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Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Refusal And Abandonmentof Treatment In The Southeast Of Iran, Majid Naderi, Samira Esmaeili Reykande, Shadi Tabibian, Shaban Alizadeh, Akbar Dorgalaleh, Morteza Shamsizadeh

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for 25% of all malignancies in children. ALL treatment has standard protocols, and treatment abandonment is a main cause of treatment failure. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between socioeconomic status and rate as well as cause of abandoned treatment in children with ALL in the southeast of Iran. Materials and methods: This retrospective, descriptive cohort study was conducted with ALL patients at the Ali Asghar Hospital in the city of Zahedan. The study population included 22 children with different subtypes of ALL who had abandoned their treatment. A structural questionnaire was …

Impact Of Different Anesthetic Managements In Outcomes Of Transcatheteraortic Valve Implantation: The First Turkish Experience, Elvi̇n Kesi̇mci̇, Ezgi̇ Erkiliç, Tüli̇n Gümüş, Orhan Kanbak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a new therapy in aortic stenosis patients with high operative risk. Advances in experiences have shifted the choice of anesthesia from general to local anesthesia and sedation for these patients. We compared our anesthetic experiences in our institute in a period of 2.5 years. Materials and methods: A total of 151 (86 females, 65 males, mean age 76 years) symptomatic aortic stenosis patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI under general anesthesia (GA) (n = 79) and local anesthesia and sedation (LAS) (n = 72) were evaluated retrospectively in regards to anesthetic issues. Results: …

Adiposity Predicts Pulse Pressure In Subjects With Chronic Kidney Disease: Data From The Modification Of Diet In Renal Disease, Preeya T. Shah Phd, Rebecca Martin, Juan R. Sanabria, Zeid Khitan Md, Prasanna Santhanam, Komal Sodhi, Nader G. Abraham, Joseph I. Shapiro Md

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Obesity is a known risk factor for hypertension, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are still unclear. As the body mass index (BMI) is frequently used to define obesity, but the BMI does not distinguish between adipose and other tissues, we sought to develop another index of obesity. We decided to look at the ratio of BMI to urinary creatinine excretion as the latter measurement is believed to be an index of muscle mass. We used data from the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) study as urinary creatinine collections and blood pressure measurements were readily available in …

Estimating Relationships Between Phenotypes And Subjects Drawn From Admixed Families., Elizabeth M. Blue, Lisa A. Brown, Matthew P. Conomos, Jennifer L. Kirk, Alejandro Q. Nato Jr., Alice B. Popejoy, Jesse Raffa, John Ranola, Ellen M. Wijsman, Timothy Thornton

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Background: Estimating relationships among subjects in a sample, within family structures or caused by population substructure, is complicated in admixed populations. Inaccurate allele frequencies can bias both kinship estimates and tests for association between subjects and a phenotype. We analyzed the simulated and real family data from Genetic Analysis Workshop 19, and were aware of the simulation model.

Results: We found that kinship estimation is more accurate when marker data include common variants whose frequencies are less variable across populations. Estimates of heritability and association vary with age for longitudinally measured traits. Accounting for local ancestry identified different true associations …

Medial Prefrontal And Anterior Insular Connectivity In Early Schizophrenia And Major Depressive Disorder: A Resting Functional Mri Evaluation Of Large-Scale Brain Network Models., Jacob Penner, Kristen A Ford, Reggie Taylor, Betsy Schaefer, Jean Théberge, Richard W J Neufeld, Elizabeth A Osuch, Ravi S Menon, Nagalingam Rajakumar, John M Allman, Peter C Williamson

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Anomalies in the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insulae, and large-scale brain networks associated with them have been proposed to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we examined the connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortices and anterior insulae in 24 healthy controls, 24 patients with schizophrenia, and 24 patients with MDD early in illness with seed-based resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis using Statistical Probability Mapping. As hypothesized, reduced connectivity was found between the medial prefrontal cortex and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and other nodes associated with directed effort in patients with …

The Semantic Memory Imaging In Late Life Pilot Study, Michael Adam Sugarman

Wayne State University Dissertations

Introduction: Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have analyzed the famous name discrimination task (FNDT), an uncontrolled semantic memory probe requiring discrimination between famous and unfamiliar individuals. Completion of this simple task recruits a semantic memory network that has shown utility in determining risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specific semantic memory probes using biographical information associated with famous individuals may build on previous findings and yield superior information regarding risk for AD.

Method: Sixteen cognitively intact elders completed the FNDT and two novel tasks during fMRI: Categories (matching famous individuals to occupational categories) and Attributes (matching famous individuals to …

An Analysis Of Virtual Place Learning/Navigation In Children And Young Adults Prenatally Exposed To Alcohol, Neil Christopher Dodge

Wayne State University Dissertations

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder refers to the spectrum of disorders resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure and is the leading cause of preventable mental retardation. Rodent studies have found that prenatal alcohol exposure impairs performance on the Morris water maze. This task requires the rodent to use distal room cues to locate a hidden platform in a pool of opaque water. Successful performance on this task is dependent upon hippocampal function. Rodents prenatally exposed to alcohol are impaired on the Morris water maze and show damage to hippocampal neurons. A human analogue of the Morris water maze, the virtual water maze …

Childhood Trauma And Emotion Processing Neurocircuitry, Hilary A. Marusak

Wayne State University Dissertations

Childhood trauma is one of the strongest risk factors for a range of common and debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These emotion-related disorders have their roots in childhood and adolescence, underscoring a critical need to understand their biological bases in early life. In this dissertation, we evaluate how childhood trauma impacts emotion processing neurocircuitry in a sample of high-risk urban youth, ages 7-15. In four inter-related studies, we test neural function and functional connectivity of core emotion processing regions, including the amygdala, insula, and pregenual/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC/sgACC). To examine the relevance of …

Identification Of Metabolite Biomarkers In Epilepsy Using 1h Mrs, Helen Wu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder that affects 1% percent of the global population. Despite its status as one of the oldest neurological disorders known to man, its mechanisms remain poorly understood. Available medications are not curative but provide symptomatic management and do not work for well for more than 30 percent of patients. Because it is nearly impossible to predict on an individual level who will eventually develop epilepsy, it is also a disorder that can only be diagnosed after the patient has experienced established seizure activity, eliminating any possibility of stopping the disorder in its prodromal phase, before …

A Urinary Metabolic Signature For Multiple Sclerosis And Neuromyelitis Optica, Teklab Gebregiworgis, Helle H. Nielsen, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Jay Reddy, Zsolt Illes, Robert Powers

Jay Reddy Publications

Urine is a metabolite-rich biofluid that reflects the body’s effort to maintain chemical and osmotic homeostasis. Clinical diagnosis routinely relies on urine samples because the collection process is easy and noninvasive. Despite these advantages, urine is an under-investigated source of biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) has become a common approach for analyzing urinary metabolites for disease diagnosis and biomarker discovery. For illustration of the potential of urinary metabolites for diagnosing and treating MS patients, and for differentiating between MS and other illnesses, 38 urine samples were collected from healthy controls, MS patients, and neuromyelitis optica-spectrum …

Metataxonomic And Metagenomic Approaches Vs. Culture-Based Techniques For Clinical Pathology., Sarah K. Hilton, Eduardo Castro-Nallar, Marcos Pérez-Losada, Ian Toma, Timothy A. Mccaffrey, Eric P. Hoffman, Marc O. Siegel, Gary L. Simon, W. Evan Johnson, Keith Crandall

Genomics and Precision Medicine Faculty Publications

Diagnoses that are both timely and accurate are critically important for patients with life-threatening or drug resistant infections. Technological improvements in High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) have led to its use in pathogen detection and its application in clinical diagnoses of infectious diseases. The present study compares two HTS methods, 16S rRNA marker gene sequencing (metataxonomics) and whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing (metagenomics), in their respective abilities to match the same diagnosis as traditional culture methods (culture inference) for patients with ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). The metagenomic analysis was able to produce the same diagnosis as culture methods at the species-level for five …

The Synergistic Roles Of Cholecystokinin B And Dopamine D5 Receptors On The Regulation Of Renal Sodium Excretion., Xiaoliang Jiang, Wei Chen, Xing Liu, Zihao Wang, Yunpeng Liu, Robin A Felder, John J Gildea, Pedro A. Jose, Chuan Qin, Zhiwei Yang

Medicine Faculty Publications

Renal dopamine D1-like receptors (D1R and D5R) and the gastrin receptor (CCKBR) are involved in the maintenance of sodium homeostasis. The D1R has been found to interact synergistically with CCKBR in renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells to promote natriuresis and diuresis. D5R, which has a higher affinity for dopamine than D1R, has some constitutive activity. Hence, we sought to investigate the interaction between D5R and CCKBR in the regulation of renal sodium excretion. In present study, we found D5R and CCKBR increase each other's expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in the HK-2 cell, the specificity of which was …

Micrornas Are Involved In The Development Of Morphine-Induced Analgesic Tolerance And Regulate Functionally Relevant Changes In Serpini1., Jenica D. Tapocik, Kristin Ceniccola, Cheryl L. Mayo, Melanie L. Schwandt, Matthew Solomon, Bi-Dar Wang, Truong V. Luu, Jacqueline Olender, Thomas Harrigan, Thomas M. Maynard, Greg I. Elmer, Norman H. Lee

Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications

Long-term opioid treatment results in reduced therapeutic efficacy and in turn leads to an increase in the dose required to produce equivalent pain relief and alleviate break-through or insurmountable pain. Altered gene expression is a likely means for inducing long-term neuroadaptations responsible for tolerance. Studies conducted by our laboratory (Tapocik et al., 2009) revealed a network of gene expression changes occurring in canonical pathways involved in neuroplasticity, and uncovered miRNA processing as a potential mechanism. In particular, the mRNA coding the protein responsible for processing miRNAs, Dicer1, was positively correlated with the development of analgesic tolerance. The …

Alterations In Plasma Protein C Activity Levels Following Apheresis Platelet Donation And Whole Blood Donation, Frances Duggan, Kathleen O'Sullivan, Joan P. Power, Michael Healy, William G. Murphy

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Citrate toxicity from platelet apheresis donation has been extensively reported. Effects include symptomatic adverse reactions, silent prolongation of QTc interval on an electrocardiogram and long-term bone effects. While haemostatic impairment is not of concern in healthy plateletpheresis donors, these donors receive doses of citrate during the procedures that induce significant in vivo anticoagulation. We wished to measure the effects this process has on other markers of haemostatic homeostasis, and, in particular, on protein C activity levels. Protein C binds to its activation complex through divalent cation bridges, and is, therefore, susceptible to inactivation by citrate: an effect on protein C …

Vitamin D Clinical Relevance In The Recovery From Traumatic Brain Injury Among The Military Population, Yuisa M. Colón

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) still remains a difficult disorder to treat. TBI has been associated to chronic neuroinflammation and a high risk for neurodegenerative disorders. Since 2001 between ten to twenty percent of all deployed military members have suffered a combat-related TBI. Nearly twenty to thirty percent of those will experience chronic cognitive, behavioral and somatic symptoms after suffering a TBI.
Methods: The objective of this review is to evaluate current literature examining vitamin D as a neurosteroid with protective properties and its clinical relevance after traumatic brain injury. Vitamin D is known to participate in neurobiological …

Pharmacogenomic Management Of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: An Integrative Review Of The Literature, Brian V. Skibo

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to examine familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and emerging pharmacogenomics therapies that propose to lower serum low density lipid (LDL) levels. The search of various data bases resulted in nine research articles being selected for review. Syntheses of the articles suggest emerging phamacogenomic drug therapy can improve treatment outcomes for individuals with a diagnosis of FH. The Human Genome Project (HGP) has had far reaching applications for genomic technologies and pharmacagenomic interventions, tailored to human conditions associated with select genomic traits. Synthesis of nine research articles demonstrate that little is known on the topic and reveals …

Therapy Options For Winged Scapula Patients: A Literature Review, Samantha L. Normand

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Winged scapula is a condition characterized by lateral or medial protrusion of the scapula caused by nerve damage leading to muscular paralysis. The purpose of this systematic review of literature is to evaluate the current research literature related to the effectiveness of therapy options for winged scapula. Eleven peer reviewed English language research articles published from 1998 to present were included for evaluation. Study results revealed positive therapeutic outcomes for physical therapy and scapular bracing. Results also showed positive outcomes for the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and acupuncture for the treatment of nerve related conditions similar to winged …

Assessing Cultural Competence In Nursing Students At A Small Private Liberal Arts University, Mikah K. Barrueta Ms

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Appropriate care across cultures can occur only when patient, family, and community expectations are aligned with provider knowledge, attitude, and behavior (Doorenbos et al, 2005). Because nurses treat patients from all types of backgrounds, a culturally competent approach should and must be used when educating and training future nurses. The purpose of this study is to assess various cultural competence components of senior nursing students at a small Midwestern University. In order to assess this sample population, two peer-reviewed surveys were chosen; the Quality and Culture Quiz and the Affective Racial Attitudes subscale from the Quick Discrimination Index. Three more …

Health Professions Division 2016-2017 Catalog, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Early-Life Programming Of Emotional Behaviors And Cardiovascular Function, Samir Rana

All ETDs from UAB

Extensive evidence implicates bi-directional relationship between mood disorders and cardiovascular disorders. Early-life experience can have strong effects both on emotional development and cardiovascular function throughout life. Studies in humans are limited to correlational analyses, which are necessarily limited in terms of revealing mechanistic underpinnings of these associations. Thus, various pre-clinical models are utilized to investigate the effects of early-life experience in various domains, such as behavior and cardiovascular function, which are likely mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Previous studies have used maternal separation and neonatal handling in developing rodents as a way to model differences in early-life experience. The effect of …

Bisphenol-A And Sleep Adequacy Among Adults In The National Health And Nutrition Examination Surveys, Hind A. Beydoun, May A. Beydoun, Hueiwang Anna Jeng, Alan B. Zonderman, Shaker M. Eid

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Study Objectives: To evaluate bisphenol-A (BPA) level and its relationship to sleep adequacy in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.
Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey whereby data were collected using in-person interviews, physical examination and laboratory testing. BPA level was measured in urine samples and analyzed as loge-transformed variable and in quartiles (< 0.9 ng/mL; 0.9 to < 1.9 ng/mL; 1.9 to < 3.7 ng/mL; 3.7+ ng/mL). Sleep adequacy was operationalized with three questions: "How much sleep do you usually get at night on weekdays or workdays?", "Have you ever told a doctor or other health professionals that you have trouble sleeping?" and "Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have a sleep disorder?" Sleep duration was further categorized as (< 6 h, ≥ 6 h); (< 7 h, 7-8 h, > 8 h); (< 5 h, 5-6 h, 7-8 h, ≥ 9 h). Linear, binary, and ordinal logistic regression models were constructed.
Results: Loge-transformed BPA level was inversely related to sleep duration defined, in hours, as a continuous variable, a dichotomous variable (≥ 6, < 6), or an ordinal variable (≥ 9, 7-8, 5-6, < 5), after adjustment for confounders. Help-seeking behavior for sleep problems and diagnosis with sleep disorders were not significantly associated with loge-transformed BPA level in fully adjusted models.
Conclusions: Loge-transformed BPA level may be associated with fewer hours of …

Large Genomic Differences Between Moraxella Bovoculi Isolates Acquired From The Eyes Of Cattle With Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis Versus The Deep Nasopharynx Of Asymptomatic Cattle, Aaron M. Dickey, John D. Loy, James L. Bono, Timonthy P. L. Smith, Mike D. Apley, Brian V. Lubbers, Keith D. Dedonder, Sarah F. Capik, Robert L. Larson, Brad J. White, Jochen Blom, Carol G. Chitko-Mckown, Michael L. Clawson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Moraxella bovoculi is a recently described bacterium that is associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) or “pinkeye” in cattle. In this study, closed circularized genomes were generated for seven M. bovoculi isolates: three that originated from the eyes of clinical IBK bovine cases and four from the deep nasopharynx of asymptomatic cattle. Isolates that originated from the eyes of IBK cases profoundly differed from those that originated from the nasopharynx of asymptomatic cattle in genome structure, gene content and polymorphism diversity and consequently placed into two distinct phylogenetic groups. These results suggest that there are genetically distinct strains of M. …

Daily Surveillance With Early Warning Scores Help Predicthospital Mortality In Medical Wards, Mi̇ne Durusu Tanriöver, Burçi̇n Halaçli, Bi̇lgi̇n Sai̇t, Serpi̇l Öcal, Arzu Topeli̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To analyze the potency of a modified early warning score (EWS) to help predict hospital mortality when used for surveillance in nonacute medical wards. Materials and methods: Patients in internal medicine wards were prospectively recruited. First, highest, and last scores; and mean daily score recordings and values were recorded. Nurses calculated scores for each patient upon admission and every 4 h. The last score was the score before death, discharge, or transfer to another ward. The highest scores in total and for each single parameter were used for analysis. Results: Fifty-nine percent of 182 recruited patients had recordings eligible …

What's Up, Dut? Help, Help I'M Being Derepressed; The Great Derepression Of Sapis Or How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love Mobilization, Rosanne Lorin Lee Hill

All ETDs from UAB

Staphylococcus aureus is known to cause disease in both human and animal populations. Many of the virulence factors important for S. aureus pathogenesis are found on mobile genetic elements known as S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs). SaPIs can transduce into surrounding cells, giving those cells the ability to produce virulence factors. Derepression allows SaPIs to be excised from S. aureus genome to initiate mobilization. Derepressors have been identified for multiple SaPIs, but it remains unknown if the same SaPI can be derepressed by multiple derepressors. It has been shown that SaPIbov1 can be derepressed by the type 1 dUTPase from …

Examination Of 4-Hydroxy Tamoxifen- And Bh3 Mimetic-Induced Cell Death Pathways In Glioblastoma And Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells, Christopher Dillon Graham

All ETDs from UAB

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive human primary malignant brain tumor with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. GBM is highly invasive, rendering complete surgical resection impossible. Additionally, this tumor type is relatively insensitive to radiotherapy. Thus, effective chemotherapeutic options present the last line of defense for GBM patients. Unfortunately, nearly 50% of all GBM tumors are resistant to the current chemotherapeutic standard, temozolomide (TMZ). TMZ is a DNA alkylating agent that promotes apoptosis via DNA damage. Resistance to TMZ-induced cell death is attributed to expression of the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) resultant from …

Determination Of Reference Range With The Indirect Method Of The 25-Hydroxyvitamind3 Test In The Balıkesir Region, Turkey, Medi̇ne Alpdemi̇r, Mehmet Fati̇h Alpdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of this study is to determine the reference ranges of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)vitD3) by an indirect method using data obtained from patients over the course of 3 years. Materials and methods: The 25(OH)vitD3 test results of the patients who applied to the medical biochemistry laboratory of Balıkesir State Hospital between the years of 2010 and 2014 were analyzed. Patient data were retrospectively taken from the laboratory information system. The 25(OH)vitD3 levels of patients were examined after exclusion of outliers. Patients were divided into subgroups according to season, sex, and age. The central 95% reference intervals were calculated …

Bioinnovation Enterprise: An Engine Driving Breakthrough Therapies., Scott A. Waldman, Andre Terzic

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Biological advances have radically expanded our insights into the underpinnings of health and disease. New knowledge has formed the substrate for translation-expedited in turn by the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry into novel therapeutic solutions impacting the management of patients and populations. Indeed, this Bioinnovation Enterprise has become the dominant growth sector in drug development and the engine driving the translation of breakthrough therapies worldwide. This annual Therapeutic Innovations issue highlights recent exceptional advances by the Bioinnovation Enterprise in translating molecular insights in pathobiology into transformative therapies.

Role Of Sulfiredoxin Interacting Proteins In Lung Cancer Development, Hedy Chawsheen

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is an antioxidant enzyme that can be induced by oxidative stress. It promotes oncogenic phenotypes of cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and metastasis in lung, skin and colon cancers. Srx reduces the overoxidation of 2-cysteine peroxiredoxins in cells, in addition to its role of removing glutathione modification from several proteins. In this study, I explored additional physiological functions of Srx in lung cancer through studying its interacting proteins. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family members, thioredoxin domain containing protein 5 (TXNDC5) and protein disulfide isomerase family A member 6 (PDIA6), were detected to interact with Srx. Therefore, I proposed …

Ophthalmic Pathologies In Female Subjects With Bilateralcongenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Mehmet Talay Köylü, Gökçen Gökçe, Güngör Sobaci, Fahretti̇n Güven Oysul, Dorukcan Akincioğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The high prevalence of ophthalmologic pathologies in hearing-disabled subjects necessitates early screening of other sensory deficits, especially visual function. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of ophthalmic pathologies in patients with congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Materials and methods: This descriptive study is a prospective analysis of 78 young female SNHL subjects who were examined at a tertiary care university hospital with a detailed ophthalmic examination, including electroretinography (ERG) and visual field tests as needed. Results: The mean age was 19.00 ± 1.69 years (range: 15 to 24 years). A total …

Applying The International Classification Of Functioning, Disability, And Health In Children With Low Vision: Differences Between Raters, Feri̇de Yarar, Uğur Cavlak, Bi̇lge Başakci Çalik

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study was conducted to analyze the agreement between International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) raters and to show its applicability in children with low vision. Materials and methods: Twenty children (mean age: 11.70 ± 1.92 years) were included. To evaluate the independency of the sample, the Northwick Park Activities Daily Living questionnaire was used. The Low Vision Quality of Life Scale was used to evaluate quality of life. An ICF core set was developed to be used in this study. The core set consisted of 13 items for body functions, 3 items for body structures, 36 …