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Bulletin No. 176 - Potato Improvement By Hill Selection, George Stewart

UAES Bulletins

Potatoes are such an important food and are grown on so many farms in Utah that any method of permanently improving the crop is highly desirable. Commercial producers can of course capitalize any practical method of potato improvement.

This field of experimentation is not new, for many workers have attempted to improve the potato crop by selection. Success, however, has been neither uniform nor always appreciable; many of the experiments were of short duration, and many were not conducted on a sufficiently large scale to be good tests. It is apparent from this meager statement that the possibilities" of potato …

Annual Report Of The Extension Division For The Year Ending June 30, 1920, C. Larsen, I. B. Johnson, W. F. Kumlien, W. W. Underwood, Harry J. Boyts, H. E. Dawes, Paul J. Scarbro, A. L. Haynes, Irene Dunne, Selma Rongstad, Geo H. Valentine, M. R. Benedict, J. C. Holmes, Ralph L. Patty, F. E. Mccall, G. S. Weaver, Manley Champlin, A. L. Ford

SDSU Extension Circulars

The past year has been filled with unusual activity and interest along the different phases of agricultural extension work. The demand for the services of the different extension workers has greatly increased, so much so that it has become a problem as to how their time may be best assigned to accomplish the most.
Extension work is based upon cooperation. The counties, state, and government cooperate in finding the problems and in solving them. Some of these agricultural and rural problems may be solved in the local community; others need the assistance of the whole county; other problems, again, are …

Circular No. 43 - Feeding Work Horses, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

The intelligent feeding of the work horses of the State of Utah would save each year thousands of dollars in feed and prevent sickness and death of hundreds of horses.

In Circular 32 of this station a brief discussion is given of some of the more theoretical aspects of the feeding of farm animals as they might apply in general to all classes of livestock. Consideration is given to such questions as the composition and digestibility of feeds, the uses to which the digested portions are put in the animal body, the calculation and balancing of rations, how to judge …

Septic Tank For Sewage Disposal On The Farm, Ralph L. Patty

SDSU Extension Circulars

The purpose of this little circular is to show the plan for constructing an efficient and inexpensive septic tank for the disposal of sewage from the farm home. If properly installed, this tank will need no attention whatsoever except the removal of the greater part of the sludge every three or four years. If a larger plan for the tank is desired, it may be obtained in blueprint form for five cents (to cover the cost of the blue print paper) by addressing the Extension Division of the South Dakota State College, Brookings, S. Dak.

A Serviceable Farm Barn, Ralph L. Patty

SDSU Extension Circulars

There is a great demand for the plan of a general barn suitable for a South Dakota farm of from a quarter to a half section of land. Not only are old buildings being replaced but a very great number of larger tracts are being divided into separate farms, and entire sets of new buildings are being erected. These facts, more than any others, probably account for the large number of requests received by the Extension Division for such a plan. The plan presented in this circular is what we believe will best meet this need.

Freezing Injury Of Seed Corn, Theodore A. Kiesselbach, J. A. Ratcliff

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Research Bulletin No. 16
The University of Nebraska Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Nebraska

Summary • Introduction • Character of corn embryo and process of germination • Freezing injury not due to arrested development of the embryo • Moisture content of corn • Old corn • New corn • Physical effects of freezing • Ice formation in kernels • Effect of freezing on color of embryo • Effect of freezing on embryonic tissues • Chemical effects of freezing • Probable cause of death from freezing • Historical review • Crushing of plant tissues or rupturing of cell structures …

Freezing Injury Of Seed Corn, T. A. Kiesselbach, J. A. Ratcliff

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The object of the investigations in this bulletin has been to determine the conditions under which freezing injury may occur to seed corn; to indicate, if possible, the vital changes in the embryo resulting in such injury; and to point out ways by which seed corn of strong vitality and satisfactory yielding capacity may be obtained.

Farm Building Ventilation, Ralph L. Patty

SDSU Extension Circulars

This circular is a reply to an ever-increasing number of inquiries about the ventilation of farm buildings received by the Extension Division. The plans show how satisfactory homemade ventilating systems can be installed. Complete commercial systems may also be secured today that give good satisfaction.

Bulletin No. 172 - The Value Of Barnyard Manure On Utah Soils, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

New countries rarely appreciate the value of barnyard manure. It is not until the soil begins to be depleted of its fertility and the yield of crops begins to decline that manure is given the attention that its value justifies. In new countries it is not uncommon to see manure hauled into a rut in the road or left in scattered heaps along the roadside or the ditch bank. Often a year's accumulation of manure is drawn out of the barn or corral in scrapers and added to a pile containing the accumulation of previous years.

Bulletin No. 173 - The Duty Of Water In Cache Valley, Utah, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

The greater part of this bulletin is devoted to a report of experiments on the relation of the amount of irrigation water applied to the yield of crops. As the agriculture of Utah develops, it becomes more obvious each year that the chief factors limiting the production of crops is irrigation water. It is desirable, therefore, to have available all possible information on the subject. Water is so scarce that none should be wasted either directly or by attempting to spread it over so much land that it is not economically applied. Wasteful extravagance on the one hand and undue …

A Suggested Farm Entrance Sign For Advertising Purposes, Ralph L. Patty, Geo A. Starring

SDSU Extension Circulars

With the great increase in the number of farmers who are adopting names for their farmsteads, there is an accompanying desire for the erection of appropriate sign boards, entrance signs, or other devices of advertising value. The accompanying sketch and working plan are intended to show what may be done with ordinary building materials in erecting a sign that has good lines. Farmers who contemplate the putting up of two posts and a straight cross board may find in this suggestion something worthwhile. If the sign is worth erecting at all, why not put up one that is attractive? Many …

Bulletin No. 171 - Alfalfa Seed Growing And The Weather: With Particular Reference To Conditions In Utah, J. Cecil Alter

UAES Bulletins

The demand for alfalfa seed has far outrun domestic production. Since the labor and expense of producing the crop are light, and the profits attractive in favorable years, a desire is manifest wherever alfalfa is grown, to save a crop for seed whenever the meteorological elements favor its setting and maturing. Climate is generally acknowledged to be the limiting factor in alfalfa seed production, and the current weather the major factor affecting the yearly yields.

Circular No. 41 - Soil Alkali, F. S. Harris

UAES Circulars

The farmer of the West is likely to be very much upset at the mention of alkali, mineral, or salt, in connection with his land. These various names are applied to a condition which he usually knows little about except that it is bad. The exact nature of the substances called by these names and the character of the injuy caused by them are very vague in his mind; but he knows that he wants nothing to do with alkali if he can help it.

The prevalence of alkali throughout the arid parts of the world makes it impossible for …

The Nebraska Tractor Law And Rules For Official Tractor Tests, L. W. Chase, E. E. Brackett, O. W. Sjogren, C. K. Shedd

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

The Nebraska Tractor Law, which became effective July 15, 1919, was enacted to encourage the manufacture and sale of improved types of tractors and to contribute to a more successful use of the tractor for farming. It was thought that the best method of accomplishing these objects would be to require a tractor of each model sold in the State to be tested at the State University and to have the results of these tests made public. These tests will give reliable information on the power, capacity and fuel consumption of each tractor and also some information on endurance. The …

Fusarium Blight Of The Soy Bean And The Relation Of Various Factors To Infection, Richard O. Cromwell

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

An investigation was outlined (1) to determine the parasitism of Fusarium on soy bean, (2) to establish its relationship to Fusaria of the section Elegans in so far as a comparison of the cultural characters permitted, and (3) by means of cross- inoculations and field studies to determine the relationship of this disease of soy beans to the wilt disease of cowpeas (Vigna sinensis Hassk.) caused by Fusarium tracheiphilum Smith. The results of these investigations up to the close of the summer of 1916 have been reported. The studies were continued at the North Carolina Experiment Station until the …

Dairy Barn And Milk House Arrangement, J. H. Frandsen, W. B. Nevens

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

From an economic point of view, as well as from the standpoint of animal comfort, it is highly desirable that adequate barn or shed facilities be provided for the dairy herd. Some farmers have developed the idea that to keep cows healthy and comfortable and to produce sanitary milk it is absolutely necessary to have expensive barns. As a matter of fact, many of the dairy barns where sanitation is the primary object are quite inexpensive. On the other hand, if the barn is conveniently arranged and made to embody the most accepted sanitary features, it is very essential that …

Bulletin No. 170 - A Study Of Methods Of Determining Soil Alkali, D. W. Pittman

UAES Bulletins

There is a great lack of uniformity in the methods of testing soils for alkali salts and in the forms of expressing the results in a way that will show the relative toxicity of the salts. This has been pointed out by numerous investigators and has been shown to complicate the determinations so much that the results of different investigators are hardly comparable. It is of further disadvantage in that the toxic limits of an alkali as worked out by one system of analysis are often difficultly applicable to a soil that has been tested by another system. However, it …

Bulletin No. 169 - The Use Of Alkali Water For Irrigation, F. S. Harris, N. I. Butt

UAES Bulletins

Because of the scanty rainfall of arid regions, the soluble materials in the rocks and soil are not leached out as they are where the rainfall is high. As a result, the accumulation of excessive quantities of soluble salts is likely to be a menace to arid soils. Farm practices must be directed toward preventing this condition.

Bulletin No. 168 - Relative Resistance Of Various Crops Ot Alkali, F. S. Harris, D. W. Pittman

UAES Bulletins

Plants show considerable variation in their resistance to soil alkali. Some varieties of native vegetation grow only where the salt content of the soil is high. Most of the cultivated plants, on the other hand, are injured very decidedly by the presence of large quantities of soluble salts. To this rule there are a few exceptions such as the date palm.

In most of the arid parts of the world there are sections where the presence of alkali is the chief limiting factor in crop growth. Millions of acres of land are in the border zone between complete freedom from …

Bulletin No. 167 - The Irrigation Of Oats, F. S. Harris, D. W. Pittman

UAES Bulletins

It is well known to farmers that the oat plant is more sensitive to the moisture condition of the soil than are many of the other farm crops. For this reason oats find favor as an irrigated crop, since under irrigation the supply of water can be so easily controlled.

In order to secure the best results, it becomes necessary to know as much as possible about the moisture requirements of the various crops that are to be irrigated. This is particularly true of oats on account of their sensitiveness. The farmer should know at which period in the life …

Farm Types In Nebraska, As Determined By Climatic, Soil, And Economic Factors, R. R. Spafford

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This bulletin treats chiefly of Nebraska agricultural areas as determined by climatic, soil, and economic factors. Most of the subject matter centers about the kind of farm crops grown and their yields. Cultural practices applied to crops are only incidentally considered. Most of the data used are from the Thirteenth Census of the United States and cover the crop year 1909. The small amount of data not derived from this source comes largely from field studies in this State and is used merely to support certain methods of treating census data.

Circular No. 36 - Practical Information On The Measurement Of Irrigation Water, O. W. Israelsen

UAES Circulars

The economical use of water in irrigation depends primarily on water measurement. That significant advantages, public and private, attend the measurement of water delivered to individual irrigators has long been recognized in older irrigated countries. The rapidly increasing utilization of Utah's available water supply, the consequent increase in its value, and the tendency on the newer canal systems to base the annual irrigation charges on the amount of water used make an understanding of the methods of water measurement an absolute necessity. Furthermore, many irrigators now realize that the vast store of information concerning the relations of water, soils, and …

Circular No. 34 - Sugar-Beet Production In Utah, F. S. Harris, N. I. Butt

UAES Circulars

Utah is one of the pioneers in the beet-sugar industry. The first sugar factory was brought into the State in 1852, but, like all the early attempts to produce sugar from beets in the United States, the enterprise was unsuccessful. In 1891 a factory was erected at Lehi when there were less than a half a dozen factories in the United States. From this time on Utah has been one of the few states of the Union important in the manufacture of beet sugar. Since soil, climate, irrigation, and labor conditions are favorable to the crop, it is probable that …

Circular No. 38 - Legislation Concerning Water-Rights, O. W. Israelsen

UAES Circulars

The proper utilization of the agricultural resources of the West is today of greater importance than ever before. It is estimated that not more than 10 per cent of the total area of the West can be irrigated when every drop of available water is economically utilized. In Utah alone there are approximately twelve million acres of arable land, only one million acres of which are now irrigated. Moreover, it is likely that the fullest development that can be made through the most economical use of the total water supply in Utah, will make possible the irrigation of only three …

Circular No. 39 - A Day At The Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, M. C. Merrill, O. W. Israelsen, Byron Alder

UAES Circulars

From the days when Indian chieftains with their hostile bands roamed the sagebrush areas of Utah down to the present, nature's forces have been subdued by many a daring and successful conquest thru the intelligence and unyielding perseverance of Utah's pioneers. Since its establishment, the energies of the Agricultural Experiment Station have been directed toward a continuance of this conquest.

Bulletin No. 165 - Labor Costs And Seasonal Distribution Of Labor On Irrigated Crops In Utah Valley, L. G. Connor

UAES Bulletins

This bulletin presents in tabular form the results of a detailed study of the labor cost of crop production, made in 1915. Principally in Utah Lake Valley, Utah, in connection with a study of farm management and farm profits in the Provo area, Utah Lake Valley. It is designed to bring out the weak as well as the strong points in the systems of farming followed. The seasonal distribution of labor is shown for each important crop and the times at which the different crops compete for labor are indicated. The bulletin is intended primarily for the use of farm …

Circular No. 32 - Feeding Farm Animals, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

Our oldest history tells us that in the beginning man was given dominion "over the cattle, and over all the earth." This was of course only potentially possible at first, and could not be realized until man developed and exercised his intelligence to this end. What, then, does it mean to have dominion over the cattle? Is this not merely to control them and direct their energies and productivity to the happiness of mankind? Surely this is so, and that man has greatest dominion who can control them most completely for the good of the race.

Circular No. 33 - A Method Of Feeding Orphan Lambs, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

One of the big preventable losses of the Western sheep business at the present time is the orphan lamb. There are a number of conditions, anyone of which may result in a motherless lamb; the ewe may die (this probably does not occur in a large number of cases) ; a mother may refuse to claim one of a pair of twins or even a single lamb; mother and lamb may become separated by the ordinary moving about of the band of ewes and the ewe thereby loses the scent of the lamb.

The careful shepherd soon detects the orphans, …

Bulletin No. 164 - Factors Affecting The Depth Of Sowing Various Crops, F. S. Harris, H. J. Maughan

UAES Bulletins

Probably no agricultural practice varies more than the depth to which seeds are sown. Some farmers pay very little attention to depth, but simply allow the seed to be placed where the drill happens to penetrate. The percentage germination of the seed as well as the vigor of the young plants is without doubt influenced by the depth of sowing, and certainly these factors are very important in determining the yield of crops.

Hog Houses For South Dakota, Ralph L. Patty

SDSU Extension Circulars

Good housing is essential to successful hog raising. While several sows may do fairly well with their litters around an old strawstack or shack under favorable weather conditions, it will pay in the long run to figure on good housing and care, if the business is to show the best profit. The circular attempts to put as much helpful material in as little space as possible for anyone planning to build a hoghouse. If changes are made in the plan the details and suggestions should still be of service. It is hard to make changes of any consequence in a …