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Erginia (Asteraceae: Cichorieae: Crepidinae), A New Genus Accommodating Chondrilla Spinosa, An Orphan Species Of Localized Distribution In Southeastern Anatolia, Murat Erdem Güzel, Kami̇l Coşkunçelebi̇, Serdar Makbul, Mutlu Gültepe, Zeynepnur Alemdağ, Norbert Kilian

Turkish Journal of Botany

The new genus Erginia is established to accommodate Chondrilla spinosa, a species of previously uncertain systematic placement, with a highly localized distribution in Southeastern Anatolia (Türkiye) on alpine screes along two mountain ridges. Although there has been general agreement that the species is a member of the subtribe Crepidinae in its wider sense, including the Chondrillinae, its placement in Chondrilla is based on the superficial resemblance of its achene features, which also do not match any other known genus, and no molecular phylogenetic analysis had clarified its sister group. In this study, we produce additional micro- and macromorphological as well …

Integrative Data Inform The Taxonomy Of Salix: A Case Study Of S. Purpurea L. Subsp. Leucodermis Yalt. (Salicaceae) From Türkiye, Peli̇n Acar, Yasi̇n Kaya, Dudu Özlem Mavi̇ İdman, Irina V. Belyaeva

Turkish Journal of Botany

The study of endemic species provides valuable perspectives on evolutionary history and future targets for their conservation. Salix purpurea L. subsp. leucodermis Yalt., which is endemic to Sandras Mountain in Türkiye, was analysed using morphological, anatomical, and genomic methods. This study presents the first draft short-read sequence of S. purpurea subsp. leucodermis, providing preliminary genomic evidence of differentiation from related taxa. This study also revealed a specific combination of anatomical features (prominent calcium oxalate crystals and amphistomatous leaves) and morphological characteristics (striated wood, glabrous buds, absence of stipules) that differentiate the taxon in question from the closely related species S. …

What Are Vestigial Structures? Evidence For Evolution Explained, Ryan Bebej

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Evolution wasn’t something we talked about very much in my home or church when I was growing up.

Yet somehow, I came to believe that evolution wasn’t compatible with Christian faith. At the time that seemed okay, because I had heard that the evidence for evolution wasn’t very strong anyway.

That all began to change when I started studying biology in college. In different classes, I encountered some of the compelling evidence for evolution and common descent.

Vestigial structures were one of the topics that came up often in biology textbooks about these topics.

Today, biologists point to …

Water-Driven Reactivation Of Photosystem Ii In Plagiochasma Appendiculatum, Vineet Soni, Upma Bhatt, Yashwant Sompura

Turkish Journal of Botany

Plagiochasma appendiculatum, a desiccation-tolerant liverwort, offers a unique system for unraveling the biophysical dynamics of photosynthetic recovery upon rehydration. This study employed high-resolution chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) kinetics to clarify the sequential reactivation of photosystem II (PSII) during the desiccation-to-rehydration transition. Upon desiccation, the OJIP transient collapsed into a linear trace, indicating complete photochemical arrest and inactivation of PSII reaction centers (RCs). Rehydration triggered a biphasic recovery, including an initial rapid phase (0–30 min) marked by sharp increases in F0 and Fm , indicative of PSII–LHCII supercomplex reassembly and thylakoid membrane restoration, followed by a stabilization phase (30–125 min) wherein …

Longitudinal Patterns In Stygobiont Distribution In The Hyporheic Zone Of The Karst Spring-Fed San Marcos River, Texas, Usa, Kenneth Sparks, Benjamin F. Schwartz, Safra Altman, Kathryn E. Perez, Zoey B. Chanin, Caroline Mierzejewski, Benjamin T. Hutchins

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications

Groundwater-obligate taxa (stygobionts) exhibit variable degrees of habitat specialization, ranging from those restricted to single micro-habitats to generalists occurring in a broad range of habitat types. The karstic Edwards Aquifer is the most biodiverse and well-studied groundwater habitat in the continental United States, but some Edwards Aquifer-associated species also occupy the hyporheic zone of rivers downstream from karst. The goals of this research were to 1) assess the potential of the off-karst hyporheic zone as habitat for ‘karst’ species and 2) to determine how stygobiont richness, diversity, and abundance related to distance from karst in the hyporheic zone of a …

Unveiling The Diversity Within Salvia Caespitosa Sensu Lato (Lamiaceae): Three New “Hidden” Endemic Species From Türkiye​, Ferhat Celep, Musa Doğan, Gali̇p Akaydin, Ahmet Kahraman, Ersi̇n Karabacak, Ömer Çeçen, Meti̇n Armağan, Chun-Lei Xiang, Bryan T. Drew

Turkish Journal of Botany

Documenting species, particularly those that are threatened or endangered, is fundamental to biodiversity conservation. However, many taxa remain scientifically unrecognized, being either undiscovered or unpublished. While some plants can be easily recognized as new species, other identifications are obscured by morphological, taxonomic, and nomenclatural complexity. Detecting cryptic or “hidden” species is therefore essential to understanding biodiversity and plant evolution. Our revisionary studies on Salvia demonstrate that the morphologically complex Salvia caespitosa is not a single species but instead comprises at least four distinct species, three with narrow distributions. This conclusion is supported by integrative evidence from extensive field studies, herbarium …

Influence Of A New Nanoensemble Of Graphene Oxide And Indole-3-Acetic Acid On The Morphophysiological, Biochemical, And Ultrastructural Characteristics Of Upland Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.), Nurlan Amrahov, Ulviyya Hasanova, Aliyeva Gunel, Aghazada Goncha, Fuad Rzayev, Eldar Gasimov, Aliyeva Solmaz, Lala Gahramanli, Elvin Ibrahimli, Ruhangiz Mammadova, Zarema Gakhramanova, Cem Bayram, Goncha Eyvazova, Si̇bel Hasanova, Ziyaddin Mammadov

Turkish Journal of Botany

​The exogenous application of phytohormones plays a crucial role in the activation of adaptive mechanisms in plants under both normal and stress conditions. Therefore, the present study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanoensembles based on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and graphene oxide (GO) nanolayers. The surface of GO synthesized by the modified Hummer method was noncovalently functionalized with IAA molecules. The structure and morphological properties of the prepared materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The IAA and IAA+GO nanoensemble enhanced the morphological parameters, lateral root formation, catalase and peroxidase …

Effects Of Calcium And Magnesium Ions On Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Chromosome Structure Visualized Using Light And Scanning Elec​Tron Microscopes, Andi Salamah, Fitri Amalia Nurchasanah, Vycka Fikriyani Fairuz, Astari Dwiranti

Turkish Journal of Botany

Divalent cations, particularly calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+), are essential for maintaining chromosomal architecture, yet their roles in plants remain poorly characterized. This study investigated the effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the chromosomal structure of wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42), a widely used model in plant cytogenetics. Root-tip chromosomes were isolated enzymatically and treated with BAPTA (a Ca2+-specific chelator), EDTA (a broad cation chelator), and buffer solutions containing either 5 mM Mg2+ (XBE5) or no Mg2+ (XBE). Chromosomes were stained with aceto-orcein for light microscopy and processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microscopic observations revealed that …

Systematic Implications Of Seed Morphology In Oxytropis (Galegeae: Fabaceae) From Pakistan, Amjad Khan, Amir Sultan, Raees Khan, Rozina Rozina, Shahab Ali, Ali Bagheri, Rifat Ullah Khan, Abdul Samad Mumtaz, Tariq Ullah, Ghalia Saleem Aljeddani, Hasil Khan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Oxytropis is a taxonomically challenging genus within the tribe Galegeae of the family Fabaceae. Despite its systematic importance, the seed morphology of Oxytropis has been poorly investigated. In the present study, we examined the seed morphology of 18 Oxytropis species representing 10 sections from the Pakistan, with the aim of evaluating the diagnostic value of seed traits using both light and scanning electron microscopy. The current investigation revealed two distinct seed shapes, namely cordiform and prolonged reniform, across the studied taxa. Seed length ranged from 1.75 mm in O. crassiuscula to 2.3 mm in O. duthieana, while seed width varied …

A New Species Of The Genus Heracleum From Türkiye: H. Papilionaceum (Apiaceae: Tordyliaea​), Mehmet Sağiroğlu, Mardiya Sabdani̇, Bariş Bani̇, Hayri̇ Duman

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species, Heracleumpapilionaceum (Apiaceae: Tordylieae), is described and illustrated from the Elmacık Mountains, Bolu Province, northwestern Türkiye. Morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ribosomal (nr)DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer sequences placed the new species close to H. apiifolium and H. munzurense. Comparative morphological and fruit anatomical data, images, and a distribution map are provided. An International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List assessment is also presented, supporting its classification as Critically Endangered.

Tails From The Isle Of Devils: Two New Records Of Non-Native Invasive Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) Successfully Intercepted In Bermuda, Including The First Record Of Caraboctonidae, Danniella Sherwood, Mark Outerbridge, Struan R. Smith, Jenny Gosling, Myles Darrell

Euscorpius

Hadruroides sp. (Scorpiones: Caraboctonidae) is newly recorded as a successfully intercepted non-native invasive species in Bermuda, based on examination of a desiccated and damaged immature female specimen. A second record of an intercepted Centruroides gracilis (Latreille, 1804) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) is reported based on examination of an adult male.

Effect Of Extraction Methods On Emulsifying Properties Of Corn Fiber Gum, Wu Chenglong, Ren Ying, Li Xingguo, Tang Leiming, Sun Xiaohong

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the influence of three extraction methods (alkaline, enzymatic, and acidic) on the emulsification characteristics of corn fiber gum (CFG). [Methods] Corn bran was used as the raw material, and CFG was extracted using sodium hydroxide, xylanase, and formic–acetic acid–water solutions. The changes in particle size, zeta potential, rheological properties, creaming index, appearance, and microstructure of CFG emulsions were measured. [Results] All three CFG emulsions exhibited shear-thinning behavior, with viscosities decreasing as the shear rate increased. The enzymatically extracted CFG emulsion had the highest viscosity, best gel properties, smallest particle size [(751.6 ± 22.5) nm], highest absolute zeta …

Quantitative Analysis Of Sorghum Starch Using Machine Learning And Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Li Ke, Ouyang Runkun, Dai Yijie, Li Jie, Hou Aixiang, Yang Yu, Li Zongjun

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To establish a model for the rapid quantification of sorghum starch based on near-infrared spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms. [Methods] Brewing sorghum was used as the raw material. Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra were collected using a near-infrared spectrometer. The Isolation Forest algorithm was employed to remove outlier samples and optimize the dataset. Subsequently, multiple preprocessing methods and regression models were compared using various modeling software to analyze and establish a quantitative model for sorghum starch. [Results] After preprocessing with the Isolation Forest algorithm, the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model exhibited the best performance, with a coefficient of determination …

Extraction Optimization For Polyphenols From Clausena Anisum-Olens Kernel , As Well As Their Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activities, Liao Jianhong, Su Xiufang, Zheng Guangjin, Li Ganghui

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To optimize the extraction process of polyphenols from Clausena anisum-olens kernel, and to analyze their in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities. [Methods] With ultrasonic temperature, power, time, as well as solid–liquid ratio and ethanol volume fraction as experimental factors, the response surface method was employed to optimize the ultrasonic extraction process of polyphenols from C. anisum-olens kernel. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the polyphenols was investigated via free radical scavenging assays, and the antibacterial activity was determined using the well diffusion method. [Results] The optimal extraction process is an ultrasonic power of 94 W, an ultrasonic time …

Study On Structural Characteristics And Immunomodulatory Activity Of Flammulina Velutipes Crude Polysaccharide, Wang Xinnuo, Peng Chujun, Jin Yumeng, Zhang Molan, You Lijun

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To prepare Flammulina velutipes crude polysaccharide (FVP) and evaluate its structural characteristics and immunomodulatory activity. [Methods] FVP was prepared from Flammulina velutipes using hot-water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and its structural characteristics were characterized by combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography–multi-angle laser light scattering–refractive index detection (HPSEC–MALLS–RI). The immunomodulatory activity of FVP was evaluated using RAW 264.7 macrophages and a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mouse model. [Results] The total sugar content of FVP is (51.39 ± 1.36) g/100 g. Structural characterization results show that FVP has characteristic features of a β-type pyranose ring and exhibits a multi-component …

Comparison And Optimization Of Glycoprotein Extraction Processes For Six Panax Medicinal Herbs Using Ultra-High Pressure Extraction Technology, Chang Fangyu, Zang Hao, Cheng Liye, Han Lusheng, Du Lianyun, Wang Enpeng

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To comprehensively compare and screen glycoprotein preparation processes for six representative medicinal materials from the genus Panax. [Methods] Glycoprotein yield, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and Fe2+ chelation inhibition rate were used as evaluation indicators. Glycoprotein extraction rates and antioxidant activities of six medicinal materials, including P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius, P. japonicus (T. Nees) C. A. Mey., P. stipuleanatus H. T. Tsai & K. M. Feng, and P. bipinnatifidus Seem, were compared using traditional thermal extraction and ultra-high pressure processing (UHPP). The Box–Behnken response surface method was employed to optimize UHPP parameters for P. …

Optimization Of Probiotic Fermentation Process And Effects Of Drying Methods On The Quality Of Sea Buckthorn Leaves, Dong Xiaoyue, Yun Xueyan, Zhang Lu, Dong Tongliga, Zhao Chenxi, Te Jinwei, Wang Xiukuan, Hao Qian, Miao Meishu, Su Ke

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To investigate the effects of probiotic fermentation conditions and drying methods on the quality of fermented sea buckthorn leaf products. [Methods] Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is used for fermentation. The fermentation process of sea buckthorn leaves is optimized through single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology. Fermented sea buckthorn leaf extract is prepared under the optimal fermentation conditions and subsequently processed into freeze-dried powder by direct freeze-drying and spray freeze-drying, with or without low-voltage electrostatic field assistance. The effects of different treatments on viable cell counts, flavonoid and polyphenol retention rates, water activity, and in vitro digestion characteristics are evaluated. [Results] …

Extraction Process Optimization Of Camellia Sinensis Flavonoids And Their Antioxidant Activity, Tu Jianqiu, Xu Danhe, Chen Long, Wang Yaxin, Xu Jiahui, Jing Lixiang, Li Jianfang

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from Xinyang Camellia sinensis and to compare the in vitro antioxidant activities of total flavonoids before and after purification. [Methods] Using Xinyang C. sinensis as raw material, a one-factor test is conducted to investigate the effects of ethanol volume fraction, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, and material–liquid ratio on the yield of flavonoids. Subsequently, a three-factor, three-level optimization model is established based on the Box–Behnken experimental design. Additionally, a macroporous adsorption resin is utilized for the purification of flavonoid crude extracts. Finally, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the total flavonoids is evaluated …

Research Progress In Production Process And Flavor Modulation Mechanisms Of Cooking Wine, An Nan, Liu Gongliang, Bai Weidong, Tong Xing, Wang Hong

Food and Machinery

As a core condiment in traditional Chinese cuisine, the flavor modulation mechanisms of cooking wine are closely related to its production processes. This review systematically organizes the three major production systems of cooking wine, i.e., brewed, blended, and seasoned, comparing their differences in base-wine origin, flavor-formation pathways, and product stability. By integrating the latest developments in flavoromics, molecular interactions, and intelligent fermentation, it provides a systematic analysis of the relationship between production process differences and flavor formation mechanisms. The paper clarifies the multi-stage “dissolution–modification–suppression” mechanism for off-flavor removal and proposes a metabolic flux-directed process optimization pathway. Additionally, it explores the …

Progress On The Nutrient Components, Functional Activities, And Utilization Of Dictyophora Rubrovalvata, Zhang Lunqing, Wang Xianxing, Li Qiaoqiao, Xu Cunbin, Wang Yu

Food and Machinery

Dictyophora rubrovalvata, a valuable edible fungus in China, is rich in active components such as polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, and vitamins, exhibiting significant efficacy in antioxidant, anti-fatigue, antitumor, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. This paper systematically reviews recent research progress on the nutritional components, functional activities, and utilization status of D. rubrovalvata, both in China and elsewhere, with an outlook on its future development directions and application prospects.

A Review Of Metabolic Mechanisms Of N-Nitroso Compounds And Measures For Their Reduction And Control, Wang Zhulin

Food and Machinery

N-nitroso compounds, as one of the major food contaminants, are widely present in food and pose hazards such as carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity, thus being a key focus in food safety monitoring. Although significant progress has been made in the research on N-nitroso compounds, studies on their metabolic mechanisms and reduction and control measures are still disconnected to a certain extent. Through a review of the classification, detection methods, and toxic effects of N-nitroso compounds, this article analyzes the intrinsic connection between their metabolic pathways in the body and strategies for external reduction and control, aiming to provide theoretical references …

Using “You” As A Subject In Biology Assessment Questions: Examining Student Preferences For Second-Person Framing, Noelle Clark, Kate Hill, Jeremy L. Hsu

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

In college biology courses, exams and quizzes are often used to assess students’ knowledge and performance. Since assessments are a crucial part of biology classes, there has been a wide range of work examining how assessment questions are written, revealing that small changes in how such questions are worded may have large impacts on students’ reading comprehension and performance. One aspect that instructors consider when writing a question is subject framing, i.e., which individual, if any, is being placed as the focal point of the question. In this study, we focus on the following subject framings, an authentic scientist, a …

Sources And Potential Risks Of Micro- And Nanoplastics In Foods, Zhao Xinlong, Li Wei, Zhang Mengling, Xing Liwen, Tian Huafeng

Food and Machinery

Plastics are widely used in food packaging, storage, processing, and other food-related applications, playing a vital role in extending food shelf life, reducing material loss, and promoting food circulation. However, these plastic products that come into direct or indirect contact with foods can release micro- and nanoplastics through various physical and chemical processes. These micro- and nanoplastics can accumulate in the human body through bioaccumulation and other pathways and have become one of the emerging contaminants threatening food safety and human health. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the research progress on the generation pathways, release mechanisms, potential health …

Screening Of Weizmannia Coagulans With High Stress Tolerance, Xiao Xue, Yu Wendi, Hu Yuanliang, Zhang Xicai, Yu Xiang

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To isolate and screen novel Weizmannia coagulans strains with high stress tolerance. [Methods] Using commercially fermented pickle brine as the sample, W. coagulans strains were isolated, purified, and identified by selective culture medium methods, morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characterization, and 16S rDNA sequencing. Taking survival rate as the evaluation index, the stress tolerance of the isolated strains and three laboratory-preserved W. coagulans strains was determined under high-temperature (80–100 ℃), acidic (pH 2.0–3.0), and bile salt (0.1%–0.5%) conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to comprehensively assess the stress tolerance of the tested strains. [Results] Two W. coagulans strains, …

Preparation Of Cellulose Nanocrystals From The Shells Of Camellia Oleifera Abel And Their Effect On The Stability Of Camellia Oil Pickering Emulsions, Jin Sheng, Xie Shuting, Xiao Zhihong, Li Changzhu, Wang Jianhui

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To prepare cellulose nanocrystals from the shells of Camellia oleifera Abel (SCOA–CNCs) for stabilizing camellia oil Pickering emulsions, and to investigate the storage stability and environmental stability of the resulting emulsions. [Methods] Cellulose is extracted from SCOA through bleaching and alkali treatment, and SCOA–CNCs are prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SCOA–CNCs are employed to stabilize camellia oil Pickering emulsions; the effects of the oil-to-water ratio and particle concentration on the emulsions are examined, and the stability of the emulsions under different environmental …

Advances In The Application Of Electroencephalography In Food Sensory Science, Li Wenbin, Hou Xiaoyi, Deng Na, Leng Tuo, Fu Haohua, Wang Jianhui

Food and Machinery

Traditional sensory evaluation of food is affected by subjectivity and other factors, resulting in significant limitations. Electroencephalography (EEG), owing to its advantages of high temporal resolution, non-invasiveness, and real-time dynamic monitoring, offers an objective neurophysiological perspective and analytical approach to address this issue, effectively advancing food science research from subjective descriptions to objective neural decoding. This paper systematically reviews the applications of EEG in food flavor recognition and prediction, objective evaluation of food quality, and analysis of food nutrition and consumer behavior. In light of the current state of technological development, it is proposed that multimodal technology integration and machine …

Hot And Bothered: Introduced Generalist Marine Snail Outperforms Native Specialist Under Gradual And Extreme Warming, Alysha B. Putnam, Adeline Dwyer, Danielle T. Weiss, Bethany A. Bradley, Michelle D. Staudinger, Paulette Peckol

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Climate change is reshaping coastal ecosystems through gradual warming and increasingly frequent extreme heat events, potentially affecting native and introduced species differently. We experimentally compared the native marine snail Littorina obtusata, a habitat and dietary specialist, to the introduced generalist Littorina littorea under sustained warming and short-term extreme heat. We measured survival and performance metrics, including grazing, growth, and attachment strength, under short- and long-term thermal stress in air and water. L. littorea consistently outperformed L. obtusata, maintaining or increasing function under warming and exhibiting greater survival during simulated heatwaves. Conversely, L. obtusata showed performance declines and higher …

Impact Of Social Media-Driven Feeding Practices On The Gut Microbiome Of Captive Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus) In Surin, Thailand, Pongpreecha Malaluang, Nuttapon Bangkaew, Jaruwan Chaiyakhot, Patinya Patikae, Nattaya Watwiengkam, Phimphanit Choklikitumnuey, Thanaphat Phupanna, Sudachanok Phowiset, Prim Chuesaard, Tarid Purisotayo

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study investigated the effects of social media-driven live-streaming dietary supplementation on the gastrointestinal microbial community of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) at the Elephant Kingdom, Surin Province, Thailand. A hierarchical two-tier observational design was used: Tier 1 compared a minimal-supplementation control group (Group H, n = 6) with a frequent heterogeneous-supplementation group (Group L, n = 18); Tier 2 compared, within Group L, low-frequency (Group A, ≤ 3 sessions per week, n = 7) and high-frequency (Group B, > 3 sessions per week, n = 11) live-streaming sub-groups. Faecal microbial profiles were obtained by 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4) …

Design, Fabrication, And Performance Evaluation Of A Recycling Machine For Converting Biodegradable Waste Into Compost, Mohamed T. Eraky, M.M Radwan, Abdelkhalik Eladl

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This study evaluates the technical feasibility of composting shredded printed paper blended with organic waste using a manually operated aerobic composting system. The investigation focused on process performance under controlled initial conditions, particularly an optimized carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 30:1. Three composting piles were constructed with systematic variations in moisture content, aeration frequency, and additive composition (poultry manure, yeast, crushed eggshells, and cardboard) to assess their influence on thermal behavior and decomposition efficiency. Process performance was monitored through continuous temperature profiling and periodic observation of physical parameters, including color development and material degradation rate. Among the experimental setups, Pile 3 …

Science, Uncertainty, And Stewardship: Climate Change Viewpoints In Higher Education, Jamie Jensen, Isaiah Aduse-Poku

ScholarsArchive Data

This dataset supports a Q-methodology study of climate change viewpoints among undergraduate students at Brigham Young University. Participants were recruited from an introductory non-majors biology course during Fall 2025. The study examined how students organized climate-change views across scientific evidence, human causation, uncertainty, political beliefs, religious stewardship, moral responsibility, perceived agency, climate policy, and future risks.