Digital Commons Network^™

Seg1 Controls Eisosome Assembly And Shape, Karen E. Moreira, Sebastian Schuck, Bianca Schrul, Florian Fröhlich, James B. Moseley

Dartmouth Scholarship

Eisosomes are stable domains at the plasma membrane of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and have been proposed to function in endocytosis. Eisosomes are composed of two main cytoplasmic proteins, Pil1 and Lsp1, that form a scaffold around furrow-like plasma membrane invaginations. We show here that the poorly characterized eisosome protein Seg1/Ymr086w is important for eisosome biogenesis and architecture. Seg1 was required for efficient incorporation of Pil1 into eisosomes and the generation of normal plasma membrane furrows. Seg1 preceded Pil1 during eisosome formation and established a platform for the assembly of other eisosome components. This platform was further shaped and …

Contribution Of The Infection-Associated Complement Regulator-Acquiring Surface Protein 4 (Erpc) To Complement Resistance Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, Claudia Hammerschmidt, Teresia Hallström, Christine Skerka, Reinhard Wallich, Brian Stevenson, Peter F Zipfel, Peter Kraiczy

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Borrelia burgdorferi evades complement-mediated killing by interacting with complement regulators through distinct complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins (CRASPs). Here, we extend our analyses to the contribution of CRASP-4 in mediating complement resistance of B. burgdorferi and its interaction with human complement regulators. CRASP-4 (also known as ErpC) was immobilized onto magnetic beads and used to capture proteins from human serum. Following Western blotting, factor H (CFH), CFH-related protein 1 (CFHR1), CFHR2, and CFHR5 were identified as ligands of CRASP-4. To analyze the impact of native CRASP-4 on mediating survival of serum-sensitive cells in human serum, a B. garinii strain was generated …

Determination Of The Molecular Mechanisms Of Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes In Cav3.2 Calcium Channel Properties, Ginny Marie Keeling

Master's Theses

Hyperglycemia can cause altered excitability due to increased CaV3.2 T-type calcium channel function, bestowing diabetics an increased neuropathy risk. The objective of this study was to understand the molecular mechanisms of increased CaV3.2 function during hyperglycemia in vitro, which leads to a 58% increase in current density and increased channel open probability (PO), among other changes. Two major findings are reported in this study:

1) The enzymatic elimination of extracellular N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) moieties reversed the increase in current density and the shift in PO, showing that hyper-glycosylation alters channel function in disease.

2) Treatment with GM1 (a ganglioside highly …

A Novel Function For Snap29 (Synaptosomal-Associated Protein Of 29 Kda) In Mast Cell Phagocytosis., Jordan Wesolowski, Vernon Caldwell, Fabienne Paumet

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

Mast cells play a critical role in the innate immune response to bacterial infection. They internalize and kill a variety of bacteria and process antigen for presentation to T cells via MHC molecules. Although mast cell phagocytosis appears to play a significant role during bacterial infection, little is known about the proteins involved in its regulation. In this study, we demonstrate that the SNARE protein SNAP29 is involved in mast cell phagocytosis. SNAP29 is localized in the endocytic pathway and is transiently recruited to Escherichia coli (E. coli)-containing phagosomes. Interestingly, overexpression of SNAP29 significantly increases the internalization and killing of …

Neuroangiogenesis: A Vascular Basis For Alzheimer's Disease And Cognitive Decline During Aging, Charles T. Ambrose

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Angiogenesis directs development of the brain's microcirculation during antenatal and postnatal development, but its role later in life is less well recognized. I contend that during senescence a reduced cerebral capillary density accounts in part for the vascular cognitive impairment observed in many older persons and possibly for some forms of Alzheimer's disease. I propose that neuroangiogenesis is essential throughout adult life for maintaining the microcirculation of the cerebral cortex and elsewhere in the brain and that it commonly declines with old age. To support this hypothesis I have examined the neurological literature for relevant studies on cerebral capillary density …

Mnsod And Autophagy In Prevention Of Oxidative Mitochondrial Injuries Induced By Uvb In Murine Skin, Vasudevan Bakthavatchalu

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

UVB radiation is a known environmental carcinogen that causes DNA damage and increase ROS generation in mitochondria. Accumulating evidence suggests that mtDNA damage and increased ROS generation trigger mitochondrial translocation of p53. Within mitochondria, p53 interacts with nucleoid macromolecular complexes such as mitochondrial antioxidant MnSOD, mitochondrial DNA polymerase Polγ, and mtDNA. Mitochondria are considered to be a potential source for damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as mtDNA, cytochrome C, ATP, and formyl peptides. Intracytoplasmic release of DAMPs can trigger inflammasome formation and programmed cell death processes. Autophagic clearance of mitochondria with compromised integrity can inhibit inflammatory and cell death processes. …

Cutaneous Anthrax Patients In Eastern Anatolia, Turkey: A Review Of 44 Adults Cases, Kemaletti̇n Özden, Zülal Özkurt, Serpi̇l Erol, Muhammet Hami̇dullah Uyanik, Mehmet Parlak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Anthrax is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by B. anthracis. It remains as an important issue in developing countries and it is a potential threat for the world because of its use as a biological weapon. In this study, we evaluated the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of 44 patients with cutaneous anthrax in our region. Materials and methods: The study included 44 cutaneous anthrax patients admitted to our hospital from the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey between 2005 and 2008. Results: Out of 44 cases, 24 (54.5%) were male and 20 (45.5%) female. The mean age was 41 ± …

Skin Prick Test Results And Prevalence Of Allergic Symptoms In Workers Exposed To Toluene, İsmai̇l Karabulut, Tevfi̇k Pinar, Hayri̇ye Karabulut, Meli̇ke Demi̇r, Güli̇stan Karadeni̇z, Riza Murat Karaşen

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine the distribution of allergens and allergic symptoms according to occupation groups in those who were exposed to toluene and presented with allergic rhinitis symptoms. Materials and methods: Of the 2005 patients who were administered an allergy test with the prediagnosis of allergic rhinitis, the files of 138 patients who were exposed to toluene were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35 ± 10 years. Distributions of symptoms and allergens of 57 patients (41.3%) with negative skin prick test and 81 patients (58.7%) with positive skin prick test were analyzed according to occupation groups. There …

The Relationship Between Symptoms And The Results Of The Skin Prick Test In Patients With Allergic Rhinitis, Hayri̇ye Karabulut, Emre Günbey, Mehmet Ali̇ Babademez, Baran Acar, Emrah Çeli̇k, Tevfi̇k Pinar, Riza Murat Karaşen

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine the relationship between skin prick test results and allergic symptoms and to discover which symptom or symptoms are more commonly associated with the skin prick test. Materials and methods: Of the 1462 patients with a prediagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) who underwent the skin prick test, 495 subjects completed the symptoms inquiry form and were included in the study. Results: Out of 495 cases, the skin prick test was found to be positive in 358 and negative in 137. No significant relationship was found between sneezing, runny nose, itchy nose, nasal obstruction, headache, postnasal drip, and skin prick …

Exogenous Egf And Bdnf Treatment Enhances Differentiation And Proliferation Of Cultured Taste Cells, Mehmet Hakan Özdener, Nancy Ellen Rawson

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on taste cell generation by utilizing a long-term rat taste cell culture that exhibits molecular and functional characteristics of mature taste cells. The role of neurotrophic factors in taste cell development is not well understood. Materials and methods: A long-term rat taste cell culture exhibiting molecular and functional characteristics of mature taste cells was used. The effects of 3 different concentrations of EGF and BDNF on taste cell differentiation and proliferation were examined at 3 different time points. Results: We showed the presence of BDNF, EGF …

Ovariectomy Decreases Biomechanical Quality Of Skin Via Oxidative Stress In Rat, Ülkü Çömelekoğlu, Serap Yalin, Ebru Balli, Mehmet Berköz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To investigate the effect of ovariectomy on the skin using biomechanical, biochemical, and histological techniques in the ovariectomized rat model. Ovariectomy causes significant changes in the physical characteristics of the skin. Materials and methods: Twenty female Wistar albino rats were divided into 2 groups, with each group consisting of 10 rats: the control group and the ovariectomized group. The ovariectomized group underwent bilateral ovariectomy via ventral incision and the control group underwent a sham operation. Skin biomechanics were measured 3 months following the ovariectomy with a tensile test using a biomaterial testing machine, and tensile strength, stress, strain, and toughness …

Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia With Bupivacaine Attenuates Systemic Inflammatory Response And Lung Impairment Associated With Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis In Rats, Nurdan Bedi̇rli̇, Nalan Akyürek, Bahadir Kösem, Melek Yaman, Aslihan Çavunt Bayraktar, Ömer Kurti̇pek, Mustafa Kavutçu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To evaluate the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) on acute pancreatitis (AP)-induced lung injury in a rat model. Materials and methods: A total of 24 rats were divided into 3 groups: the control group (n = 8; pancreatitis), the bupivacaine group (n = 8; pancreatitis + 20 µL/h 0.5% bupivacaine), and the saline group (n = 8, pancreatitis + 20 µL/h saline). Pancreatitis was induced by 4 intraperitoneal injections of 50 µg/kg cerulein. At 24 h, blood was collected for determination of amylase, blood gas, tumor necrosis factor-\alpha (TNF-\alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1\beta; lung samples were collected for the …

The Effect Of Soya Bean Meal On Tibial Articular Cartilage Growth In Mice After Suckling Period: A Histomorphometric And Biochemical Study, Simin Fazelipour, Seyed Babak Kiaei, Amir Hossein Eghtesad, Zahra Tootian

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To examine the effects of an oral supplement of soya bean meal on the histomorphometric alteration of tibia cartilage and the serum levels of calcium and alkaline phosphatase in 3-week-old female mice using a computer-assisted histomorphometric method. Materials and methods: Forty immature BALB/c female mice were selected and divided into 4 groups. They were fed for 3 months with 4 different regimens: a low-protein regimen without soya bean meal, 23% protein without soya bean meal, 20% of the total protein being provided by soya bean meal, and 40% of the total protein being provided by soya bean meal. After 3 …

Antinociceptive, Antiinflammatory, And Antioxidant Activities Of The Ethanol Extract Of Crataegus Orientalis Leaves*, Zeynep Bor, Rana Arslan, Nurcan Bektaş, Sevda Pirildar, Ali̇ Aslan Dönmez

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine the in vitro antioxidant activity and to investigate the possible antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of Crataegus orientalis leaves. The medicinal use of extracts prepared from the leaves, flowers, and fruits of Crataegus (hawthorn) dates back to ancient times. It has been proposed that its antioxidant constituents account for these beneficial therapeutic effects. Materials and methods: To evaluate these effects, the hot-plate, tail-immersion, writhing, and carrageenan-induced edema tests were used. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and \beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay systems. In the tests that were used to determine …

Plasma Lipid Levels In Patients With Acute Bacterial Infections, Mohammad Nassaji, Raheb Ghorbani

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To assess the impact of acute bacterial infections on plasma lipid levels and to determine the value of plasma lipid measurements in the diagnosis of acute bacterial infection. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 112 patients with acute bacterial infections admitted in hospital and 112 healthy individuals as controls. Levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides were measured in blood samples of all subjects. Mean levels of serum lipids were compared in both groups. Results: Both groups were matched based on age (P = 0.10), sex (P = 0.789), BMI (P = 0.515), …

Dietary Boron Intake Does Not Change The Ischemic Tolerance And Preconditioning Response In Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury In Healthy Rats, Mehmet Fati̇h Karakaş, Mustafa Kurt, Uğur Arslantaş, Göktürk İpek, Esra Karakaş, Emi̇ne Bi̇len, Hüsametti̇n Erdamar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Boron is important for many enzymes, most of which also have a role in the ischemic tolerance of the myocardium. We aimed to evaluate the influence of dietary boron intake on ischemic tolerance in a rat model. Materials and methods: Rats were divided into 3 groups according to the ischemia protocol: Sham (S) (n = 20 total), ischemia only (Isc-only) (n = 40 total), and remote ischemic preconditioning + ischemia (RIPC+Isc) (n = 40 total) groups. These 3 groups were further divided into 4 according to the amount of daily dietary boron (

Effects Of Lycopene On Plasma Glucose, Insulin Levels, Oxidative Stress, And Body Weights Of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, Muhsi̇n Aydin, Sefa Çeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine possible therapeutic effects of oral lycopene supplementation on plasma insulin levels, lipid peroxidation, blood glucose levels, and the antioxidant defense system of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Classical biochemical methods were used to determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine plasma insulin levels and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the levels of brain antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px). Results: It was found that the diabetes-related increase in blood glucose levels was reduced by supplementation …

Effect Of Intravitreal Octreotide Acetate Injection On Retinal Neovascularization, Morphology, And Apoptotic Cell Death In An Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Mouse Model, Fatma Seli̇n Kaya, İmren Akkoyun, Asuman Ni̇han Haberal Reyhan, Atti̇la Dağdevi̇ren, Gürsel Yilmaz, Si̇bel Oto, Yonca Akova

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To investigate the effect of octreotide acetate on neovascularization, retinal structures, and apoptotic cell death in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model. Materials and methods: A total of 26 C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 75 ± 2% oxygen from postnatal day 7 to 12. On day 12, 12 mice (group C) were injected with 0.1 µg intravitreal octreotide acetate (IVOA) and 14 mice (group D) were injected with 0.05 µg IVOA, in the right eye. The contralateral eyes were injected with 1 µL isotonic saline (control group, group B). Four mice were used as negative controls (group A). Neovascularization was …

Electrical Fatalities In Ankara Over 11 Years, Ramazan Akçan, Emre Karacaoğlu, Alper Keten, Aysun Balseven Odabaşi, Çi̇ğdem Kanburoğlu, Ali̇ Riza Tümer, Hani̇fe Alkurt-Alkan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Electrical injuries are still responsible for significant morbidity and mortality; however, they are generally preventable with simple safety measures. This study Abstracts to determine the general features of electrical fatalities, and to draw attention of health professionals towards such preventable deaths. Materials and methods: A retrospective evaluation of records of electrocution-related deaths in Ankara, Turkey, was conducted over 11 years (1998-2008). Results: Out of 12,263 autopsy cases, 100 (0.8%) were secondary to electrocution. Most of the victims were male (n = 94; 94%) while only 6 were female. Victims’ age ranged from 1 year to 76 years, with a mean …

The Effect Of Knk437, A Heat Shock Protein Inhibitor, On Angiogenesis Of Endothelial Cells, Emel Şahi̇n, Mehmet Şahi̇n, Saadet Gümüşlü

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Hyperthermia is an effective therapy for cancer and tumor angiogenesis. However, the development of thermotolerance is an important problem. We aimed to investigate the effects of KNK437 and quercetin on angiogenesis and thermotolerance in endothelial cells (ECs). Materials and methods: ECs were grown in EGM-2 medium. ECs were preincubated with KNK437 or quercetin and then treated with single and fractionated hyperthermia. Tube formation assay on Matrigel Matrix was performed in these cells to investigate angiogenesis. Results: Tube formation was suppressed in cells that were treated with KNK437 and quercetin at 37 °C. Single hyperthermia (45 °C for 1 h) …

Biochemical And Structural Changes Of The Kidney In Mice Exposed To Phenol, Zahra Tootian, Ali Louei Monfared, Simin Fazelipour, Mohammad Taghi Shybani, Fatemeh Rouhollah, Farhang Sasani, Ebrahim Molaemi

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: To investigate the histology and function of the kidney in mice exposed to different concentrations of phenol through the gavage method for 10 consecutive days. Materials and methods: Forty female BALB/c mice were selected and randomly divided into 1 control group and 3 experimental groups. The control group was administered distilled water through the gavage method, while the experimental groups received daily doses of 80, 180, and 320 mg/kg of phenol, respectively. After 10 days, blood samples were collected and the sera were analyzed biochemically. Renal tissue samples were also taken and histopathological changes of the kidneys were examined …

Effect Of Prenatal Exposure To Cigarette Smoke On The Conduction Of Sensory Nerve Fibers In The Rat, Jumah Shakhanbeh

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: To investigate the effect of prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) on the conduction of sensory nerve fibers in the adult rat offspring. Materials and methods: Pregnant rats were exposed to CS by inhalation during the gestation period. The saphenous nerve in the adult offspring was exposed in vivo, and the conduction parameters of the threshold, maximum strength of stimulation, conduction velocity, and amplitude of compound action potentials (CAPs) of A\alpha\beta-, A\delta-, and C-fibers were examined. Results: Prenatal exposure to CS induced significant reduction (P < 0.005) in the peak amplitude of CAPs of A\alpha\beta- and A\delta-fibers. The conduction velocity of A\alpha\beta-fibers and C-fibers was significantly (P < 0.025-0.05) increased after prenatal exposure to CS. Conclusion: Prenatal exposure to CS attenuates the conduction of sensory nerve fibers in the rat saphenous nerve.

Plasma Levels Of Il-6 And Tnf-\Alpha In Patients With Esophageal Cancer, Yener Aydin, İbrahi̇m Kaplan, Yusuf Bi̇len, Çağlar Bulut, Fatma Genç, Ati̇la Türkyilmaz, Ati̇la Eroğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Cytokines are multifunctional polypeptides synthesized in various cell types. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-\alpha (TNF-\alpha) are cytokines that have important roles in cancer pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-\alpha in patients with esophageal cancer. Materials and methods: Forty-three esophageal cancer patients (24 females and 19 males) who were newly diagnosed and had not yet undergone operation participated in the study. The patients' average age was 61.03 ± 12.4 years. The control group, on the other hand, comprised 43 healthy individuals (22 males and 21 females) with an average age of 56 ± …

Evaluation Of Vitamin B-12 Level In Middle-Aged Obese Women With Metabolic And Non-Metabolic Syndrome: Case-Control Study, Davut Baltaci, Ali̇ Kutlucan, Serkan Öztürk, İsmai̇l Karabulut, Hayri̇ye Ak Yildirim, Ahmet Çeler, Gökhan Celbek, İsmai̇l Hamdi̇ Kara

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To investigate the correlation between vitamin B12 and body mass index (BMI) along with insulin resistance (IR) in middle-aged obese women. Materials and methods: The study was designed as a case-control study. The study group included middle-aged obese women and the control group included aged-matched lean women. Weight, height, and hip and waist circumferences were measured. Biochemical parameters such as fasting and postprandial glucose, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels, and lipid profiles were assayed. Results: Enrolled in the study were 116 middle-aged obese and 103 aged-matched healthy lean women. The vitamin B12 level of the obese women was significantly …

Evaluation Of The Antibacterial Activity Of Zataria Multiflora Boiss., Rhus Coriaria L. (Sumac), Mentha Piperita L., And Ocimum Basilicum L. Extracts On Brucella Strains Isolated From Brucellosis Patients, Yousef Motaharinia, Mohammad Ali Rezaee, Mohammad Saleh Hazhir, Farid Zandi, Reza Shapouri, Mohammad Saied Hakhamaneshi, Ahmad Rashidi, Mohammad Reza Rahmani

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Since brucellosis has been called a chronic illness and treatment of patients infected with this bacterium has not been successful, the present study aim ed to evaluate the effects of several medicinal plant extracts on clinical Brucella strains. Materials and methods: First, Brucella strains were isolated from brucellosis patients. Then an antibiotic resistance assay was performed for these strains, while the antibacterial activity of the above-mentioned extracts was evaluated. Results: After performing accurate evaluations, the obtained results showed that all of the isolated Brucella strains were sensitive to tetracycline, doxycycline, and gentamicin, and the rates of antibiotic resistance to rifampin …

Antinociceptive Activity Of Some Scorzonera L. Species, Özlem Bahadir Acikara, Hayri̇ye Gülçi̇n Saltan, Hanefi̇ Özbek

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Scorzonera species are mainly used to relieve pain in Turkish traditional medicine. The roots of Scorzonera latifolia (Fisch. & Mey) DC., S. tomentosa L., S. suberosa C.Koch subsp. suberosa, and S. mollis M.Bieb. subsp. szowitzii collected from different regions of Anatolia, and yakı sakızı, which is prepared by drying the latex obtained from the roots of Scorzonera latifolia, were evaluated for their antinociceptive activities. Materials and methods: For antinociceptive evaluation, Scorzonera latifolia (Fisch. & Mey) DC., S. tomentosa L., S. suberosa C.Koch subsp. suberosa, S. mollis M.Bieb. subsp. szowitzii, and yakı sakızı were tested on mice, and acetic acid-induced writhing …

Early Oxidative Status In Adult Patients With Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury, Özgür Söğüt, Hali̇l Kaya, Mehmet Tahi̇r Gökdemi̇r, Leyla Solduk, Mehmet Aki̇f Dokuzoğlu, Mustafa Burak Sayhan, Atilhan Kaya, Abdürrahi̇m Koçyi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To investigate oxidative and antioxidative status, as well as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Revised Trauma Score (RTS), reflecting injury severity and neurological outcome during the early posttraumatic period in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI). Materials and methods: Fifty-one adult patients with TBI and 45 eligible healthy volunteers as control subjects were enrolled. Plasma total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were calculated as biomarkers of early oxidative changes in serum using a novel automated method. Results: TOS levels and OSI values were significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared with those …

Is Grayanotoxin Directly Responsible For Mad Honey Poisoning-Associated Seizures, Abdülkadi̇r Gündüz, Murat Aydin, Metehan Akça, Süha Türkmen, Süleyman Türedi̇, Umut Eryi̇ği̇t, Ali̇ Cansu, Mehmet Yildirim

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of grayanotoxin on epileptiform activity in rats. Materials and methods: Forty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were equally divided into 1 of 7 groups. Thirty minutes after induction of epileptiform activity induced by penicillin injection, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 8 µg of grayanotoxin-III was intracerebroventricularly administered. Epileptiform activity spike frequency and amplitude were converted into numerical data using software following the experiment. Results: Our results show that grayanotoxin reduces epileptiform spike frequency and amplitude in a dose-dependent manner. Five minutes postinjection, grayanotoxin significantly reduced epileptiform activity, especially at higher doses. …

High Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Level In West Nile Virus Ncephalitis: Report Of Five Cases, Oğuz Karabay, Nazan Tuna, Mehmet Yahyaoğlu, Gökçen Kayan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

An outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) occurred in Greece, Russia, and Turkey in 2010. We diagnosed 5 WNV encephalitis patients, who presented with high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level and encephalitis relevant symptoms in the last days of summer or in the first days of autumn. Here, we aimed to present a retrospective analysis of 5 WNV encephalitis cases in Turkey in terms of their clinical and laboratory findings.

Histopathological Effects Of S. Xylosus Peptidoglycan In Comparison To E. Coli Lipopolysaccharide In The Urinary Tract Of Mice, Harith Jabbar Fahad Al-Mathkhury, May Talib Flaih, Hiba Khalil Tawfiq

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The present work, among other previous studies done in our lab, aimed to highlight the histopathological effect of S. xylosus peptidoglycan in comparison to LPS of E. coli. Materials and methods: One hundred and fifty urine specimens were collected from urinary tract infection patients visiting Baghdad hospitals. The histopathological effects of S. xylosus S24 peptidoglycan was studied in the urinary tract of female mice by injecting 5 animal groups at the following concentrations: 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 µg/mL. Another 5 groups were injected with 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ng/mL of E. coli (serotype 0128:B12) LPS. Results: …