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Covid-19 Outbreak Control, Example Of Ministry Of Health Of Turkey, Yasemi̇n Demi̇rbi̇lek, Gülen Pehli̇vantürk, Zeynep Özge Özgüler, Emi̇ne Alp Meşe

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Our first COVID-19 case in Turkey was a 44-year-old male who referred to the hospital on March 9, 2020. The first related death occurred on March 17, 2020. Preparedness for the pandemic has been ongoing before the first case was detected. The National Pandemic Plan was published in 2006. The Pandemic Influenza National Preparedness Plan was available after being updated in light of experiences gained during the 2009 Influenza A pandemic. Accordingly, Pandemic Coordination Boards and Operation Centers have been established on the national and provincial levels. This was an adaptable plan to the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). We formed …

Global Threat Of Covid 19 And Evacuation Of The Citizens Of Different Countries, İrfan Şencan, Semanur Kuzi̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Beginning from China on December 2019, COVID-19 epidemic has spreaded all over the world in a short period of time and has been a pandemic. In challenge with this pandemic quarantine technique has been used widely after tens of years. In the course of the pandemic, many countries evacuated their citizens from affected regions and combined the evacuation with quarantine process. Some examples of these countries who evacuated their citizens are Germany, Italy, Spain, and USA. In further times, during the course of pandemic, according to spread, other countries evacuated their citizens from these countries too. Despite being the origin …

Critically Ill Covid-19 Patient, Burçi̇n Halaçli, Akin Kaya, Arzu Topeli̇ İski̇t

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stands out as the major pandemic that we have experienced in the last century. As it affects every social structure, it brought the importance of intensive care support once again to the agenda of healthcare system after causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. The precautions to be taken against this virus, where our knowledge is extremely small, intensive care units take an indispensable place in pandemic planning. In this review, we aimed to emphasize the crucial points regarding intensive care management of COVID-19 patients, which we have written not only for intensivists but also for all healthcare …

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury-Induced Alterations In Inflammation And Muscle Physiology, Emily R. Hunt

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

Long term weakness and atrophy of the quadriceps muscle are a direct result of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and persist for up to 10 years post injury. Muscle atrophy ensues regardless of ligamentous reconstruction surgery, indicating that muscle atrophy following injury is a function of the ligament rupture and not reconstruction surgery. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying quadriceps atrophy following ACL rupture is crucial for developing interventions to restore proper quadriceps size and mitigate weakness thereby allowing for improved patient function. In addition to understanding the specific mechanisms that contribute to quadriceps atrophy following ACL rupture, the timing of atrophic …

The Surgical Outcomes Of Trans-Scaphoid Perilunate Fracture-Dislocations, Cemal Kural, Bülent Tanriverdi̇, Ersi̇n Erçi̇n, Emre Baca, Murat Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocation (TSPFD) is a rare injury. TSPFD is a fracture-dislocation that severely disrupts the anatomical structure of the carpal bones and may occur as a result of a high energy trauma of the wrist or a fall on an open hand. In this study, the aim is to provide midterm clinical and radiological evaluations of cases diagnosed and treated as TSPFD.Materials and methods: Eleven patients diagnosed with TSPFD as a result of wrist trauma were treated surgically and were analysed retrospectively. Clinical and radiological follow-up of the cases was evaluated. The mean age of the patients was …

Smokeless Tobacco Use And Risk Of Oral Cavity Cancer, Shah Zeb Khan, Ahmed Farooq, Misbah Masood, Abubaker Shahid, Irfan Ullah Khan, Hasan Nisar, Ismat Fatima

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Smokeless tobacco has been associated with oral cavity cancer for several decades. The incidence of oral cavity cancer is higher in some parts of the world especially South and South-East Asia including Pakistan. The aim of current study was to evaluate the risk of oral cavity cancer among smokeless tobacco users in our country. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted between November 2016 and September 2017. Patients diagnosed with oral cavity cancer receiving treatment were included as cases and the attendants of various cancer patients visiting the hospital during the study period were included in the study …

The Validity And Reliability Of The Turkish Version Of The Body Esteem Scale Foradolescents And Adults (Besaa) For Children, Umut Ece Arslan, Lütfi̇ye Hi̇lal Özcebe, Hande Konşuk Ünlü, Sarp Üner, Mahmut Saadi̇ Yardim, Ozgur Araz, Terry T-K Huang

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Body esteem (BE) is defined as the self-evaluation of one's own body or appearance. The Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) consists of three subscales: BE-appearance, BE-weight, and BE-attribution. Though initially developed for adolescents and adults, the use of the scale has recently increased in health-related research on children. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the BESAA for children. Materials and methods: The participants in the study were 4th grade children (aged 9-10 years) in Ankara, Turkey. The validity of the scale was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor …

Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability And Validity Of The Turkish Version Of Patient-Specific Functional Scale In Patients With Chronic Neck Pain, Gamze Yalçinkaya, Bi̇lge Kara, Mehmet Nuri̇ Arda

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Current clinical guidelines recommend to use both clinical and self-reported measurements for evaluation of chronic neck pain. Among the self-reported outcomes, Neck disability index and patient-specific functional scale are the most widely used and recommended instruments. The purpose of our study was to determine the test-retest reliability and validity of patient-specific functional scale which was not validated in Turkish language previously. Materials and methods: Translation and adaptation process had conducted according to the Beaton et al. Sociodemographic data, Turkish version of patient-specific functional scale and neck disability index were recorded at the initial assessment. Retest assessment was produced for …

Generation Of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From Blood Cell Of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6pd) Deficiency, Malinee Tongbaen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common genetic enzyme disorder that affects more than 400 million people worldwide. Insufficient of G6PD enzyme or defect in enzyme activity can cause acute hemolysis after exposure to oxidative stress. The disease model used for pathogenesis study underlying oxidative damage or drug screening in G6PD deficient patients is still needed. In vitro generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) afford the potential source of the disease model in medical research. This study aimed to generate the iPSCs derived from G6PD deficient-subjects for used as a specific-disease model. The G6PD-derived iPSCs were generated from …

Alkalinizing Agents: A Review Of Prescription, Over-The-Counter, And Medical Food Supplements., Karen L. Stern, Noah Canvasser, Michael Borofsky, Vanessa M. Gleason, Guido Kamphuis, Marawan M. El Tayeb, Ryan Hsi, Kymora B. Scotland

Jefferson Hospital Staff Papers and Presentations

Introduction

Kidney stones affect 1 in every 11 people in the United States each year. There is a significant high recurrence rate without a stone prevention protocol. Alkali citrate is beneficial in decreasing stone recurrence, but due to the cost and gastrointestinal side effects there is a low adherence rate. This study aims to serve as a review of some of the most commonly used alkalizing over‐ the‐ counter supplements that are advertised to prevent and treat kidney stones.

Methods

Data was gathered by a comprehensive online literature search and company inquiries for kidney stone prevention supplements. An additional informal …

Development Of A Rapid And Efficient Protoplast Isolation And Transfection Method For Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum), Ninghui Cheng, Paul A Nakata

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important grain legume worldwide. Recent advances in the sequencing of the chickpea genome has provided a new and valuable resource to aid efforts in gene discovery and crop trait improvement. Technical difficulties in stable chickpea transgenics and the lack of a transient expression system for rapid analysis of gene expression and function; however, has limited the usefulness of this genomic resource. As a step toward alleviating this limitation, we report here the development of a simple and efficient transient gene expression protocol. Using leaves from chickpea seedlings, we have established a …

Classify Multicategory Outcome In Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma Using Clinical, Transcriptomic And Clinico-Transcriptomic Data: Machine Learning Versus Multinomial Models, Fei Deng, Lanlan Shen, He Wang, Lanjing Zhang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Classification of multicategory survival-outcome is important for precision oncology. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been used to accurately classify multi-category survival-outcome of some cancer-types, but not yet that of lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, we compared the performances of 3 ML models (random forests, support vector machine [SVM], multilayer perceptron) and multinomial logistic regression (Mlogit) models for classifying 4-category survival-outcome of lung adenocarcinoma using the TCGA. Mlogit model overall performed similar to SVM and multilayer perceptron models (micro-average area under curve=0.82), while random forests model was inferior. Surprisingly, transcriptomic data alone and clinico-transcriptomic data appeared sufficient to accurately classify the 4-category survival-outcome …

Copper/N-Acetylcysteine Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis, Characterization, And Antimicrobial Activities, Danya Belnour

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

In recent years, there is a growing interest in developing metal based antimicrobial nanomaterials suitable for agricultural and biomedical applications. For centuries, Copper (Cu) biocide has been used for protecting a wide variety of crops from devastating bacterial and fungal diseases. However, prolonged and aggressive use of Cu led to the development of resistance and accumulation in soil. The latter has been linked to aquatic toxicity due to soil Cu leaching. Furthermore, copper build up in soil causes phytotoxicity and reduces uptake of micronutrient Zn through the root system. In biomedical field, Cu has been historically used as an antimicrobial …

Mobile Health Technologies May Be Acceptable Tools For Providing Social Support To Tuberculosis Patients In Rural Uganda: A Parallel Mixed-Method Study, Angella Musiimenta, Wilson Tumuhimbise, Esther Atukunda, Aaron T. Mugaba, Conrad Muzoora, Mari Armstrong-Hough, David Bangsberg, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background. Social support has been shown to mitigate social barriers to medication adherence and improve tuberculosis (TB) treatment success rates. The use of mobile technology to activate social support systems among TB patients, however, has not been well explored. Moreover, studies that tie supportive SMS (Short Message Service) texts to electronic monitoring of TB medication adherence are lacking.

Objective. To explore TB patients’ current access to social support and perceptions of utilizing real-time adherence monitoring interventions to support medication adherence. Methods. We purposively selected TB patients who owned phones, had been taking TB medications for ≥1 month, were receiving their …

The Antiviral Activity Of Lichen Metabolites Against Dengue Virus, Naphat Loeanurit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Dengue fever is one of the mosquito-borne infectious diseases globally. Currently, no specific treatment was established. Depsidones and depsides are one of the most common lichen secondary metabolites produced for the organism’s survival in extreme environments. These compounds have been reported as antivirals against the other virus in Flaviviridae family, hepatitis C virus. In this study, depsidones and depsides were explored for anti-dengue efficacy and cellular toxicity. One depsidone, VK-0014, and two depsides, TT-031 and TT-032, exhibited an anti-DENV2 with effective concentration (EC50) of 17.42 ± 3.21, 2.43 ± 0.19, and 0.91 ± 0.15 µM, respectively. Cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) in …

Crushing The Curve, The Role Of National And International Institutions And Policy Makersin Covid-19 Pandemic, Zeli̇ha Koçak Tufan, Bi̇rcan Kayaaslan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Nobody can be fully prepared to a pandemic. Of course there are signs of it, the scientists can predict, alarming speeches can be made. But there are always alarmist people around, maybe that is why sometimes even the most serious warnings may be not considered by the authorities on time. The first patients may be lost without a proper diagnosis. When everybody realizes that there may be a big problem in the horizon, sometimes it is too late. That is why it is very important to monitor contagious diseases and follow the warnings and releases of national and international disease …

Protective Measures For Covid-19 For Healthcare Providers And Laboratory Personnel, Canan Ağalar, Derya Öztürk Engi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

In the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects the whole world, healthcare professionals (HCP) are at high risk of transmission due to their direct contact with patients with COVID-19. Therefore, how to ensure the triage of the patient with acute respiratory symptoms should be determined in advance, the contact distance should be arranged to be at least 2 m, COVID-19 suspect or diagnosed patient should be instructed to wear a surgical mask. During the care of these patients, HCP should wear their personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the procedure and should not neglect hand hygiene. The samples of the patient …

Familial Mediterranean Fever, From Pathogenesis To Treatment: A Contemporary Review, Abdurrahman Tufan, Helen Lachmann

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (OMIM #249100) is the most common hereditary autoinflammatory disease in the world. FMF is caused by gain of function mutations of MEFV gene which encodes an immune regulatory protein, pyrin. Over the last few years, we have witnessed several new developments in the pathogenesis, genetic testing, diagnosis, comorbidities, disease related damage and treatment approaches to FMF. Elucidation of some of the pathogenic mechanisms has led to the discovery of pathways involved in inflammatory, metabolic, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases. The use of next generation sequencing in FMF has revealed many new gene variants whose clinical significance may …

Monitoring Pathological Gene Expression And Studying Endogenous Epigenetic Architecture By Crispr/Cas9-Based Tool Development Using Alpha-Synuclein As A Model, Levi Adams

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Until recently, complete understanding of the endogenous activity of pathologically relevant genes was out of reach and research was confined to in situ work, plasmid-based constructs and artificial model systems. The development and expansion of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique has enabled us to explore the molecular underpinnings of gene activation using the cell's own endogenous regulatory environment. In this work, we report on the development of a novel tool to monitor the endogenous activity of a causative gene in Parkinson's disease, a-synuclein. We use CRISPR/Cas9 to insert a highly sensitive engineered luciferase at the C-terminal of a-synuclein and assessed …

Validity And Reliability Study Of The Turkish Version Of The Self-Efficacy For Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale, Kübra İnci̇rkuş, Nursen Nahci̇van

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The measurement of self-efficacy is an important step toward improving chronic disease management, enhancing adherence to treatment, and assessing patients with chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of theSelf-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale. Materials and methods: In this methodological study, the sample consisted of 211 patients receiving chronic disease care in 2 family health centers in İstanbul, Turkey. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, concurrent validity, Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlation, and test-retest reliability.Results: Most of the sample were women (72%), …

The Influence Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Fcgriib -/- Lupus Mice, Kanyarat Udompornpitak

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) through polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the major components of particulate matter at 2.5 micron (PM2.5) in the polluted air, might aggravate inflammation and lupus activity. Hence, 1,4-chrysenequinone (1,4-CQ), a substance in the PAHs group, was tested in a lupus model from FcgRIIb deficiency (FcgRIIb-/-) using macrophages and mice. Although the activation by 1,4-CQ alone was unable to induce inflammation, the pre-conditioning by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a representative inflammatory-activator, before 1,4-CQ (LPS/1,4-CQ) induced more predominant inflammation in macrophages when compared with LPS or 1,4-CQ activation alone as determined by supernatant cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10). …

Molecular Detection Of Viable Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex In Clinical Specimens, Suthidee Petsong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Tuberculosis (TB) is the global health concern because of the rising incidence and mortality. TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and transmitted via inhalation of infectious droplet nuclei circulating in the air. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of Acid-fast (AFB) smear microscopy, MTBC culture, and molecular detection of MTBC DNA for diagnosis of TB. The response to treatment should be acquired as soon as possible to reduce disease transmission and drug resistance. Although MTBC culture is a gold standard, it is laborious, expensive, and may take up to 8 weeks. The AFB staining and molecular …

Predictive Factors For Identifying Macrolide Responder In Treating Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Kachorn Seresirikachorn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: A low-dose macrolide (LDM) has antineutrophilic activity, so they should not work for eosinophilic inflammation. Clinical predictors are required to select favorable patients for LDM therapy appropriately. This study aims to assess individual predictive factors and propose suitable multiple predictive factors for identifying a macrolide responder in treating CRS. Methodology: Prospective cohort study was done in adult CRS patients. Clinical data collection, Lund-Mackay CT score, visual analog scale (VAS), and sino-nasal outcome test 22 (SNOT-22) were assessed. Patients received 150 mg of roxithromycin once daily plus saline irrigation for 12 weeks. VAS was evaluated at every visit. If the …

การศึกษาย้อนหลังหาความชุกและลักษณะของผู้ป่วยกล้ามเนื้อหัวใจขาดเลือดเฉียบพลันชนิดที่ไม่มีการยกของเอสทีเซกเมนต์ ที่ไม่มีการอุดตันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญของเส้นเลือดหัวใจ, สุชัจจ์ ศรีชลวัฒนา

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ที่มา : จากการศึกษาในอดีตพบว่ามีผู้ป่วยโรคกล้ามเนื้อหัวใจขาดเลือดเฉียบพลันชนิดที่ไม่มีการยกของเอสทีเซกเมนต์จำนวนร้อยละ 8-12 เมื่อไปฉีดสีตรวจเส้นเลือดหัวใจพบว่าไม่มีการอุดตันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ แต่อย่างไรก็ตามความชุกของผู้ป่วยกลุ่มนี้ในประเทศไทย ยังไม่เป็นที่ทราบแน่ชัด วิธีการศึกษา : เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลย้อนหลังจากผู้ป่วยโรคกล้ามเนื้อหัวใจขาดเลือดเฉียบพลันชนิดที่ไม่มีการยกของเอสทีเซกเมนต์และได้รับการฉีดสีตรวจเส้นเลือดหัวใจ ที่รับไว้ในโรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์ โดยเก็บข้อมูลย้อนหลังตั้งแต่วันที่ 1 มกราคม 2561 ถึง 31 ตุลาคม 2563 โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์หลักคือ หาความชุกของผู้ป่วยกล้ามเนื้อหัวใจขาดเลือดเฉียบพลันชนิดที่ไม่มีการยกของเอสทีเซกเมนต์ ที่ไม่มีการอุดตันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญของเส้นเลือดหัวใจ และวัตถุประสงค์รองคือ หาปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับการที่ไม่พบการอุดตันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ ผลการศึกษา : จากการศึกษารวบรวมผู้ป่วยทั้งหมด 522 ราย มีผู้ป่วยจำนวน 74 ราย คิดเป็นร้อยละ 14.2 ที่พบว่า ไม่มีการอุดตันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญของเส้นเลือดหัวใจ และพบว่ามีหลายปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการที่ไม่มีการอุดตันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญของเส้นเลือดหัวใจในผู้ป่วยกล้ามเนื้อหัวใจขาดเลือดเฉียบพลันชนิดที่ไม่มีการยกของเอสทีเซกเมนต์ ได้แก่ การตรวจไม่พบการบีบตัวที่ผิดปกติของกล้ามเนื้อหัวใจจากการตรวจด้วยคลื่นเสียงสะท้อนความถี่สูง การตรวจไม่พบการเปลี่ยนแปลงของเอสทีเซกเมนต์จากการตรวจคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจ เพศหญิง และการไม่มีประวัติเป็นโรคไขมันในเลือดสูง โดยจากการวิเคราะห์พหุตัวแปร ทำให้สามารถกำหนดเครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการทำนายลักษณะของเส้นเลือดหัวใจที่ไม่พบการอุดตันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญได้ สรุปผล : ความชุกของผู้ป่วยกล้ามเนื้อหัวใจขาดเลือดเฉียบพลันชนิดที่ไม่มีการยกของเอสทีเซกเมนต์ ที่ไม่มีการอุดตันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญของเส้นเลือดหัวใจ คือร้อยละ 14.2 โดยปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับการที่ไม่มีการอุดตันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญของเส้นเลือดหัวใจ คือ การตรวจไม่พบการบีบตัวที่ผิดปกติของกล้ามเนื้อหัวใจจากการตรวจด้วยคลื่นเสียงสะท้อนความถี่สูง การตรวจไม่พบการเปลี่ยนแปลงของเอสทีเซกเมนต์จากการตรวจคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจ เพศหญิง และการไม่มีประวัติเป็นโรคไขมันในเลือดสูง

Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins Lowering Effect Of Sevelamer In Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Hyperphosphatemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Kullaya Takkavatakarn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: P-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate are strongly associated with cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study was conducted to compare the effects between sevelamer and calcium carbonate on protein-bound uremic toxins in pre-dialysis CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia. Methods: After 2 weeks of the run-in period, 40 pre-dialysis CKD patients with persistent hyperphosphatemia were randomly assigned to receive either daily 2,400 mg of sevelamer or 1,500 mg of calcium carbonate for 24 weeks. Serum p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), lipid profiles, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were evaluated. The primary …

Mechanisms Of Value-Biased Prioritization In Fast Sensorimotor Decision Making, Kivilcim Afacan-Seref

Dissertations and Theses

In dynamic environments, split-second sensorimotor decisions must be prioritized according to potential payoffs to maximize overall rewards. The impact of relative value on deliberative perceptual judgments has been examined extensively, but relatively little is known about value-biasing mechanisms in the common situation where physical evidence is strong but the time to act is severely limited. This research examines the behavioral and electrophysiological indices of how value biases split-second perceptual decisions and the possible mechanisms underlying the process. In prominent decision models, a noisy but statistically stationary representation of sensory evidence is integrated over time to an action-triggering bound, and value-biases …

Brain Development: Why The Young Sleep Longer, Budhaditya Chowdhury, Orie T. Shafer

Advanced Science Research Center

From absorbing new languages to mastering musical instruments, young children are wired to learn in ways that adults are not (Johnson and Newport, 1989). This ability coincides with periods of intense brain plasticity during which neurons can easily remodel their connections (Hubel and Wiesel, 1970). Many children are also scandalously good sleepers, typically getting several more hours of sleep per night than their parents (Jenni and Carskadon, 2007). As sleep deprivation has negative effects on learning and memory, learning like a child likely requires sleeping like one (Diekelmann and Born, 2010). Yet, how the ability to sleep for longer is …

Abnormalities In The Akt-Mtor Signaling Pathway In The Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex In Schizophrenia, Radhika Chadha

All ETDs from UAB

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex and heterogeneous mental illness in which myriad changes across multiple neurotransmitter systems (dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, and others) have been reported. Numerous regulatory mechanisms have been explored in SZ research and rather than being a disorder of one specific neurotransmitter pathway, SZ may instead be a disturbance of intracellular signaling processes that underlie the regulation of these systems. The AKT-mTOR signaling cascade plays an important role in core cellular processes of cell growth, metabolism and survival and is one such potential candidate. Abnormalities in AKT expression and activity have been consistently implicated in SZ pathophysiology …

Synergistic Activities Of Antibiotic Combinations Against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae And Mechanisms Of Carbapenem Resistance In Klebsiella Pneumoniae Clinical Isolates., Netchanok Muhummudaree

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has been increasing reported worldwide. The aims of this study were to investigate the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae Thai isolates and study the synergistic activities of antibiotic combinations against CRKP isolates. Two-hundred and forty CRKP clinical isolates were obtained from patients at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between September 2016 and April 2020. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined by agar dilution to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin and by broth microdilution to colistin. The prevalence rates of resistance to imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, amikacin, and colistin were 90.42%, 91.67%, 95.84%, 41.25%, 20%, and …

Application Of Phage Display Technology For The Production Of Antibodies Againststreptococcus Suis Serotype 2, Pattarawadee Sulong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) serotype 2 infection is problematic in the swine industry and responsible for most cases of human infection worldwide. Since current multiplex PCR cannot differentiate between serotypes 2 and 1/2, then serotype-specific antibodies (Abs) are required for serotype identification to confirm S. suis serotype 2 infection. This study aimed to generate Abs specific to S. suis serotype 2 by phage display from a human heavy chain variable domain (VH) antibody library. For biopanning, whole cells of S. suis serotype 2 were used as the target antigen. With increasing selection stringency, we could select the VH Abs that …