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Reflexives In Veracruz Huastec, Peter G. Constable

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "In this paper, I will consider various clause types in Huastec which are, in some sense, reflexive; this includes ordinary reflexives, which involve coreference, as well as other clauses. Two mutually exclusive morphosyntactic devices are used for reflexives in Huastec: reflexive pronouns, and verbal morphology: in this way, Huastec is like various European languages, including Spanish, Italian, Albanian, and Russian. Clauses involving reflexive pronouns are considered in Section 3, while those involving reflexive verbal morphology are considered in Section 4.

"The analysis presented here adopts the frameworks of Relational Grammar (RG) and Arc Pair Grammar (APG)."

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Switch Reference In Mbyá Guaraní: A Fair-Weather Phenomenon, Robert A. Dooley

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

In this paper, I will claim that switch-reference marking in Mbyá has several modes of use, which require different kinds of description. Specifically, I claim that there is an unmarked mode of use that has a grammatical ("internal") description, as well as other, marked modes of use that require extragrammatical ("external") descriptions. Among phenomena with such marked and unmarked modes, we can further distinguish at least two subtypes: on-call phenomena and fair-weather phenomena; Mybá switch-reference marking is of the latter type.

Front Matter For Sil-Und Work Papers Vol. 33 (1989)

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

The Nahuatl Verb Maka: A Cognitive Grammar Analysis, David H. Tuggy

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "The verb stem maka 'give' in Nahuatl is unusual in its range of options with respect to transitivity. Like all transitive verb stems, it regularly occurs with an object and in fact must do so, but it also appears in an unusually large number of constructions in which it has two objects. I would like to examine these constructions within the framework of Cognitive grammar (CG) (Langacker 1987)."

Lexical Variation In Mexican Sign Language, J. Albert Bickford

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

A Typology Of Koine Relative Clauses, Martin M. Culy

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "In this paper I endeavor to give a broad description of Koine Greek relative clauses. My database consists primarily of the Greek New Testament (Marshall and Nestle 1960). I begin by pointing out that Koine uses the strategy of relative pronouns in all relative clauses (Sect. 2). This section is followed by a description of the other ways in which relative pronouns are used besides introducing a relative clause (Sec. 3). In section 4, I discuss the position of the relative clause with respect to its head, arguing that only postnominal and internally headed relative clauses occur. …

Predication Theory: A Case Study For Indexing Theory, Donna Jo Napoli

Linguistics Faculty Works

Napoli's study takes a refreshing look at the notions of argument and predicate. Recent discussions of predication with Government and Binding theory stress the configurational properties of the phrases involved, and Napoli argues that this has led to proposals for more and more elaborate syntactic structures that still fail to give genuinely explanatory accounts. She presents a convincing case for the idea of predicate as a semantic primitive that cannot be defined simply by looking at the lexicon or simply at semantic structure, and offers a theory of predication where the key to the subject-predicate relationship is theta role assignment. …

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 38, No. 2, William B. Fetterman, James D. Mcmahon Jr., Monica Pieper, Lorett Treese

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Asseba un Sabina: The Flower of Pennsylvania German Folk Theater
• An Elizabeth Furnace Tenant House: A Pennsylvania German Structure in Transition
• A Tribute to Tradition and Necessity: The Schwenkfelder Schools in America
• "Enchanting Prospects": John Penn in Central Pennsylvania
• Aldes un Neies (Old and New)

Index To Volumes 26-35 Of Pennsylvania Folklife, 1976-1986, Judith E. Fryer

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine Indexes

• Introduction
• Subject Index
• Genealogy Index

Tonal Instability: Tone As Part Of The Feature Geometry, Stephen P. Walker

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "In this paper I present an analysis of Kagate tone, within an autosegmental framework (Goldsmith 1976). The principal focus is the phenomenon of tonal instability, which occurs as the result of a compensatory lengthening process:

"In [figure] (1) the vowel of the suffix loses its melodic quality, and takes instead the melody of the previous vowel. Crucial to the topic of this paper, the tone of the suffix is simultaneously lost.

"[...] To account for both the tonal stability and the tonal instability facts, I propose that the location of tone within the overall geometry is subject …

A Morphological Parser For Linguistic Exploration, David J. Weber

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "This paper describes AMPLE, a morphological parser (i.e., a program that parses words into morphemes). AMPLE grew out of work in computer assisted dialect adaption, as described in section 1. It contains no language-specific code, being controlled entirely through external, user-written files, the notations of which were designed for linguists. AMPLE's constructs are linguistic: "allomorph," "morpheme," "conditioning environment," "co-occurrence constraint," etc.

AMPLE's fundamental algorithm is (i) to discover all possible decompisitions of a word into allomorphs, and (ii) to eliminate those which fail any conditions, constraints or tests imposed by the user."

Preferred Perceptual Learning Styles Of Chinese Students, Alex Albert Pia

Dissertations and Theses

The basis for this study was work done by Joy Reid (1987) of Colorado State University. Reid's work analyzed the pref erred perceptual learning styles of several groups of English as a Second Language students and one group of American students. The learning styles concept has been established on the theory that students have a particular mode through which they learn best. The learning styles analyzed in this study were: auditory, visual, kinesthetic, tactile, individual, and group. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationships that exist between the preferred perceptual learning styles of P.R.C. and American students …

Maternal Linguistic Input To Normal And Expressive Language Delayed Toddlers, Terril Joy Elwood

Dissertations and Theses

Research suggests that the linguistic environment of the expressive language delayed child is different from that of his peers. Does this difference actually exist and if so, what are its characteristics? The purpose of this study was to describe the linguistic characteristics of mothers' input to children with normal language acquisition and those of mothers of expressively delayed toddlers; and to identify any differences between these groups. Though considerable research exists in this area, few studies have dealt specifically with large groups of expressively delayed toddlers.

Types Of Phonological Processes Occurring In Normal Black English Speakers, Eileen Rella

Dissertations and Theses

Black English (BE) is a rule-governed linguistic system with its own phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. BE is a dialect, not a disordered variation of standard English (SE). When compared to SE, BE phonology has been described in terms of omissions, substitutions, and additions. This study looked at normal BE speakers in Portland, Oregon and described their dialectal differences in terms of phonological processes.

Concept Association, Sally Yeates Sedelow

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The complement to decomposition in scientific research is composition. In human language computing, composition is achieved by way of semantic association and the generation of strings of entities. That generation of strings takes place progressively: e.g., strings of symbols (words), strings of strings (sentences), strings of strings of strings (paragraphs), etc. The mathematical (topological, graph-theoretic) analysis of Roget's Thesaurus (1962) has opened a door onto a broad vista of potential achievements in such areas as artificial intelligence and expert systems, through the analysis of concept association, or concept composition.

A Comparative Study Of Chinese Efl Reading Instruction And American Esl Reading Instruction, Changhua Wang

Dissertations and Theses

Reading instruction in China and that in the United States are so different that they are not compatible. In fact, they seem to go in opposite directions. This study examined some of the differences between Chinese EFL reading instruction and American ESL reading instruction through analyzing selected tape-recordings of reading classes from China and the United States, and comparing Chinese EFL reading textbooks with American ESL reading textbooks.

This study was intended to answer the following questions.

1. Is a bottom-up method of reading really taught in China while a top-down method is taught in the United States?

2. Compared …

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 38, No. 1, Lorett Treese, Rhoda Horning Denlinger, William B. Fetterman, Lee C. Hopple

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• "Faithful Laborers in this Vineyard of the Lord": The Swedish Mission to America
• Metzler's School, Then and Now
• E. H. Rauch's Formative Influence on Pennsylvania German Folk Theater
• Germanic Origins and Religious-Geographical History of the Mennonites in Europe
• Aldes un Neies (Old and New)

Phonological Processes And Syllable Structure In Tainae, Terry Bruce Carlson

Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this thesis is to present the phonological processes generating surface forms from underlying segments in Tainae, a Non-Austronesian language of Papua New Guinea.

All phonetically occurring segments in the language are examined in varying environments, e.g., in word-initial position, word-medial position, and word-final position. Chapter Two, Consonants in Tainae, concentrates on the consonants on the language, separating them into classes such as bilabial stops, alveolar stops, velar stops, fricatives, etc. Within each of these classes the various consonants which appear on the surface are compared with one another in scope of distribution and regarding which possible phonological …

An Investigation Of The Effect Of Using Varying Stimuli To Assess Normal Children's Comprehension Of Five Locative Prepositions, Kathleen G. Versteeg

Dissertations and Theses

A recurring concern in recent research appears to be the role that assessment variables play in accurately measuring children's knowledge and use of prepositions. Age and order of acquisition of prepositions has become a dynamic rather than static standard, as different ways of assessing prepositions also give different results. These researchers have investigated assessment variables such as context (picture, object, no context) and response (self actions, manipulating, pointing) in assessing normal children's understanding and use of prepositions. Most have considered these variables separately, but a few have contrasted a limited number of variables with significant results for some age groups. …

Vol. 11 No. 3 (1988): Pacific Studies Front Matter, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 37, No. 4, Carl Ned Foltz, Paul Shetrompf, Deborah Shetrompf, Gregory A. Petrick, Patrick Rudolph, Ivan Belac, Loretta Belac, David S. Marks, Lee S. Heffner, Ivan E. Hoyt, J. Ernest Miller, Malcolm Jones, Sheldon Janse, Rachel Janse, Robert Evans, Richard Dewalt, Sandra Gilpin

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Pennsylvania Redware
• Intaglio
• Silhouette Glass
• Marionettes
• Ceramics
• Fretted Dulcimers
• Satisfying the Hungry
• Festival Focus
• Festival Programs
• Hex Signs
• Dutch Fries
• Metal and Slate Engraving
• Antler Lore
• What are Knobbits?
• Wood Sculpture
• Scherenschnitte and Fraktur

Vol. 11 No. 3 (1988): Pacific Studies Full Issue, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

Contributors: Vol 11 No. 3, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Contributors list of Vol. 11 (1988): Pacific Studies Full Issue 3

Richard Moyle's Review Of Even Hovdhaugen's From The Land Of Nafanua: Samoan Oral Texts In Transcription With Translation, Notes And Vocabulary, Richard Moyle

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Tabaru Phonology And Morphology, Edward A. Kotynski

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents an analysis of the phonology and an overview of the morphology of the Tabaru language. The phonology is analyzed in light of recent theory and the merits of metrical, CV and lexical phonology are discussed as they relate to some inadequacies of earlier generative theory.

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 37, No. 3, Mary Lou Robson Fleming, Richard Matthews, William B. Fetterman, Erick D. Slazinski, N. F. Karlins, Leland D. Baldwin, Edward W. Chester

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Folk Artist Jacob Maentel of Pennsylvania and Indiana
• Up Another River: Fourteen Days on the St. Johns
• An Appreciation of Russell Wieder Gilbert
• Holy Images: A Brief Study of Folk Religious Belief
• Lamont Alfred "Old Ironsides" Pry, Contemporary American Folk Artist
• Synopsis of the Penburne Quintet

The Phonetics Of Fingerspelling: Kinematic, Temporal, And Dynamic Aspects Of Fingerspelling Production, Sherman Elmo Wilcox

Linguistics ETDs

Simple cipher models, which characterize fingerspelling as a sequential arrangement of static handshapes corresponding to English letters, are demonstrably inadequate to explain how people produce and perceive fingerspelling. This research explores a more viable, dynamic model which takes into account kinematic and temporal aspects of fingerspelling trajectories.

Two studies are reported, The first asked adult, hearing students to rate the ease or difficulty of several signed language learning activities. By far, the most difficult task that students face is learning to understand fingerspelling. According to their judgements, fingerspelling is more similar to learning American Sign Language than it is to …

Niko Besnier's Review Of William A. Foley's The Papuan Languages Of New Guinea, Niko Besnier

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Review Of "Italian Syntax: A Government-Binding Approach" By L. Burzio, Donna Jo Napoli

Linguistics Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Pragmatics And Grammar: Motivation And Control, Robert A. Dooley

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "Much of what has been done as "pragmatics" has dealt with utterance interpretation, that is, with the influence of context on meaning. Relatively little has been said about the interaction between context and form. As a result, there is much we do not know about how pragmatic phenomena relate to the grammar of a language. The present paper makes three points in this regard: (a) it is not anomalous for there to be pragmatic phenomena encoded in the syntax and controlled by the grammar; (b) it is not anomalous for there to be pragmatic phenomena encoded in …