Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Life Sciences

Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 691 - 720 of 734

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Pretreatment Of Robusta Coffee Hulls And Co-Digestion With Cow-Dung For Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion, A. K. Kivaisi Dec 2002

Pretreatment Of Robusta Coffee Hulls And Co-Digestion With Cow-Dung For Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion, A. K. Kivaisi

Tanzania Journal of Science

The effect of alkali pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of Robusta coffee hulls with a lignin content of 29% was studied in batch culture at 55˚C. In order to investigate the effect of cow dung in minimising the effect of coffee-based inhibitory compounds, digestion experiments were performed with blends of pre-treated and non-treated coffee hulls and cow dung with 0,5,10,20,30,50,75 and 100% coffee hulls at a total volatile solids concentration of 1.8g/l fermentation volume. Methane production increased with increase in coffee hulls concentration up to 30% for both substrates. The lowest production was observed at 100% non-treated coffee hulls. Methane production …

Go to article

Assessment Of Wind Energy Potential For Eletricity Generation In Setchet, Hanang, Tanzania, A. S. Kasasi, R. M. Kainkwa Dec 2002

Assessment Of Wind Energy Potential For Eletricity Generation In Setchet, Hanang, Tanzania, A. S. Kasasi, R. M. Kainkwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Tanzania depends heavily on hydropower for her electricity demand and experiences power shortage during the dry seasons. Wind energy is proposed as an alternative source of electricity to the fossil fuel generators during the dry season, the latter are normally used to supplement the shortfall in hydro-electricity generation. Fossil fuel generators produce emissions that are toxic and as such degrade the environment. Wind speed data from a site called Setchet is used to illustrate that the available wind energy can be harvested to generate electricity that can supplement the shortfall of electricity. The windy season, which is from July to …

Go to article

Morphometrics Of The Pancake Tortoise (Malacochersus Tornieri) In Tanzania, J. Kabigumila Dec 2002

Morphometrics Of The Pancake Tortoise (Malacochersus Tornieri) In Tanzania, J. Kabigumila

Tanzania Journal of Science

Observations were made of the morphometrics of captive pancake tortoise (Malacochersus tornieri) in June 1995. Carapace length ranges for immature tortoises and adult males and females were 50-115, 123-160 and 129-171 mm respectively. The respective carapace widths were 45-90, 97-130, and 92-129 and 97-130 mm. Carapace height ranges were 15-29, 25-40 and 117-159 mm, respectively, while plastron length ranges were 45-110, 108-150 and 117-159 mm. The relationships between carapace length and width (males: y = 13.763+0.639x; females: y = 17.302+0.639x) and height (males: y=6.851+0.170x, females: y = 17.274+0.170x) were isometric and sexually dimorphic in adults. The relationship between carapace length …

Go to article

Sexual Dimorphism In The Mandibles Of A Homogenius Black Population Of Tanzania, F. M. Fabian, R. Mpembeni Dec 2002

Sexual Dimorphism In The Mandibles Of A Homogenius Black Population Of Tanzania, F. M. Fabian, R. Mpembeni

Tanzania Journal of Science

Mandibles of known age and gender from cadavers of Tanzanian Bantu population were studied to determine if the human mandible could be sexually dimorphic in a homogenous population. All mandibles were measured using electronic two-digit millimetre veneer calliper. All of the male (100%) and 96% of the female mandibles were positively sexed. The present study indicates that the mandible of the Tanzanian Bantu population possesses metric parameters that make it sexually dimorphic. More studies, involving other Tanzanian groups, might reveal racial or ethnic differences based on mandibular morphometrics.

Go to article

Effect Of Cement Production On Vegetation In A Part Of Southwestern Nigeria, A. T. Salami, A. I. Farounbi, J. I. Muoghalu Dec 2002

Effect Of Cement Production On Vegetation In A Part Of Southwestern Nigeria, A. T. Salami, A. I. Farounbi, J. I. Muoghalu

Tanzania Journal of Science

The impact of cement dust emissions from the factory of West African Portland Cement at Ewekoro in Southwestern Nigeria on the surrounding vegetation was investigated. Sample plots of 20 m x 20 m were established at 1 km intervals from the factory site up to a distance of 10 km intervals from the factory site up to a distance of 10 km in the four cardinal directions. Leaves of common species were randomly selected for chlorophyll content analysis, leaf abundance and leaf area measurement. Woody as well as herbaceous species encountered within the established plots were enumerated, while soil samples …

Go to article

Mechanistic Studies Of Carbon Steel Corrosion Inhibition By Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, J Y N Philip, J Buchweishaija, L L Mkayula Dec 2002

Mechanistic Studies Of Carbon Steel Corrosion Inhibition By Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, J Y N Philip, J Buchweishaija, L L Mkayula

Tanzania Journal of Science

The inhibition mechanism of the Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) on SAE 1008 carbon steel corrosion in CO 2  saturated 3% NaCl solutions has been studied by weight loss, UV/VIS and electrochemical techniques. The phenoxide, R-Ar-O- ions from the CNSL inhibitor were found to be responsible for the reduction of the corrosion rate of the carbon steel. Also, it was observed that the surface charge of the carbon steel electrodes was positive with respect to the solutions containing CNSL inhibitor. It is likely that the mechanism of the CNSL inhibitor adsorption involved the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged metal …

Go to article

Organochlorine Pesticides In Residues In Waters From The Coastal Area Of Dar Es Salaam And Their Effect On Aquatic Biota, H Mwevura, Oc Othman, Gl Mhehe Dec 2002

Organochlorine Pesticides In Residues In Waters From The Coastal Area Of Dar Es Salaam And Their Effect On Aquatic Biota, H Mwevura, Oc Othman, Gl Mhehe

Tanzania Journal of Science

Water samples from Msimbazi and Kizinga rivers in Dar es Salaam and from the coastal marine environment receiving waters from these rivers were analyzed for various organochlorine pescticide residues using GC-ECD and GC-MS. p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, dieldrin and γ-HCH were the only organochlorine pesticide residues detected at significantly greater concentrations above the detection limits. There was a marked difference in the frequency of pesticide residue detection during the dry and wet seasons. All the wet season samples and 37.5% of the dry season samples revealed presence of p,p-DDE at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.45 mgl-1 and 0.08 to 0.20 mgl-1 …

Go to article

Preparation And Characterization Of Activated Carbons From Rice Husks And Shells Of Palm Fruits, Jeg Mdoe, Ll Mkayula Dec 2002

Preparation And Characterization Of Activated Carbons From Rice Husks And Shells Of Palm Fruits, Jeg Mdoe, Ll Mkayula

Tanzania Journal of Science

Activated carbons from palm fruit shells (PFS) and rice husks (RH) were prepared using physical and chemical activation processes, respectively. The influence of activation time and temperature (in the case of PFS) and impregnation ratio and carbonization temperature (in the case of RH) on the properties of the resultant carbons were studied. In the case of PFS carbons, there were an increase in adsorption capacity and surface areas with increase in activation time and temperature. The surface area ranged between 292 and 642 m2g-1 at temperature range of between 1000 and 1200 K. In the case of RH carbons, surface …

Go to article

Spatial-Temporal Changes In Phytoplankton Biomass And Primary Production In Chwaka Bay, Zanzibar, M. N. S. Kyewalyanga Dec 2002

Spatial-Temporal Changes In Phytoplankton Biomass And Primary Production In Chwaka Bay, Zanzibar, M. N. S. Kyewalyanga

Tanzania Journal of Science

Spatial-temporal variations in phytoplankton primary production (PP) and biomass (B) were studied for a period of about one year, from July 1999 to July 2000. In addition, changes in corresponding environmental variables were examined. Sampling took place at two stations in Chwaka Bay, one located in mangrove areas, Station I, and the other in an open area, Station II. Although there were changes both with location and time, there were no clear seasonal trends. Generally, the phytoplankton biomass and primary production (mg C m-3 h-1) were higher at Station I than at Station II. However, specific production, that is, primary …

Go to article

Absolute Migration And The Evolution Of The Rodriguez Triple Junction Since 75 Ma, D. C. P. Masalu Dec 2002

Absolute Migration And The Evolution Of The Rodriguez Triple Junction Since 75 Ma, D. C. P. Masalu

Tanzania Journal of Science

The Rodriguez Triple Junction (RTJ) is a junction connecting three mid-ocean ridges in the Indian Ocean: the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) and the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR). The evolution of the RTJ has been studied extensively for the past 10 Ma and the triple junction is believed to be largely a ridge-ridge-ridge (RRR) triple junction. However, due to the scarcity of data, its configuration prior to that period is poorly understood. The migration of the RTJ in the hotspot reference frame, for the past 75 million years has been mapped, by reconstructing its traces on …

Go to article

Optimization Of Edxrf For The Study Of Heavy Metal Pollution Of Lake Victoria, Nk Mahommed, In Makundi Nov 2002

Optimization Of Edxrf For The Study Of Heavy Metal Pollution Of Lake Victoria, Nk Mahommed, In Makundi

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study reports on the optimisation and calibration of the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer installed in the Department of Physics, University of Dar es Salaam. The spectrometer was subsequently utilized to determine concentrations of heavy metals in water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms.) found growing along the shore of Lake Victoria. The optimal conditions and detection limits were determined experimentally by variation of the excitation parameters. The study found that the use of a collimator with two apertures of diameter 4 mm each placed 8 mm apart and made of materials that do not interfere with elements to …

Go to article

Studies On Benthic Denitrification In The Chwaka Bay Mangrove Sediments, Zanzibar, Sm Mahommed, Rw Johnstone Nov 2002

Studies On Benthic Denitrification In The Chwaka Bay Mangrove Sediments, Zanzibar, Sm Mahommed, Rw Johnstone

Tanzania Journal of Science

Denitrification was measured at three sites in a narrow tidal creek in the Chwaka mangrove ecosystem. Denitrification arising from water column nitrate (Dw) was low (< 0.1μM Nm-2h-1) and there was little spatial and seasonal variation in Dw rates in the creek. Coupled nitrification-denitrification (Dn) was found to be low, but within the range measured in other mangrove sediments. Average values ranged from 0.01 to 0.45 μM Nm-2h-1 and showed strong spatial variations. The low denitrifcation rates observed in the creek were possibly as a result of the low availability of NO3 and high C:N values of the organic matter in the sediment. Spatial variations in denitrification rates were due to variations in concentration levels of organic matter and possibly to disproportionate competition for inorganic nitrogen between denitrifiers and benthic autotrophs among sites. There were no seasonal differences in denitrification rates. Results from the present study suggest that sediment denitrification does not play a major role as a sink for N in this ecosystem

Go to article

Identification Of Mushroom Mycelia Using Dna Techniques, Mhs Muruke, Ak Kivaisi, Fss Magingo, E Danell Nov 2002

Identification Of Mushroom Mycelia Using Dna Techniques, Mhs Muruke, Ak Kivaisi, Fss Magingo, E Danell

Tanzania Journal of Science

The suitability of using DNA techniques in the determination of relatedness of mushroom fruiting bodies to isolated mycelia was examined. Nine isolates of edible mushroom mycelia of general Oudemansiella, Coprinus and Pleurotus were identified using fruiting bodies as references. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in conbination with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RLFP) analyses were carried out on fruiting bodies and mycelia of the isolates. The internally transcribed spacer region (ITS) and ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) was amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The RLFP analysis was carried out on the regions amplified by PCR from fruiting bodies and the mycelia was …

Go to article

Comparative Development And Population Growth Of An Exotic Stemborer, Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe), And An Ecologically Similar Congener, C. Orichalcociliellus (Strand) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Jacob C. Mbapila, William A. Overholt, Hosea Y. Kayumbo Jan 2002

Comparative Development And Population Growth Of An Exotic Stemborer, Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe), And An Ecologically Similar Congener, C. Orichalcociliellus (Strand) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Jacob C. Mbapila, William A. Overholt, Hosea Y. Kayumbo

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of temperature and diet on the development of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Chilo orichalcociliellus (Strand) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Developmental times of C. partellus and C. orichalcociliellus for the egg, larval and egg-adult life stages were inversely related to temperature. The larval developmental period of C. orichalcociliellus reared on artificial diet was longer than the developmental period on natural diet. Chilo partellus had a higher intrinsic rate of natural increase than C. orichalcociliellus at all diet/temperature combinations except natural diet at 31°C. © 2002 ICIPE.

Go to article

Assessment Of Heavy Metal Pollution In The Lupa Gold Field, Sw Tanzania, S. R. Mnali Dec 2001

Assessment Of Heavy Metal Pollution In The Lupa Gold Field, Sw Tanzania, S. R. Mnali

Tanzania Journal of Science

The concentrations of AS, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb were determined in water, stream sediments, soil, and mine tailings from Lupa Gold Field (LGF), SW Tanzania, in order to assess their pollution levels. As, Cd and Cr were determined by automated Graphite Furnace Absorption Spectrophotometry. Cu and Pb were analysed by Air-Acetylene Flame, while Hg was analysed by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The mean concentrations obtained were: As: 0.44 ppb (water), 1.2 ppm (sediments), 0.44 ppm (soil) and 5.2 ppm (tailings); Cd: 0.03 ppb (water), 0.03 ppm (sediments), 0.03 ppm (soil) and 0.50 ppm (tailings); Cr: 1.4 ppb …

Go to article

Sources And Diagenetic Alteration Of Organic Matter In Coastal Waters At The Vicinity Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Ann Muzuka Dec 2001

Sources And Diagenetic Alteration Of Organic Matter In Coastal Waters At The Vicinity Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Ann Muzuka

Tanzania Journal of Science

The stable isotope compositions of organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen, contents of OC and nitrogen, and C/N ratios for four short cores, which were recovered from Msansani Bay (WO 57), off Msimbazi River (WO 76) and Dar es Salaam harbour (WO 62 and WO 74), are used to document temporal variation in the sources and diagenetic alteration of organic matter (OM). The δ15N and δ13C values at sites WO 57, WO 62 and WO 74 show a trend of down-core decrease to the base of the core, and such a down-core trend could be related to diagenetic loss of compounds …

Go to article

The Occurrence Of Digenean Larvae In Freshwater Snails At Mbezi-Temboni Pond, Dar Es Salaam, Esp Esp Kigadye, G. Nkwengulila Dec 2001

The Occurrence Of Digenean Larvae In Freshwater Snails At Mbezi-Temboni Pond, Dar Es Salaam, Esp Esp Kigadye, G. Nkwengulila

Tanzania Journal of Science

The abundance of digenean larvae in snails at a pond in Mbezi-Temboni, Dar es Salaam, was investigated from July 1996 to June 1997. A total of 2,112 snails belonging to three species, Bulinus globosus Morelet 1866, Bulinus forskalii Ehrenberg 1869, and Melanoides tuberculata Müller 1774 were examined, and 28 (1.3%) were found infected by four species of digenean trematodes. Trematodes were recovered only from Bulinus species; none of the examined M. tuberculata was infected. B. globosus was infected by Schistosoma haematobium Bilharz 1852 (1.14%), unidentified furcocercous cercariae (0.4%), and echinostome cercariae (0.76%). B. forskalii was infected by echinostome cercariae (0.25%) …

Go to article

Experimental Spat Collecting Of The Edible Oyster, Saccostrea Cucullata Born (Bivalvia) In The Kundichi Creek, Dar Es Salaam, Y. D. Mgaya Dec 2001

Experimental Spat Collecting Of The Edible Oyster, Saccostrea Cucullata Born (Bivalvia) In The Kundichi Creek, Dar Es Salaam, Y. D. Mgaya

Tanzania Journal of Science

A one year study was carried out at Kunduchi Creek, Dar es Salaam, to determine spat settlement using the three different substrates (clutches): coconut shells, asbestos and cockle shells, set at three different depths, 0.5 m, 1 m, and 1.5 m. The experiment was set up at three different sites within the creek. There were no significant differences among treatments (sites, depths, clutches). However, spat settlement exhibited seasonal differences, with peak spatfall recorded during the long rains (April to May). There were significant differences in the number of spat between the upper and lower surfaces of the substrates, with more …

Go to article

Production Of Cell Wall Enzymes In Pepper Seedlings, Inoculated With Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Glomus Etunicatum, A C Odebode, A O Salami, O Osunubi Jul 2001

Production Of Cell Wall Enzymes In Pepper Seedlings, Inoculated With Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Glomus Etunicatum, A C Odebode, A O Salami, O Osunubi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Pepper seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal AM fungus, Glomus etunicatum, produced cellulase, polygal-acturonase and pectin methylestrase enzymes. The activities of the enzymes increased as the pepper seedlings matured in age, showing that the activity of the enzymes in the seedlings was age mediated. The pectinases showed higher activity than the cellulase enzyme which may indicate establishment of the mycorrhizal in the host. The significance of this finding is that there is an initial infectivity factor in (AM) fungi interactions with plant just like in other host-parasite interaction.

Go to article

Physicochemical Characteristics Of Some Locally Manufactured Edible Vegetable Oils Marketed In Dar Es Salaam, F N Ngassapa, O C Othman Jul 2001

Physicochemical Characteristics Of Some Locally Manufactured Edible Vegetable Oils Marketed In Dar Es Salaam, F N Ngassapa, O C Othman

Tanzania Journal of Science

The physicochemical properties (refractive index, saponification value, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) value, iodine value, acid value, peroxide value and tocopherol content) of seven edible vegetable oils manufactured in Tanzania, were assessed using standard procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Also determined were the levels of these properties with respect to shelf storage of the products. When compared with standard values recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission of FAO/WHO and with other published results, the locally produced vegetable oils were found to be of fair quality but of poor storage stability.

Go to article

Occurrence And Activity Budget Of The Leopard Tortoise, Geochelone Pardalis, In Northern Tanzania, J Kabigumila Jul 2001

Occurrence And Activity Budget Of The Leopard Tortoise, Geochelone Pardalis, In Northern Tanzania, J Kabigumila

Tanzania Journal of Science

Occurrence and activity budget of the leopard tortoise, Geochelone pardalis were studied in northern Tanzania between October 1993 and June 1996. Tortoises occurred most frequently in short grass (51.5%) and along roads and track verges (33.9%), but only occasionally in the bush undergrowth (6.7%) and shambas (3.6%). Walking (46.3%) and feeding (37.2%) were the most frequent activities. Resting was observed only occasionally (13.6%) while courtship (1.9%) and drinking (0.9%) were rarely recorded. Activity budget differed significantly between the age classes and habitats, but not between the sexes. Juveniles walked more frequently (59.3%) than other age classes. Walking was most frequent …

Go to article

Heavy Metals In Green Vegetables And Soils From Vegetable Gardens In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, O C Othman Jul 2001

Heavy Metals In Green Vegetables And Soils From Vegetable Gardens In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, O C Othman

Tanzania Journal of Science

Edible portions of five varieties of green vegetables, namely amaranth, chinese cabbage, cowpea leaves, leafy cabbage and pumpkin leaves, collected from several areas in Dar es Salaam, were analyzed for lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, nickel and copper. Except for zinc, the levels of heavy metals in the vegetables grown at Tabata area were much higher than in the vegetables from Ukonga and Kiwalani. Amaranth and pumpkin leaves had more than 60% higher content of heavy metals, especially copper, chromium and lead, than the other vegetables. All vegetables from Tabata, Buguruni and Sinza had lead-levels higher then the FAO/WHO recommended permissible …

Go to article

D13c Signatures Of Flora, Macrofauna And Sediment Of A Mangrove Forest Partly Affected By Sewage Wastes, J F Machiwa Dec 2000

D13c Signatures Of Flora, Macrofauna And Sediment Of A Mangrove Forest Partly Affected By Sewage Wastes, J F Machiwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Stable carbon isotope ratios (d13C) of sediments, suspended particulate matter, and crab gut content from Maruhubi mangrove forest, Zanzibar, were determined. Stable carbon isotope ratios were used to determine sources of organic matter in the forest. Mangrove organic carbon (d13C±SD = - 27.97±0.25) was found to be an important component of the sediment organic matter except at the marine fringe zone (d13C±SD = - 17.26±0.83). The areal distribution of d13C values show that the marine fringe zone was rich in organic carbon of marine origin. The terrestrial fringe zone was dominated by a mixed source of sediment organic carbon (d13C±SD …

Go to article

Heavy Metals And Organic Pollutants In Sediments Of Dar Es Salaam Harbour Prior To Dredging In 1999, J F Machiwa Dec 2000

Heavy Metals And Organic Pollutants In Sediments Of Dar Es Salaam Harbour Prior To Dredging In 1999, J F Machiwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Heavy metals and organic contaminants were analysed in the sediments of the inner area of the Dar es Salaam harbour. Complementary analytical parameters, such as, the organic carbon content and the silt/clay fraction of the sediments showed good positive correlation (r = 0.64). Stations that had high content of fine grain material in the sediment also indicated relatively high level of organic carbon and pollutants. The Florida criteria (MacDonald 1993) for assessment of pollution of tropical marine sediments was adopted in oredr to evaluate the extent of pollution in Dar es Salaam harbour sediments. The Florida criteria is one of …

Go to article

Macrominerals In The Milk Of Healthy And Mastitic Cows, I E. Mohamed, O A. Olowni, F I. Habbani, G E. Mohamed Dec 1999

Macrominerals In The Milk Of Healthy And Mastitic Cows, I E. Mohamed, O A. Olowni, F I. Habbani, G E. Mohamed

Tanzania Journal of Science

Concentration values were obtained using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique for chlorine, potassium and calcium levels in milk-from subclinical and clinical mastitis-infected COWS. Concentration values for sodium were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Comparisons were made with healthy cow's milk. Subclinical mastitic milk had significantly higher levels of sodium and chlorine and significantly lower levels of potassium and calcium than the milk from healthy cows. Comparison between clinical mastitic milk revealed a significant increase in sodium and chlorine levels for clinical mastitic milk, while levels of potassium showed a non-significant change and calcium levels decreased significantly.

Go to article

Comparative Evaluation Of Cotesia Flavipes And C. Sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) For The Management Of Chilo Partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) In Kenya, M. N. Sallam, W. A. Overholt, E. Kairu Jan 1999

Comparative Evaluation Of Cotesia Flavipes And C. Sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) For The Management Of Chilo Partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) In Kenya, M. N. Sallam, W. A. Overholt, E. Kairu

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Cotesia flavipes Cameron, a gregarious larval endoparasitoid native to the Indo-Australian region, was imported from Pakistan and released in Kenya in 1993 for management of the exotic stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Recent reports confirmed the successful establishment of the parasitoid in three locations in Kenya and in northern Tanzania. Functional response studies on this parasitoid and an indigenous congener, Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron), indicated that C. flavipes had a higher searching ability and attacked more larvae when Chilo partellus was the host. When a native stemborer, Sesamia calamistis Hampson, was the host, there was no significant difference between numbers attacked by …

Go to article

Cultivating The Edible Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus On Sawdust, Fss Magingo Dec 1998

Cultivating The Edible Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus On Sawdust, Fss Magingo

Tanzania Journal of Science

The edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius was grown on pasteurized saw dust supplemented with either Crotalaria ochroleuca (N2- fixing legume) or with chicken manure. Inoculated, unsupplemented sawdust acted as control. Sawdust supplemented with C. ochroleuca biomass yielded the highest fresh weight of the mushroom with a biological efficiency (B.E) of 83%. Sawdust supplemented with chicken manure had a 67% B.E., while control gave the least harvest (B.E. = 32%). Reasons for the differences are discussed.

Go to article

Global Warming: A Threat To Human Societies And Natural Ecosystems, Yunus D. Mgaya Dec 1997

Global Warming: A Threat To Human Societies And Natural Ecosystems, Yunus D. Mgaya

Tanzania Journal of Science

The possible influences of increases of mean sea surface temperatures are briefly reviewed. It is virtually certain that human activities are changing the composition and behavior of the atmosphere, leading to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases. Recent analyses and model predations show that risks to human societies and natural ecosystems from enhanced greenhouse effect may be large. A rising sea level could result in quite dramatic changes in maritime boundaries (as states to act to protect their maritime zones. It is concluded that in setting management goals with respect to mitigating the effects of global warming, one needs to recognize …

Go to article

Effect Of Filter Pore Size For Liquid Effluent Removal On The Performance Of An Artificial Rumen Reactor, Amelia Kajumulo Kivaisi, Martin Barugahare Dec 1996

Effect Of Filter Pore Size For Liquid Effluent Removal On The Performance Of An Artificial Rumen Reactor, Amelia Kajumulo Kivaisi, Martin Barugahare

Tanzania Journal of Science

The effect of filter pore size on performance of an artificial rumen reactor was studied. Filter units of pore sizes in the range of 10-300 mm were used in the reactor to separate the solids from the fermentation liquid at solid and liquid retention times of 72 and 12 h, respectively. The overall performance of the reactor decrease markedly with increasing filter pore size. Total cellulose activity and substrate degradation decreased by 70 and 30% respectively, when the pre sizes changed from 10 to 300 mm. ciliate protozoa decreased in number with increasing filter pore size and were almost completely …

Go to article

Mathematical Analysis Of Marketing Costs Of Agricultural Crops: The Case Of Coffee, C.B. Alphonce Dec 1993

Mathematical Analysis Of Marketing Costs Of Agricultural Crops: The Case Of Coffee, C.B. Alphonce

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper describes a case study in which a zero one mixed integer linear programming model was formulated and used to analyze marketing costs of coffee marketed by Kagera Co-operative Union. The solution of the model indicated a potential decrease of about 18% in the marketing costs. It is hoped that the model can be applied to other crops.

Go to article

First Prev Next Last