Digital Commons Network^™

The Significance Of Alternative Techniques In Biomedical Research: An Analysis Of Nobel Prize Awards, Martin Stephens

Experimentation Collection

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Early Experience Upon Adaptiveness Of Horses, J. C. Heird, R. W. Bell, S. G. Brazier

Equines Collection

Experimentation with laboratory animals, encompassing the range of usual species (mice, rats, cats, clogs, and primates), has conclusively demonstrated that handling by humans during early life facilitates subsequent development in terms of health and viability, reduced emotional reactivity, more adaptive responses to a variety of stressors (both biological and behavioral adaptations), and increased ability to adapt to changing circumstances as exemplified by increased ability to learn and solve problems (seeM. Bornstein 1985, for recent review).

Two studies (described below) (Heircl et a!. 1981; Whitaker 1982) conducted at Texas Tech University (TTU) have extended these findings regarding the beneficial effects of …

Wildlife Conservation And Animal Rights: Are They Compatible?, Michael Hutchins, Christen Wemmer

Conservation Collection

The purpose of this paper is to explore the philosophical tenets of the animal rights/humane ethic as they relate to the environmental ethic and, more specifically, as they relate to wildlife management and conservation. The two ethics will be compared in an effort to identify potential sources of conflict. Recent criticisms of the animal rights ethic, most notably by Fox (1978, 1979), Rodman (1977), Callicott (1980), Gunn (1980), and Hutchins et al. (1982) have identified several major discrepancies. The implications of these differences will be discussed.

Socialized Vs. Unsocialized Wolves (Canis Lupus) In Experimental Research, Harry Frank, Linda M. Hasselbach, Dawn M. Littleton

Experimentation Collection

In the experimental setting human contact is both more frequent and more intimate than in observational research, and the issue therefore assumes even greater importance. The present paper discusses two experimental studies of wolf information processing, one of which was conducted with unsocialized animals and one of which was conducted with socialized animals, and examines the both the management and methodological consequences of these approaches.

Social Ecology And Behavior Of Coyotes, Marc Bekoff, Michael C. Wells

Ethology Collection

Behavioral patterns are subject to natural selection and behavior like any other attributes of an animal, which contributes to individual survival. The chapter summarizes a long-term study of coyotes that was conducted in the Grand Teton National Park, in the northwest comer of Wyoming. There is remarkable agreement in the results stemming from a limited number of field projects concerned with the social behavior and behavioral ecology of coyotes, and some general principles concerning social ecology, scent marking, predatory behavior, time budgeting, and reproductive and care-giving patterns can be developed that are applicable not only to coyotes but to many …

A Pivotal Year For Lab Animal Welfare, Constance Holden

Popular Press Items

Tighter regulations, higher costs, and refined methodologies likely to lead to decreased animal use

Hunting And The Evolution Of Human Intelligence: An Alternative View, Maxine Sheets-Johnstone

Intelligence Collection

No abstract provided.

Alternative To Current Uses Of Animals In Research, Safety Testing, And Education: A Layman's Guide, Martin L. Stephens

eBooks

No abstract provided.

Ua35/11 Student Honors Research Bulletin, Wku Honors Program

WKU Administration Documents

The WKU Student Honors Research Bulletin is dedicated to scholarly involvement and student research. These papers are representative of work done by students from throughout the university.

• Padilla, Anne. First and Second Language Acquisition: A Comparison
• Scott, Angela. Salted and Unsalted Snacks: Taste Preferences of Second Grade Students in a Rural Area School
• Fuqua, Nancy. Acceptance by High School Students of Muffins Containing Supplemental Soy Polysaccharides
• Mans, Glee. Preference Levels of High School Freshmen for Four Cheese Food Products
• Denney, Pam. Consumer Acceptance of UHT Choclate Lowfat Milk
• Harris, Carla. Jacques-Louis David: Raphael of the Sansculottes
• Vaughn, James. Corporate Reorganization …

Wilderness And Natural Areas In The Eastern United States: A Management Challenge, David Kulhavy, Richard N. Conner

Faculty Publications

"The purpose of this symposium is not to debate either the concept of wilderness or the amount of wilderness appropriate for the United States. These are not debatable issues for present purposes. The Congress has spoken twice. The Wilderness Act of 1964 (PL 88-577) and the amendments of 1975, known as the "Eastern Wilderness Act" (PL 93-622), both set-aside existing areas as wilderness and established procedures for consideration of additions to the wilderness system. The purpose of this symposium is to consider the management of wilderness areas over time. In a very real sense, if those areas established as wilderness …

Iowa Academy Of Science Directory, 1986-87: Officers, Committees, And Membership Roster, Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

Contents:

Board of Directors ... 4
Program Directors ... 5
Section Chairs ... 6
Section Vice Chairs ... 9
Committees ... 12
Award Recipients ... 29
Past Presidents ... 31
Membership Roster ... 32
Constitution and Bylaws ... 43
Editors ... 54
Meeting Dates ... 55

Interactions Between Response Stereotypy And Memory Strategies On The Eight-Arm Radial Maze, Robert H.I. Dale, Nancy K. Innis

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Three groups of water-deprived rats collected water from the ends of the 8 arms of an 8-arm radial maze. Sighted subjects, and subjects blinded either with or without pre-enucleation experience on the radial maze, all retrieved the water efficiently. Most of the subjects exhibited the same response stereotypy, regularly choosing 8 adjacent arms of the maze, then stopping in the center of the maze. The strategies underlying this performance were analyzed by interrupting trials and rotating the maze 180° after the subject had made 3 choices. Sighted subjects depended on extramaze stimuli, naive-blind subjects depended on intramaze stimuli and experienced-blind …

Spatial And Temporal Response Patterns On The Eight-Arm Radial Maze, Robert H.I. Dale

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Six maze-experienced hooded rats were timed during five trials on which they collected water from all arms of an eight-arm radial maze, then made five more choices. All subjects frequently exhibited a “task-completion pause:” The subjects rarely spent more than 1 sec in the center of the maze between choices until they had entered all eight arms, then stopped in the center of the maze. In contrast, the time spent in each arm gradually increased until all of the water had been obtained, then decreased slightly. Four subjects began every trial by choosing eight consecutive adjacent arms. The task-completion pause …

G86-772 Using Options To Follow A Rising Market, Lynn H. Lutgen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This is number five in a series of six NebGuides on Agricultural Options. It discusses how to use the options market effectively to protect us from our own emotions.

An interesting aspect of marketing is psychological. Many people make a mental decision to market grain when a specific price is reached. However, when the market begins to trend upward and hits that imaginary price level, the farmer previously facing low prices is 1) optimistic for even higher prices, and 2) wants to obtain the highest possible price to offset losses incurred during low prices. What generally happens is 1) no …

Passion For Sexual Pleasure, The Measurement Of Selection, And Prospects For Eugenics: Commentary On "Social Versus Reproductive Success" By Daniel Vining, Carl J. Bajema

Other Scholarly Publications

No abstract provided.

Founders And Presidents Of The Nebraska Academy Of Sciences, 1880-1986, C. Bertrand Schultz

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The Nebraska Academy of Sciences is the oldest interdisciplinary scientific organization in Nebraska and one of the oldest and most successful state academies in the United States. It was founded in Omaha on January 30, 1880, and there were seventy-five Charter Members from eighteen communities.

The Union Pacific Railroad officials and employees provided much of the impetus for the establishment of an Academy of Sciences in Nebraska by providing office space and meeting rooms near the Union Pacific headquarters. Railroad passes were issued to all science teachers, professional scientists, and interested citizens to attend monthly meetings. Five of the officers …

Stress And Anxiety Levels Of Exercising Versus Sedentary Male Adults, Michael James Hanley

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare stress and anxiety levels of exercising and sedentary male adults at Eastern Illinois University in Charleston, Illinois.

Forty-four male adults were selected as subjects for the study. Thirty-two subjects were chosen from an Adult Fitness group and comprised the exercising group. The sedentary group, chosen at random, consisted of twelve staff members who were not currently in a regular exercise program.

The Anxiety Scale Questionnaire developed by the Institute for Personality and Ability Testing (IPAT) was used. Using a provided answer key, a raw score was obtained for each participant. Raw scores …

The Effects Of Health Related Feedback On A Smoking Cessation Maintenance Program, Janice A. Blalock

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The present study investigated the effectiveness of health related feedback as a positive reinforcer of abstinence from smoking during the 11 week period following cessation. Fifty-three subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) maintenance program plus health related feedback (MF), (b) maintenance program only (M) and, (c) discussion control (D). All groups received an aversive treatment for smoking after which the MP group received coping skills raining and several forms of health related feedback, the M group received coping skills training only, and the D group received discussion. Groups did not differ significantly in abstinence at each …

Transactions Of The Nebraska Academy Of Sciences Volume Xiv (1986): Table Of Contents

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Officers, Policy Committee .......... ii

Editorial Board, Instruction to Contributors .......... iv

Membership Objectives and Friends of the Academy .......... v

Founders and Presidents of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, 1880-1986 (C. Bertrand Schultz) .......... 1

Earth Sciences

Preliminary biostratigraphy of the White River Group (Oligocene, Chadron and Brule formations) in the vicinity of Chadron, Nebraska (Eric Paul Gustafson) .......... 7

Insectivora (Mammalia) from the Miocene (Hemingfordian) of western Nebraska (Gregg E. Ostrander) .......... 21

Carnivores of the Railway Quarries Local Fauna (Robert L. Evander) .......... 25

Pleistocene Phenacomys from Kansas with remarks on other fossil …

A Presentation Of The Self-Organizing Paradigm; Speculation On Its Impact On Health, Gail Dahl Schomaker

Theses

This thesis explores the emergence of a new paradigm in understanding health, grounded in the scientific principles of self-organization and systems theory. Gail Dahl Schomaker presents a comprehensive examination of the shift from the traditional Newtonian mechanical worldview to the dynamic, process-oriented perspective rooted in the theory of dissipative structures as formulated by Ilya Prigogine. Central to this new worldview is the conceptualization of living organisms, including humans, as open systems that maintain and increase order through continual interaction with their environment.

The paper is structured to introduce key theoretical models from systems theory, cybernetics, and holistic health, progressively building …

Childhood Lead Poisoning, Raj P. Warrier, Jan Waisanen, Sam R. Kottamasu, Sayeed Sultana, K. Ratnakar Kini, William L. Kestenberg, John Strauthers, Craig Foreback

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Although lead encephalopathy is rare, lead intoxication continues to be a significant problem in Detroit. Neuropsychological effects may occur even at low levels of lead. Since treatment of lead poisoning consists of a painful series of injections, it is imperative that more attention be given to the prevention of this disease. To confirm the magnitude of the problems, our experience with lead poisoning during a three-year period at Henry Ford Hospital's Pediatric Department is reviewed.

The Fat's In The Fire: [Dr. Jules Hirsch], Fulvio Bardossi, Judith N. Schwartz

Rockefeller University Research Profiles

Rockefeller University Research Profiles are a series of scientific profiles that were published quarterly, from 1980-1990, by the Rockefeller University. Each issue features the research and achievements of an individual Rockefeller University scientist.

Bacchus In The Laboratory: In Defense Of Scientific Puns, Scott F. Gilbert

Biology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

The Hippocampus As Episodic Encoder: Does It Play Tag?, Robert H.I. Dale

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Rawlins’s characterization of the hippocampus as a “high-capacity, immediate-term memory store” captures the essential idea in a number of previous models. For example, Gaffan (1974), Gray (1984), Hirsh (1980), Kesner (Bierley, Kesner & Novak 1983), Olton (Olton, Becker & Handelmann 1979), Solomon (1980), and Winocur (1980) all agree that hippocampal animals show memory deficits when required to identify, for whatever reason, one specific event out of a list of recent events. Although these authors disagree on a number of details, Rawlins has identified their models common ground, the core of each model. (It is only fair to note that Gaffan …

Communication Networks And The Adoption Of Three Farn Practices, P. W. Fry, F. K. Goss

All other publications

The report commences with a discussion of the diffusion and adoption model, and illustrates some of the research observations and practical outcomes that have emerged in recent years, An overview of social network research is presented as a means of understanding communication exchanges and providing data relevant to the diffusion debate. The communication and adoption studies are then reported in three separate sections in the order they were conducted. (A map of the location of the survey areas is shown in Figure I ) . The objectives, survey method, results and a summary are presented for each study.

A background …

Color Vision In The Bovine, B. John Gilbert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Eight heifers were trained using operant conditioning to press a plate to receive a feed reward. Different wavelengths of light were presented as correct and incorrect stimuli. Positive and negative responses to the stimuli were registered electronically. Daily sessions of 17 minutes were conducted in a chamber with external light being excluded.

The duration of the stimulus was fixed at 17 seconds after which stimuli were randomly presented. Only presses on the plate when the correct stimulus was presented were reinforced with feed. A 75% correct choice was the criterion used as acceptable discrimination.

Ratios of correct to incorrect responses …

The Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science April 26-27, 1985 [Program, 97th Meeting], Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

Program Contents:

Program Summary --- 4
Symposia Programs --- 10
Video Film Festival --- 15
Poster Papers --- 16
Campus Map --- Centerfold
Section Programs --- 18
Agricultural Sciences --- 18
Anthropology --- 21
Biotechnology --- 22
Botany --- 23
Chemical Education --- 28
Chemistry Inorganic --- 29
Chemistry, Organic --- 30
Conservation --- 32
Engineering --- 33
Geology --- 37
Linguistics --- 37
Nursing --- 38
Physics --- 39
Physiology --- 40
Psychology --- 41
Science Teaching --- 43
Zoology --- 44

Alternatives To Aversive Procedures With Animals In The Psychology Teaching Setting, Jeffrey A. Kelly

Experimentation Collection

In this paper, we will consider the treatment of laboratory animals in psychology instruction and will focus on practical alternatives to traditional practices that cause pain and distress to animals. While the discussion will draw on psychology for examples, many of the issues apply equally to the instruction of students in other courses of study, including medicine, veterinary medicine, biology, and physiology.

Three Blind Mice, See How They Run: A Critique Of Behavioral Research With Animals, Michael A. Giannelli

Experimentation Collection

Animal research has been a traditionally accepted and respected part of modern psychology from its earliest days. The prevalent view of animals in contemporary psychology has origins far more basic than the scientific method. Its roots are deeply imbedded in Judaeo-Christian culture, a tradition which postulates a wide gulf between humankind and the animal world. The Darwinian revolution and the ethological outlook it fostered, while of immense biological significance, has for the most part been neglected by modern American comparative psychologists in favor of a positivistic-behaviorist orientation with a heavy reliance upon laboratory experimentation.

In recent years, opposition to animal …

Animal Pain, Bernard E. Rollin

Experimentation Collection

Some time ago, I received a telephone call from an eminent primatologist asking me to give the keynote address at a scientific seminar on animal pain. My first response was to express surprise that they were inviting a philosopher. His reply was remarkable, if only for its rarity among scientists: "The truly interesting and important issues concerning pain in animals are not scientific ones," he said. "They are moral, philosophical, and conceptual ones. And the total failure of science to engage or even acknowledge these issues discredits biomedical science and weakens its conceptual base." I hope to show you that …