Digital Commons Network^™

On The Convergence Of Orbits In Sequence Space L^2, Marco Mpimbo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Abstract This paper discusses the convergence of orbits for diagonal operators defined on . In particular, the basis elements of  are obtained using the linear combinations of the elements of the orbit. Furthermore, via the classical result of the determinant of the Vandermonde matrix, it is shown that, the more the elements of the orbit are used, the faster the convergence of the orbit to the basis elements of . Keywords: Diagonal operators, Convergence of Orbits of operators, Vandermonde matrix, Norm topology.

Efficient Load Balancing Algorithm In Long Term Evolution (Lte) Heterogeneous Network Based On Dynamic Cell Range Expansion Bias, Emmanuel Bakuza, Hashimu U. Iddi, Abdi T. Abdalla

Tanzania Journal of Science

The traditional scheme for load balancing in a homogeneous Long Term Evolution (LTE) Network where User Equipment (UEs) associate to a node with the strongest received signal strength is not practical for LTE Heterogeneous Network (LTE HetNet) due to power disparity between the nodes. Therefore, dynamic Cell Range Expansion (CRE) based load-balancing schemes were employed by several scholars to address the challenges in the LTE HetNet. However, the fairness index in achieving the desired average user throughput and UE offloading effect is relatively low. In this work, an efficient load-balancing algorithm for LTE HetNet based on dynamic Cell Range Expansion …

Zooarchaeology And Taphonomic Aspects Of Later Stone Age Faunal Assemblage From Loiyangalani Site In Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, Frank Masele

Tanzania Journal of Science

The paper presents detailed zooarchaeological and taphonomic results on the Later Stone Age (LSA) faunal assemblage. The contributions of various taphonomic agents in the formation of the assemblage are accentuated. The assemblage is well-preserved and the majority of specimens are not highly weathered. Fluvial disturbance did not play a significant role and can be ruled out as a significant taphonomic agent in the formation. Results indicate that LSA humans exploited high-quality nutritional resources mainly of the large-sized animals and aquatic resources as extra sources of meat and fat. The assemblage preserves stone tools butchery marks (cut marks and percussion marks) …

Prunus Africanus Herbal Extracts Reverse And Ameliorate The Histological And Histomorphometric Changes In Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Rat Models, Felix P. William, Denis A. Russa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign proliferative disease among men during aging. The herbal extract of P. africanus has been used for the treatment of BPH since time immemorial. However microstructural changes of this extract to the prostate of animal or human models are still elusive. Therefore, histological and histomorphometric changes in rats with testosterone-induced BPH due to P. africanus herbal extracts were investigated. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (200 ± 50 g) were divided into four groups each with 7 rats. Group 1 (Negative control) was given 2 ml/day of olive oil subcutaneously and 2 ml/day of …

Knowledge And Practices Of Mothers About Diarrhea In Children Under Three Years Old In Heevi Pediatric Teaching Hospital In Duhok City, Omed S. Saadallah, Gulistan A. Saido

Polytechnic Journal

Background and Objectives: Diarrheal disease is the second important reason of death in children under 5 years old and is responsible for killing around 760,000 children every year. Diarrhea can last for several days and it can leave the body without the water and salts that are necessary for survival. Most people who die from diarrhea actually die from severe dehydration and fluid loss. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between mother’s knowledge and their practice about diarrhea in children mother’s knowledge and their practice about diarrhea in children less than 3 years old in Heevi …

Predicting Range Shifts Of African Apes Under Global Change Scenarios, Joana S. Carvalho, Bruce Graham, Gaeelle Bocksberger, Fiona Maisels, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Serge Wich, Tenekwetche Sop, Bala Amarasekaran, Benjamin Barca, Abdulai Barrie, Richard A. Bergl, Christophe Boesch, Hedwige Boesch, Terry M. Brncic, Bartelijntje Buys, Rebecca Chancellor, Emmanuel Danquah, Osiris A. Doumbe, Stephane Y. Le-Duc, Anh Galat-Luong, Jessica Ganas, Sylvain Gatti, Andrea Ghiurghi, Annemarie Goedmakers, Nicolas Granier, Dismas Hakizimana, Barbara Haurez, Josephine Head, Ilka Herbinger, Annika Hillers, Sorrel Jones, Jessica Junker, Nakedi Maputla, Eno-Nku Manasseh, Maureen S. Mccarthy, Mary Molokwu-Odozi, Bethan J. Morgan, Yoshihiro Nakashima, Paul K. N'Goran, Stuart Nixon, Louis Nkembi, Emmanuelle Normand, Laurent D. Z. Nzooh, Sarah H. Olson, Leon Payne, Charles-Albert Petre, Alex K. Piel, Lilian Pintea, Andrew J. Plumptre, Aaron S. Rundus, Adeline Serckx, Fiona A. Stewart, Jacqueline Sunderland-Groves, Nikki Tagg, Angelique Todd, Ashley Vosper, Jose F. C. Wenceslau, Erin G. Wessling, Jacob Willie, Hjalmar S. Kuehl

Anthropology & Sociology Faculty Publications

Aim: Modelling African great ape distribution has until now focused on current or past conditions, while future scenarios remain scarcely explored. Using an ensemble forecasting approach, we predicted changes in taxon-specific distribution under future scenarios of climate, land use and human populations for (1) areas outside protected areas (PAs) only (assuming complete management effectiveness of PAs), (2) the entire study region and (3) interspecies range overlap. Location: Tropical Africa. Methods: We compiled occurrence data (n = 5,203) on African apes from the IUCN A.P.E.S. database and extracted relevant climate-, habitat- and human-related predictors representing current and future (2050) conditions to …

Assessment Of Fluoride Bioaccumulation Potential In African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Reared In Fluoride Rich Water, Jophillene Bejumula, Revocatus L Machunda, Liliane J Pasape, Kelvin M Mtei

Tanzania Journal of Science

Fluoride bioaccumulation in fish poses a significant impact on their growth, survival and consequently to upper trophic levels. Few studies have reported the impacts of high fluoride concentrations and their accumulation potential to catfish in African settings. A 60-day catfish cultivation was conducted at Ngarenanyuki ward and the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) in Arusha, Tanzania to determine fluoride bioaccumulation and its impacts to catfish growth and survival. Juvenile catfish were exposed to 36 mg F–/L pond water and synthetic water containing fluoride (NaF) concentrations of 5, 15, 36 and 45 mg/L in aquaria set at …

Coupled Effects Of Hydrophilic Nano Silica Oxide And Anatase Nano Titanium Oxide On Strengths Of Oilwell Cement, Petro E Mabeyo, Jun Gu

Tanzania Journal of Science

The life of oilwells depends on the stability of cement sheath and bond strength with the formation and casing. Extreme subsurface conditions cause substantial stresses on the cement sheath resulting in a serious impact on well integrity. The recommended API cement for oilwell fails to provide the required durability of the cemented well due to such conditions. Supplementary cementitious materials such as nanoparticles are added to improve the cement for long-lasting zonal isolation. In this study, the compressive and shear bond strengths of oilwell cement containing nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2 were studied at 80 °C for 3, 7, 14, and 28 …

Effects Of Rapid Thermal Annealing On The Properties Of Room-Temperature Oxygenated Dc Sputtered Zinc Thin Films For Czts Solar Cells Application, Emmanuel R Ollotu, Nuru R Mlyuka, Margaret E Samiji

Tanzania Journal of Science

This work investigated the potential to achieve zinc oxide (ZnO) films for Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells window layer at controlled annealing conditions as a potential approach to address elemental inter-diffusion in CZTS solar cells. This involved rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of room-temperature oxygenated DC sputtered zinc thin films in an ambient of nitrogen gas at different temperatures. Structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of these films were determined by X-ray diffractometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer, and Hall Effect measurement, respectively. ZnO phases were observed after annealing the films over 150 °C. The films’ grains sizes improved with increasing …

Larvicidal Potency Of Dioscorea Sansibarensis Leaf Extract Against Vector Mosquitoes: Anopheles Gambiae S.S. And Culex Quinquefasciatus, Anitha Philbert

Tanzania Journal of Science

Mosquitoes are responsible for transmission of illnesses of public health importance including malaria, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, chikungunya, and many other diseases caused by viruses. Vector control using synthetic insecticides has been the cornerstone for management of vector-borne diseases. However, the chemical based interventions have not been sustainable due to emergency of resistance against insecticides among disease vectors. Plant based mosquitocidal products can be potential alternative tools in vector control. Therefore, the present study aimed at exploring the larvicidal properties of Dioscorea sansibarensis leaf extract against malaria and lymphatic filariasis vectors; Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Culex quinquefasciatus. The larvicidal activities of …

Application Of Linguistic/Non-Numeric Fuzzy Aggregation To The Ranking Of Processed Crops, David Koloseni

Tanzania Journal of Science

A non-numeric fuzzy aggregation approach is applied for the fusion of information obtained from farmers and experts for evaluation and selection of alternatives under multiple criteria. The technique has the ability to assign linguistic variable to fused information and find consensus of gathered opinions from a number of experts on crop processing for each processed crop. The technique is illustrated with a crop processing problem by adding value to the crop and increase income to entrepreneurs. The proposed technique has been successfully applied to the ranking of the processed crops based on the expert’s opinions, thus obtaining best preferences based …

Levels Of Selected Toxic And Essential Elements In Fish And Oysters From Western Indian Ocean, Coast Of Tanzania, Daniel A Shilla, Shovi F Sawe

Tanzania Journal of Science

Concentrations of toxic and essential elements in selected finfish and shellfish collected from Dar es Salaam and Tanga, Indian Ocean coast of Tanzania are presented. The elemental concentrations were determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer coupled with X-lab ProTM software. The mean concentrations of metals observed in finfish and shellfish collected from Tanga ranged from 3.40–5.75, 1.8–37.17, 3.5–7.1, 0.6–1.3, 0.53–0.73 and 16.80–96.70 mg kg–1 for As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively. For Dar es Salaam, the mean concentrations of metals ranged from 3.34–9.46, 2.90–30.53, 3.4–6.9, 0.7–1.0, 0.57–0.80 and 14.2–100.90 mg kg–1 for As, Cu, Mn, Ni, …

Mathematical Analysis Of Harvested Predator-Prey System With Prey Refuge And Intraspecific Competition, Alanus Mapunda, Thadei Sagamiko

Tanzania Journal of Science

In this paper, a predator-prey relationship in the presence of prey refuge was studied. The analysis of the dependence of locally stable equilibrium points on the parameters of the problem was carried out. Bifurcation and limit cycles for the model were analyzed to show the dynamical behaviour of the system. The results showed that the system is stable at a constant prey refuge m = 0.3 and prey harvesting rate H = 0.3. However, increasing m and decreasing H or vice versa, the predator-prey system remains stable. It was further observed that for a constant prey refuge m ≥ 0.78, …

Determination Of 40k, 226ra And 228ra Concentrations With Dose Rates In Crayfish From Ode Omi River And Radiological Implications To The Consumers, Olusegun Sowole, Qasim Abolanle Adeniji, Muyideen O Olagunju

Tanzania Journal of Science

Natural radionuclides such as 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra are found naturally in water and sediments of rivers, likewise in soils. They are transferred to aquatic animals through ingestion. Radioactivity concentrations and dose rates of 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra in crayfish species from Ode Omi River in coastal region, Ogun State Southwest of Nigeria were determined by gamma spectrometry using NaI (TI) detector coupled with a pre-amplifier base to a multiple channel analyzer (MCA). 15 samples of crayfish were collected. Cherax tenuimanus had the highest mean concentration and dose rate of values 106.87 ± 9.11 Bq kg–1 and 0.00960 mGy hr–1 …

Synthesis And Antimicrobial Activities Of Some New Sulfonyl Phenoxides, Oluwaseyi B Ovonramwen, Bodunde J Owolabi, Abiodun Falodun

Tanzania Journal of Science

Four new sulfonyl phenoxides were synthesized through O-sulfonylation reaction of phenolic compounds with 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methylimidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride in good yield. FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT 135 NMR were carried out to characterize and the thin layer chromatography (TLC) confirm the purity. Antimicrobial activities of the sulfonyl phenoxides against Gram-positive (methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae), and Candida albicans were carried out using the standard microbiological method. The antimicrobial activities were referenced to ciprofloxacin and itraconazole, antibacterial and antifungal drug respectively. The in vitro antimicrobial studies of 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl(4-chloro-3-methyl)phenoxide and 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl-2-methylphenoxide showed moderate activity …

Assessment Of The Quality And Quantity Of Organic Matter In The Rufiji Mangrove Surface Sediments Using Biochemical Composition, Daniel A Shilla

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study was carried out to investigate spatial changes in the quality and quantity of sedimentary organic matter in the Rufiji mangrove system, Tanzania. Sediment samples were collected from three sampling sites. Total organic matter in mangrove sediments ranged from 7.28 ± 2.02% to 10.58 ± 1.34%. Protein concentrations varied from 1,145.33 ± 20.33 μg/g to 2,747.50 ± 25.14 μg/g in the mangrove sediments. Total carbohydrates, lipids and biopolymeric carbon in mangrove sediments ranged between 1,110.50 ± 16.31 μg/g and 1,914.17 ± 27.79 μg/g, 1,436.50 ± 24.13 μg/g and 6,373.50 ± 25.79 μg/g, and 4,496 μg C/g and 10,231.50 μg …

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment And Site Analyses Of Arusha International Conference Centre (Aicc), Arusha, Tanzania, Richard W Ferdinand

Tanzania Journal of Science

This work presents the evaluation of earthquake resistance of the Arusha International Conference Centre (AICC) complex, in Tanzania. The evaluation included probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) and site response analysis. Seismic sources considered to constitute a seismic hazard in this study were randomly occurring seismicity located within five tectonic provinces around the site. For each province the seismic hazard is based on a cursory analysis of earthquake data from compiled ESARSWG bulletins and temporary deployed networks within the North Tanzania Divergence (NTD). Bedrock response signal together with the information of material characteristics from boreholes around the AICC site were used …

Investigation Of Some Factors Associated With Utilization Of Maternal Health Care Services By Adolescent Mothers In Tanzania, Elia Magwaja, Jacqueline Minja, Majige Selemani Budeba, Rocky R.J. Akarro

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study examined some factors associated with the utilization of maternal health care servicesby adolescent mothers (15-19 years) in Tanzania in order to provide advice accordingly. The studyused cross-sectional study of adolescent mothers aged 15-19 years using Demographic HealthSurvey and Malaria indicator Survey 2015/16 data. The dependent variables were number ofantenatal care visits, the place where an adolescent mother delivered and post-natal checkup(adolescent mother’s health checking after being discharged or after a home delivery). Theindependent variables were birth order, education level of a mother, marital status of a mother,media exposure, wealth index, distance to health facility. Multiple binary logistic regression …

Amending Traditional Substrate Rice Straw With Agroforestry Tree Foliage Increases Production Cycle And Nutritional Value Of Pleurotus Floridanus, Samora M Andrew, John R Mbwambo

Tanzania Journal of Science

The recent heightened attention on mushrooms has not considered shortening the production time and increasing nutritional value using substrates from agroforestry trees in addition to traditionally used agro-industrial residues. This study therefore, examined harvesting time, protein and essential minerals of Pleurotus floridanus grown on rice straw amended with Gliricidia sepium foliage in Morogoro, Tanzania. Mushrooms were cultivated in 30 x 40 cm 4 kg dry weight polythene bags in randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment. Results showed that the addition of 5% G. sepium into rice straw reduced total time between spawning and first harvest of P. floridanus. Gliricidia sepium …

Effects Of Xanthan Gum On Rheological Properties Of Aloe Vera-Moringa Leaf Juice Blends, Victor V Matabura, Leonard Mp Rweyemamu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Understanding the impacts of hydrocolloid agents on the rheological properties of nutraceutical beverages like Aloe vera-moringa juice blend is very useful for functional properties and product stability. To this end, the effects of xanthan gum on rheological properties in Aloe vera-moringa leaf juice blends were investigated using a Brookfield rheometer. Aloe vera-moringa leaf juice blends were prepared and then incorporated with xanthan gum at different ratios (w/w) of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%. The results revealed that the viscosity of Aloe vera-moringa juice blend was strongly affected by the xanthan gum addition. The viscosity profiles depicted a decreasing trend …

Screening Of Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi In Maize And Groundnuts From Three Regions In Tanzania, Kusiluka Agape, Valence Mk Ndesendo, Sartaz Begum

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study screened aflatoxin-producing fungi in maize and groundnuts from Dodoma, Singida and Iringa regions in Tanzania, and assessed the level of peoples’ awareness on aflatoxins health effects. One hundred and twenty samples (20 each crop) were collected and inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and one hundred and eleven samples were observed to have fungal growths that were identified to belong to four genera, namely Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor and Dermatophyte with occurrence frequencies of 75, 2.5, 5 and 10%, respectively. Among the four screened genera of fungi, Aspergillus was observed to be the major aflatoxin-producing fungi. Five species of genus …

Pathological Scanning Of Ochratoxigenic Moulds Impaired Feed In Vivo, Towards Conceptualizing Their Reverberations On Different Organs, Benjamin T Thomas, Omolara D Popoola, Moses O Efuntoye, Mercy O Coker, Ahmed O Tajudeen

Tanzania Journal of Science

The role of ochratoxigenic moulds in causing several invasive diseases has been documented but little is known about the effects of these ochratoxigenic moulds contaminated feeds in a laboratory control experiment. This study therefore, examined the pathological effects of ochratoxigenic moulds contaminated feed in order to understand their reverberations on different organs. Thirty two albino rats were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments (T) with eight rats per treatment (T1, T2, T3 and T4). T1 and T2 were female and male control rats, respectively that were fed normal feed, while T3 and T4 were male and female experimental rats that …

Bacterial Growth Inhibitory Effects Of Calotropis Procera’S Latex, Leaves And Roots Extracts, Marco Baluhya, Charles O Joseph

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial potential of water and ethanolic extracts from Calotropis procera roots, leaves and latex. The growth inhibitory effects of the extracts were tested against Escherichia coli using disc diffusion method. Amoxicillin was used as positive control, whereas ethanol and distilled water were used as negative controls. Results showed that water extracts from root, latex and leaves had 3.27 ± 0.14, 3.1 ± 0.21 and 2.38 ± 0.24 cm of maximum inhibition zones, while the ethanolic extracts showed 2.91 ± 0.19, 3.02 ± 0.16 and 0.84 ± 0.31 cm, respectively of maximum inhibition …

Application Of Optimal Control To Tuberculosis Model With Parameter Estimations: Bayesian Approach, Goodluck M Mlay, Alfred K Hugo

Tanzania Journal of Science

In this paper, one-strain tuberculosis (TB) model with two control mechanisms, education campaigns and chemoprophylaxis of TB-infected patients, was studied to determine their effects on the reduction of latent and active TB cases. In the case of analysis, boundedness and positivity of the model solutions were carried out to determine the biological feasibility of the study. Besides, the calibration of the parameters by utilizing the identifiability technique through the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) was thoroughly analysed. The optimum conditions for controlling TB were derived from the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. The numerical simulations were carried out using the forward-back sweep …

Variations In The Effects Caused By Magnetic Field On Chlorophyll, Nitrogen, Calcium, And Iron Contents In Species Of Vegetable Plants, Olusegun O. Alabi, Samuel O. Sedara, Kafayat Adeyemi, Felix Oladejo, Funmilayo Ayedun

Tanzania Journal of Science

The rates of reduction in chlorophyll and nutrients such as nitrogen, calcium and iron with the distance or range of source of Magnetic Field (MF) had not been considered. In this work, patterns of damage or reduction caused by a magnetic field on two different species of vegetables were studied. The first group was planted in an environment without the influence of MF, while the second group was subjected to high MF under the 330 kV electric lines. The magnetometer was used to measure the MF intensities. The chlorophyll content of each vegetable sample was determined on the field with …

Spatial Distribution Patterns Of The Populations Of Two Subterranean Termites (Blattodea: Termitidae) In Eucalyptus (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) Plantations, Olaniyi T Alamu, Francis K Ewete, Ayangbade E Ayandokun, John A Ete

Tanzania Journal of Science

The study was conducted in Afaka, Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to determine the spatial distribution patterns of the populations of Ancistrotermes sp. and Microtermes sp. in Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh, Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, Eucalyptus cloeziana F. and Eucalyptus tereticornis Muell plantations. Spatial distributions patterns of the two termite species populations were determined using indices such as ratios of population variance to mean, Lloyd’s index, Green coefficient, Taylor power and Iwao’s regression models. The values of variance to mean ratios, Lloyd’s index and Green coefficient showed that the populations of both termite species had aggregated distribution pattern in all the Eucalyptus …

Surface-Eroding Drug Delivery Films For Sequential And/Or Intermittent Release Of Psychoactive Drugs, Jason Price

Honors Theses

ABSTRACT JASON BLAKE PRICE: Surface-Eroding Drug Delivery Films for Sequential and/or

Intermittent Release of Psychoactive Drugs For patients with psychiatric diseases, adherence to medication schedules, medication

errors, and abuse are common issues. Promising new forms of therapy for these patients, such as micro-dosed lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), where patients receive 10-20% of a full dose every third day, present further drug delivery challenges. Sequential or intermittent release of drugs from an implanted device could ensure long-term drug compliance, automate drug dosing during the life of the implant, and eliminate potential for abuse and medication errors. To this end, we generated …

Otto Warburg And His Contributions To The Screw Pine Family (Pandanaceae), Martin W. Callmander, Robert Vogt, Anna Donatelli, Sven Buerki, Chiara Nepi

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Otto Warburg (1859–1938) had a great interest in tropical botany. He travelled in South-East Asia and the South Pacific between 1885 and 1889 and brought back a considerable collection of plant specimens from this expedition later donated to the Royal Botanical Museum in Berlin. Warburg published the first comprehensive monograph on the family Pandanaceae in 1900 in the third issue of Das Pflanzenreich established and edited by Adolf Engler (1844–1930). The aim of this article is to clarify the taxonomy, nomenclature and typification of Warburg's contributions to the Pandanaceae. Considerable parts of Warburg's original material was destroyed in Berlin …

Presence Of Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (Adcc) Against Sars-Cov-2 In Covid-19 Plasma, For Yue Tso, Salum J. Lidenge, Lisa K. Poppe, Phoebe B. Pena, Sara R. Privatt, Sydney J. Bennett, John R. Ngowi, Julius Mwaiselage, Michael Belshan, Jacob A. Siedlik, Morgan A. Raine, Juan B. Ochoa, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Bobby Nossaman, Lyndsey Buckner, W Mark Roberts, Matthew J. Dean, Augusto C. Ochoa, John T. West, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Background Neutralizing-antibody (nAb) is the major focus of most ongoing COVID-19 vaccine trials. However, nAb response against SARS-CoV-2, when present, decays rapidly. Given the myriad roles of antibodies in immune responses, it is possible that antibodies could also mediate protection against SARS-CoV-2 via effector mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which we sought to explore here. Methods Plasma of 3 uninfected controls and 20 subjects exposed to, or recovering from, SARS CoV-2 infection were collected from U.S. and sub-Saharan Africa. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in the plasma samples. SARS-CoV-2 specific …

The Pesticide Residue Level Of Watermelon In Xinjiang Main Producing Area And Its Difference Evaluation, Zhang Yan-Ming, Ma-He-Ba-Li Tuo-Hu-Ta-Er-Han, Shen Qi, Wang Cheng, Tao Yong-Xia

Food and Machinery

In this study, 237 watermelon samples from 19 counties and cities (A-S) in Xinjiang were taken as research objects, and 60 pesticide residues in the samples were investigated and analyzed. On this basis, pesticide residues and pollution levels in each producing area were evaluated through single pollution index, Nemero comprehensive pollution index, and acute and chronic dietary risk. The detection rate of 15 pesticide residues was 46.84%. Pyrimethanil, amidine and carbendazim were the main pesticide residues, accounting for more than 10%. 7 and 2 samples of grade II pollution (relatively safe) were collected from E city and D county, 1 …