ZnO-NPs') or Nano zinc oxide antibacterial properties have drawn a lot of attention from around the world, especially since nanotechnology has been used to create particles in the nanometer range. Because of their larger specific surface area and …

The Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Alters The Cytoskeleton To Modulate Cell Proliferation And Migration In Aggressive Prostate Cancer, Rajina Shakya, Praveen Suraneni, Amit Rahi, Michael Y Young, Emily Cousino, Christine B Magdongon, Raju Gajjela, Basil B Mattamana, Alexander Zaslavsky, Ganesh S Palapattu, Arun Sreekumar, Dileep Varma

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progresses despite androgen deprivation therapy, as cancer cells adapt to grow without testosterone, becoming more aggressive and prone to metastasis. CRPC biology complicates the development of effective therapies, posing challenges for patient care. Recent gene-expression and metabolomics studies highlight the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) as a critical player, with key components like GNPNAT1 (Glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1) being downregulated in CRPC. GNPNAT1 knockdown in pre-clinical models has been shown to increase growth and metastasis in CRPC tumors, though the mechanisms remain unclear.To investigate the cellular basis of these CRPC phenotypes, we generated a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout model of …

Influenza Infection Has Higher Risk Of Postoperative Complications Than Covid-19 In Shoulder Arthroplasty Patients, Jad J Lawand, Umar Ghilzai, Caleb Witsken, Dion Birhiray, Abdullah Ghali, Youssef M Khalafallah, Rohan G Reddy, Sameer R Khawaja, Adil Shahzad Ahmed

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has captured the attention of healthcare systems worldwide, and testing remains a mainstay of preoperative testing before all surgical procedures, including shoulder arthroplasty. Other viral illnesses, specifically influenza, while still having severe complications, are either overshadowed by testing for COVID-19 or not tested at all.

METHODS: A multi-institutional cohort study using the TriNetX network examined patients undergoing total or hemi shoulder arthroplasty from January 2020 to March 2024. Matched cohorts were created: one with influenza and one with COVID-19 infection, 14 days before surgery.

RESULTS: A total of 3233 and 18,209 patients were included in the …

Letter To The Editor: Evidence For A Two-Step Species-Level Pulmonary Nocardiosis Diagnostic Approach, John Halphen, Mohadese Ahmadzade, Babith Mankidy, Ashkan Berenji, Mohammad Ghasemi-Rad

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Pulmonary nocardiosis, a rare and diagnostically challenging infection, usually presents with heterogeneous radiographic findings, compounded by the low sensitivity of traditional confirmatory cultures. In their most recent work, Wang et al analyzed 102 patients with pulmonary nocardiosis to address these concerns, investigating species-characteristic imaging patterns, pathological associations, and the role of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnostic approach. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) in adult patients with pulmonary infections caused by Nocardia wallacei was demonstrated to have a sensitive (85.71%) and specific (83.34%) presentation of bronchopneumonia in relation to the five Nocardia species in the sample with CT data. The …

Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms And Maternal-Infant Bonding: A Longitudinal Examination Of Depression And Relationship Quality, Journa Njoh, Jonathan S Abramowitz, Rashelle Musci, Mary C Kimmel, Lauren M Osborne, Jack Samuels, Paul Nestadt, Gerald Nestadt, Eric A Storch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background

Perinatal obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms are common and distressing, yet their impact on early parenting outcomes such as maternal-infant bonding remains poorly understood. Although prior research links maternal depression and anxiety to bonding difficulties, less is known about how perinatal OC symptoms relate to maternal-infant bonding over time, or the extent to which maternal-partner relationship quality is associated with these outcomes, and whether depressive symptoms explain observed associations.

Methods

Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of 256 pregnant women recruited from two U.S. sites between 2020 and 2023. Participants completed self-report and clinician-administered assessments at 20 weeks (PGWK20), 34 …