Digital Commons Network^™

Microbiome For Mars: Surveying Microbiome Connections To Healthcare With Implications For Long-Duration Human Spaceflight, Virtual Workshop, July 13, 2020, Michael Lapelusa, Dorit Donoviel, Sergio E Branzini, Paul E Carlson, Stephanie Culler, Amrita K Cheema, Rima Kaddurah-Daouk, Denise Kelly, Isabelle De Cremoux, Rob Knight, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown, Stephen L Mayo, Sarkis K Mazmanian, Emeran A Mayer, Joseph F Petrosino, Keith Garrison

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The inaugural "Microbiome for Mars" virtual workshop took place on July 13, 2020. This event assembled leaders in microbiome research and development to discuss their work and how it may relate to long-duration human space travel. The conference focused on surveying current microbiome research, future endeavors, and how this growing field could broadly impact human health and space exploration. This report summarizes each speaker's presentation in the order presented at the workshop.

Highlights From Studies Presented At The American Heart Association Scientific Session 2020: Navigating New Roads In Prevention, Aliza Hussain, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Dhruv Mahtta, Jing Liu, Vardhmaan Jain, Salim S Virani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: This review highlights late-breaking science presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Session 2020 that demonstrated advancements in preventative cardiology and introduced novel treatment approaches for the management of chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and/or heart failure.

RECENT FINDINGS: The studies reviewed include clinical trials that assessed the use of omecamtiv in the treatment of heart failure with reduced heart failure (GALACTIC-HF); effects of sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and recent heart failure exacerbation; cardiovascular outcomes with the use of omega-3 carboxylic acids in patients with high vascular risk and atherogenic dyslipidemia (STRENGTH) and omega-3 …

Plasmid-Based Reverse Genetics For Probing Phosphorylation-Dependent Viroplasm Formation In Rotaviruses, Jeanette M Criglar, Sue E Crawford, Mary K Estes

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Rotavirus (RV) replication occurs in cytoplasmic compartments, known as viroplasms, that are composed of viral and cellular proteins. Viroplasm formation requires RV nonstructural proteins NSP2 and NSP5 and cellular lipid droplets (LDs); however, the mechanisms required for viroplasm assembly remain largely unknown. We previously identified two conformationally-distinct forms of NSP2 (dNSP2, vNSP2) found in RV-infected cells that interact differentially with hypo- and hyperphosphorylated NSP5, respectively, and indicate a coordinated phosphorylation-dependent mechanism regulating viroplasm assembly. We also reported that phosphorylation of dNSP2 on serine 313 by the cellular kinase CK1α triggers the localization of vNSP2 to sites of viroplasm assembly and …

Developing A Targeted Ultrasound-Responsive Nanobubble-Based Gene Delivery System For Osteoporosis Treatment, Angela Shar

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The overall goal of this project was to develop, optimize, and test an ultrasound-responsive targeted nanobubble for delivering osteoporosis-related silencing genes such as Cathepsin K small interfering RNA (CTSK siRNA) for osteoporosis treatment. The nanobubbles were synthesized using an in situ sonochemical method. The nanobubble (NB) is composed of a gas core made from perfluorocarbon, stabilized with albumin, encapsulated with CTSK siRNA, and embedded with alendronate (AL) for bone targeting (CTSK siRNA-NB-AL). Following its development, the responsiveness of CTSK siRNA-NB-AL to a therapeutic ultrasound probe was examined. The results of biocompatibility tests with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells proved …

The Necessity Of Treating Asymptomatic Bacteriuria With Antibiotics In The Perioperativeperiod Of Joint Arthroplasty: A Metaanalysis., Sayed Abdulla Jami, Jian Dang Shi, Zhanwen Zhou, Chang Hao Liu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Oral antibiotics are usually used to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria during the perioperative period of joint replacement. However, there is no unified conclusion as to whether asymptomatic bacteriuria causes infection around joint prostheses, and the efficacy of antibiotics is unknown. Materials and methods: We systematically searched PubMed, CNKI, Ovid, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, manual research, and references of relevant articles up to January 1, 2020, to identify and compare observational studies. The Cochrane systematic review method was used, and Review Manager 5.3 software was used for analysis. Results: Nine articles were included in the analysis, involving 29,844 cases of joint arthroplasty …

Pain During Walking And Ascending Stairs Before Hyaluronic Acid Injection Was Commonin Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Qualitative Study, Ömer Özkan, Nai̇la Babayeva, Şeri̇fe Şeyma Torğutalp, Ömer Serkan Kara, Gürhan Dönmez, Feza Korkusuz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common pathology characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage. The aim of the research was to ask patients how they decided to make the injection, what treatments they received, their complaints prior to and after the injection and how they feel at the moment, and whether they are currently exercising or not. Thus, to demonstrate the patients' outcomes with their own expression. Materials and methods: A total of 92 knee OA patients completed semistructured interviews, which included six open-ended questions. Results: A total of 92 patients (66 female, 26 male) aged between 36 and …

Epidemiology Of Covid-19: What Changed In One Year?, Cemal Bulut, Yasuyuki̇ Kato

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

A coronavirus brought the first pandemic attack of this century as a flu virus did a hundred years ago. This greatest pandemic of the century brings us new opportunities to understand and explore the dynamics of a contagious disease. Nearly two years later, we are still collecting the evidence to understand the disease. Some basic epidemiological properties are still urgently needed. Not only the origin of the virus but also Ro value, possible transmission routes, epidemiologic curves, case fatality rates, seasonality, severity and mortality risk factor, effects on the risk groups, differences between countries and so on still require strong …

Consensus Recommendations For Botulinum Toxin Injections In The Spasticitymanagement Of Children With Cerebral Palsy During Covid-19 Outbreak, Ebru Yilmaz Yalçinkaya, Nai̇me Evri̇m Karadağ Saygi, Özden Özyemi̇şci̇ Taşkiran, Nalan Çapan, Şehi̇m Kutlay, Bi̇rkan Sonel Tur, Özlem El, Ece Ünlü Akyüz, Süda Teki̇n, Demet Ofluoğlu, Murat Zi̇nnuroğlu, Pinar Akpinar, Tuğçe Özekli̇ Misirlioğlu, Berri̇n Hüner, Ahmet Hakan Nur

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Spasticity is the most common motor disturbance in cerebral palsy (CP). Lockdown in the COVID-19 outbreak has profoundly changed daily routines, and similarly caused the suspension of spasticity treatment plans. Besides, the delay in botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection, which is important in the management of focal spasticity, led to some problems in children. This consensus report includes BoNT injection recommendations in the management of spasticity during the COVID-19 pandemic in children with CP. In order to develop the consensus report, physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) specialists experienced in the field of pediatric rehabilitation and BoNT injections were invited by Pediatric …

Reliability And Validity Of The National Institutes Of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptomindex Questionnaire In The Turkish Population, Alper Coşkun, Utku Can, Fati̇h Tarhan, Övünç Kavukoğlu, Kami̇l Fehmi̇ Narter

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To develop the first Turkish version of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIHCPSI) questionnaire and to investigate its validity and reliability in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/ CPPS) and healthy controls. Material and methods: A total of 204 patients, 116 CP/CPPS and a control group which consisted of 88 healthy individuals were included in this prospective study. The NIH-CPSI form was first translated into Turkish and later on back into English. Using the Turkish version of the NIH CPSI, 40 patients completed the same questionnaires twice at 2-week intervals for test-retest concordance. …

Which Scoring System Is Better In Association With Exercise Capacity And Health Status Innoncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Patients?, Yelda Varol, Hülya Doğan Şahi̇n, Ni̇met Aksel, Ali̇ Kadri̇ Çirak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Two different scoring systems were developed to determine the severity of bronchiectasis: FACED scoring and the bronchiectasis severity index (BSI). In this study, we aim to compare these 2 scoring systems according to the 6-min walking distance test and a disease-specific health status questionnaire in patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB). Materials and methods: Smoking history, emergency and hospital admissions, and body mass index were obtained from NCFB patients admitted to our hospitals' pulmonary rehabilitation unit between 2013 and 2018. Detailed pulmonary function tests were performed for all participants. Dyspnea perceptions were determined according to the mMRC dyspnea scale. …

Reliability And Validity Of The Turkish Version Of The Vestibular Rehabilitation Benefitquestionnaire, Bülent Gündüz, Yasemi̇n Apaydin, Arzu Güçlü Gündüz, Burak Kabi̇ş, Hakan Tutar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aims: Vestibular rehabilitation has an important role in the reduction of symptoms and in the recovery of patients in peripheral vestibular pathologies. Objective and subjective vestibular assessment tools are needed to assess vestibular rehabilitation effectiveness. The aims of the study were to develop the Turkish version of the internationally used Vestibular Rehabilitation Benefit Questionnaire (VRBQ) measure and to demonstrate the reliability and validity properties of the Turkish version in patients with peripheral vestibular hypofunction (PVH). Materials and methods: 110 patients with unilateral PVH were included. For the analysis of test-retest reliability, Turkish version of VRBQ developed by translation-back translation method …

Maternal Hpa Axis Function During Parenting Is Associated With Reduced Brain Activation To Infant Cry And More Intrusive Parenting Behavior, Andrew Erhart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Previous research indicated that maternal cortisol function and maternal brain response to infant stimuli are separately related to differences in parenting behavior. Evidence from animal models have demonstrated that chronically high cortisol concentration alters brain structure and function, suggesting that studying these two mechanisms together may further improve understanding of parental behavior in human mothers. First time mothers of infants aged 1-7 months old (M age = 3 months) were recruited to participate. Mother’s cortisol concentration was measured during a naturalistic interaction with their infant and their behavior was coded for maternal sensitivity and nonintrusiveness. In a separate session using …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Minority Disparities In Sexual And Reproductive Health Care In New York State, Elise Andaya, Rajani Bhatia

Understanding and eliminating minority health disparities in a 21st-century pandemic: A White Paper Collection

This report presents the findings from a qualitative study of the impact of COVID-19 on the provision of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care to minority groups in New York State from March to October 2020. Drawing on interview material with frontline SRH providers and advocates, we illustrate the deepening inequalities in access to, and quality of, SRH care during the first surge of the pandemic, as well as their implications for future policy and practice. Key findings include: 1) Negative birthing conditions experienced disproportionately by women most vulnerable to poor maternal and birth outcomes; 2) delays and avoidance of …

Effects Of Topical Mitomycin-C On The Tracheal Epithelia Of Rabbits Followingtracheostomy, Sani̇ye Gökni̇l Çalik, Mustafa Çalik, Zümrüt Ela Arslan Kaşdoğan, Mustafa Ci̇hat Avunduk, Hidir Esme, Olgun Kadi̇r Aribaş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: We aimed to investigate the topical application of mitomycin-C (MMC) after the conventional tracheostomy in a rabbit model. Materials and methods: Twenty-four male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided among 3 equal groups (n: 8). Tracheostomies were performed on 16 subjects. Group 1 which served as a control for all tracheal measurements. After tracheostomy, we applied sterile saline (group 2) or MMC at 0.8 mg/mL (group 3) around the tracheotomy site for 5 min. At the 3rd week after surgery, all tracheas were subjected to morphometric and histopathological examinations, including tracheal lumen diameter (LD), number of capillary vessels …

The Role Of Ms-818 In Altering Age-Related Characteristics Of An In Vitro Model Of Senescence In Neural Stem Cells, Sandeep Sreerama

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Aging of the brain is the leading risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers and has deleterious effects on brain functions. It follows that attempts to reverse the aging process may be therapeutically valuable. Neural stem cells (NSC) have been shown to play a critical role in maintaining brain functions, and their number is severely decreased with age. The development of senescence-like characteristics and declining functions in NSCs have been proposed to be responsible for brain aging and tumorigenesis. MS-818 is a pyrrolopyrimidine that has been shown to increase the NSC population and reverse the decline of behavioral function …

An Investigation Of The Factors That Influence Functional Improvement In Strokerehabilitation, Onur Altuntaş, Serkan Taş, Alp Çeti̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The purpose of this study was to determine effect of age, sex, affected extremity, disability severity, treatment type, cerebrovascular accident (CVA) etiology, number of treatment sessions, and CVA duration on the functional improvement of the stroke patients who participated in a physical medicine and rehabilitation program. Materials and methods: The research sample consisted of 322 stroke patients. Clinical and demographic features including age, sex, affected extremity, disability severity, treatment type, CVA etiology, number of treatment sessions, and CVA duration were recorded. Functional status was evaluated retrospectively by using the functional independence measure (FIM) at admission and discharge. Results: It …

Nutritional Status In Patients With Neuro-Behçet's Disease, Seyda Erdoğan, Mi̇ne Hayri̇ye Sorgun, Müge Kuzu Kumcu, Mustafa Aykut Kural, Sefer Rzayev, Canan Yücesan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and risk factors for malnutrition in Behçet's disease (BD) and neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) patients. Materials and methods: Medical recordings of 74 patients with BD without neurological involvement (BDWoNI), 72 patients with NBD, and 50 patients with other diseases (carpal tunnel syndrome or lumbar discopathy) were analyzed retrospectively. The serum analyses were performed in the inactive period of disease. Chronic malnutrition was defined as low levels of serum albumin (

Measurement Of Interscalene Space Volume In Diagnosis Of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Acadaver Study, Tevfi̇k Kaplan, Ayhan Cömert, Mehmet Ali̇ Güner, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Açar, Gökçe Kaan Ataç, İbrahi̇m Tekdemi̇r, Serdar Han

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to measure the volume of interscalene space in thoracic outlet region on cadavers and radiological images and to analyze the potential value of these measurements in diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Materials and methods: The dimensions of the anterior interscalene space in 8 formalin-fixed human cadavers were studied by direct measurement and additionally evaluation of the volume of this space were done by using mold and volume calculation formula of square pyramid, due to resembling a pyramid. In the second phase of this study, interscalene space volume was calculated by …

Tendon Of Flexor Carpi Radialis In Carpal Tunnel: A Radiologic And Cadaveric Study, Burcu Erçakmak Güneş, Alper Vatansever, Mehmet Deni̇z Demi̇ryürek, Kadri̇ye Mi̇ne Ergun, Mehmet Hakan Özsoy

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Carpal tunnel is an important anatomical passage that carries the flexor tendons into the hand. As there is still no consensus about its contents among the anatomy textbooks, the main purpose of this study was to identify the relations of the flexor carpi radialis tendon in the carpal tunnel. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was completed in April 2018 at authors' university's hospital. Seventy-four female and 44 male patients' wrists without any pathology were examined by using magnetic resonance images. The series of axial sections where the pisiform exist were evaluated by using T1 sequence and the structures …

The Inhibition Of Src Kinase Suppresses The Production Of Matrix Metalloproteinases Infrom Synovial Fibroblasts And Inhibits Mapk And Stats Pathways, Demet Yalçin Kehri̇bar, Meti̇n Özgen, Servet Yolbaş, Ahmet Yildirim, Neşe Başak Türkmen, Ebru Önalan, Osman Çi̇ftçi̇, İbrahi̇m Hani̇fi̇ Özercan, Süleyman Serdar Koca

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiarthritic potentials of the inhibition of Src kinase in vivo and in vitro settings. Materials and methods: Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of chicken type II collagen combined with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (collagen induced arthritis [CIA] model) in Wistar albino rats. One day after the onset of arthritis, dasatinib, a potent Src kinase inhibitor, (5 mg/kg/day) was given via oral gavage. Tissue Src, Fyn, MAPK and STAT mRNA expressions were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. On the other hand, fibroblast like synoviocytes (FLSs) were harvested patients with rheumatoid …

Effects Of Regular Whey Protein Consumption On Rat Thyroid Functions, Gökhan Akkurt, Bahar Kartal, Mustafa Ali̇moğullari, Sevi̇l Çayli, Ebru Ali̇moğullari

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: We aimed to investigate whether there was a significant difference in TSH, T3, T4 values and histopathologically evaluated thyroid tissues between rats that received ısole hydrolyzed whey protein (IHWP) at different doses regularly and rats fed with only standard feed. Material & methods: Total 24 rats were randomly divided into three groups with 8 rats in each group. First group were fed with standard feed for 12 weeks. Second group were given standard feed + daily 0.3 g/kg IHWP and rats in the third group standard feed + 0.5 g/kg IHWP for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected from …

Reliability And Validity Of The Turkish Version Of Post-Covid-19 Functional Status Scale, Ebru Çalik Kütükcü, Aslihan Çakmak, Esra Kinaci, Oğuz Abdullah Uyaroğlu, Naci̇ye Vardar Yağli, Gülay Sai̇n Güven, Melda Sağlam, Lale Özişik, Nursel Çalik Başaran, Deni̇z İnal İnce

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) has recently been developed for functional outcomes of COVID-19 upon discharge and in long term. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity properties of the Turkish version of the PCFS in Turkish post-COVID-19 patients with hospitalized and nonhospitalized during infection. Materials and methods: One hundred participants with post-COVID-19 were included in this cross-sectional study. Test-retest reliability of the Turkish version of PCFS assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha was calculated for internal consistency. For construct validity, correlation coefficients between the Turkish version of PCFS developed by …

Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, And Validity Of The Turkish Version Of The Obesityspecific Quality Of Life Questionnaire: Quality Of Life, Obesity, And Dietetics (Qolod)Rating Scale, Ni̇metcan Mehmet Yağma, Egemen Ünal, Mehmet Enes Gökler, Sali̇h Mollahali̇loğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Obesity is one of the main public health issues in many countries including Turkey. The aim of the study is to test cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of QOLOD rating scale in the Turkish language. Materials and methods: This methodological study was conducted among the overweight and obesity people between February-March, 2018 in Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital. The data was collected through self-report and face to face interviews. The QOLOD rating scale has 36 items, a 5-point Likert scale (1-5) is used for each question. Results: In the study, of the 180 participants, 101 (56.1%) were female, …

The Contribution Of Neurocognitive Situation, Physical Capacity And Daily Life Activities Toquality Of Life In Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors, Eli̇f Keleş Gülnerman, Yağmur Çam, Bülent Elbasan, Şebnem Soysal, Zühre Kaya, İdi̇l Yeni̇cesu, Ülker Koçak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: There are no extensive studies on the QL in children who completed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment and currently living without any disease in Turkey. Our study aimed to analyze both the QL and the effects of physical, neurocognitive capacities on QL in childhood ALL survivors aged 7-12 years at the time of recruitment. Materials and methods: PedsQL cancer module 3.0 child and proxy report, for ages 5-7 and 8-12 years, WeeFIM scale, BOTMP Short Form, RPM, reading, writing, and mathematics assessment tools, sociodemographic information form were carried out to the children and their family. Results: There was no …

New Insights On The Role Of The Mesenchymal-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Axis In Autologous And Allogeneic Hematopoiesis., Tatiana D. Zorina

College of Health Professions Faculty Papers

Cytoreductive protocols are integral both as conditioning regimens for bone marrow (BM) transplantation and as part of therapies for malignancies, but their associated comorbidities represent a long-standing clinical problem. In particular, they cause myeloablation that debilitates the physiological role of mesenchymal stem and precursor cells (MSPCs) in sustaining hematopoiesis. This review addresses the damaging impact of cytoreductive regimens on MSPCs. In addition, it discusses prospects for alleviating the resulting iatrogenic comorbidities. New insights into the structural and functional dynamics of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches reveal the existence of "empty" niches and the ability of the donor-derived healthy HSCs to …

Tau-Sh3 Interactions And Alzheimer's Disease, Jonathan Roth

All ETDs from UAB

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, and its impact will increase with an aging population. It is characterized by dementia associated with accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau tangles, and neurodegeneration. Additionally, network hyperexcitability occurs early in AD and likely contributes to disease pathogenesis. Current therapies provide minor delay of disease progression at best, so it is imperative to develop novel therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat AD. As Tau pathology correlates better with cognitive function than Aβ pathology and Tau reduction prevents Aβ-induced dysfunction in preclinical models, targeting Tau is a growing …

The Hocl Response Of Escherichia Coli., Rhea Marie Derke

All ETDs from UAB

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), like Chron’s disease and ulcerative colitis, affect millions of people worldwide. There are limited treatment options available for these diseases because their direct causes are unknown. IBDs are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and changes in the composition of the gut microbiome. Enterobacteria, including Escherichia coli, bloom to high levels in the gut during inflammation and contribute to the pathology of IBDs. E. coli must tolerate high levels of antimicrobial compounds produced by the immune system to survive during persistent inflammation. A large proportion of such compounds are reactive oxygen and reactive chlorine …

The Role Of Cd38 In Anti-Tumor Immunity And Tumor Immune Evasion, Panpan Yuan

All ETDs from UAB

CD38 is a multifunctional protein that is expressed in many immune cells, modulating NAD metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent studies suggest that CD38 is also implicated in tumor immunosuppression. However, the role of CD38 in anti-tumor immunity and tumor immune evasion, and mechanisms involved, are still unclear. We hypothesized that CD38 expression by immune cells constricts T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses and promotes tumor cell immune evasion. We investigated whether mice lacking CD38 (CD38-/-) had impaired tumor growth in subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous syngeneic tumor models. CD38-/- mice showed no difference in subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumor growth and pulmonary …

Anti-Map Triple Therapy Supports Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Response In Crohn's Disease Through Downregulation Of Nf-Kb Activation In The Absence Of Map Detection, Erij Elkamel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The triple antibiotic formulation, known as anti-MAP therapy, exhibits unique synergistic antimicrobial activity and should be effective for treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) associated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). The absence of MAP detection in some CD cases may be linked to poor diagnostics or lack of association with the disease. To understand the therapeutic response of some CD patients to anti-MAP therapy in absence of MAP detection, the immunomodulatory potency of anti-MAP therapy and its major ingredients, clarithromycin (CLA) and rifabutin (RIF), in THP-1, Caco-2, and Jurkat T-cells were investigated. Anti-MAP formulation at 2.0 µg/mL decreased MAP viability …

Reassessing The Transcriptional Regulation Of Protective Cd4 T Cell Responses Against Influenza A Virus, Kunal Dhume

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

An attractive strategy to improve efficacy of current Influenza A Virus (IAV) vaccines is to promote protective CD4 T cell responses. Antiviral CD4 T cell responses are predominantly classified as strong IFN-gamma producing T helper type 1 (Th1) cells. Yet, the role of IFN-gamma in protection against IAV is still unclear, suggesting absolute Th1 polarization may be expendable for effective IAV immunity. Here we test this hypothesis using models that restrict the deficiency of known transcriptional regulators of Th1 immunity in only CD4 T cells, avoiding indirect impact on other immune cell responses. We find the 'master regulator' of Th1 …