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State Of Cytidine 3', 5' Cyclic Monophosphate (Cyclic Cmp) Research, Joseph E. Stone, Bruce E. Murphy

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Interpopulation Variation In Calcareous And Proteinaceous Shell Components In The Stream Limpet, Ferrissia Rivularis, Carl M. Way, Daniel J. Hornbach, Albert J. Burky

Biology Faculty Publications

Natural populations of the North American stream limpet, F. rivularis, were studied in upstate New York [USA], in a set of localities whose waters have a 15-fold range of dissolved Ca (4.6-67.6 mg/liter) and also range from oligotrophy to eutrophy. Shell component analyses (CaCO3, total organic C and total N) are reported as component mass-fractions (mg/g or .mu.g/g dry weight) and as values for a standard limpet shell of 35 mm aperture length (AL). More than 2-fold differences occur between populations in all 3 components, with relatively little variation occurring within each population. Expressed per standard limpet, CaCO3 values for …

Seasonal Metabolism Of The Sphaeriid Clam, Musculium Partumeium (Say), From A Permanent And A Temporary Pond, Carl M. Way, Daniel J. Hornbach, Albert J. Burky

Biology Faculty Publications

Seasonal metabolic rates were examined for the sphaeriid clam, Musculium partumeium (Say) from a permanent and a temporary pond. For the fall-born generation from the permanent pond and for the single generation from the temporary pond, metabolic rates peak during periods of greatest growth and reproduction. Metabolic rates were consistently higher for the permanent pond population. These rates for Musculium partumeium extend the available information on the family Sphaeriidae to the genus Musculium.

Growth Of Pisidium Casertanum (Poli) In West Central Ohio, Albert J. Burky, Daniel J. Hornbach, Carl M. Way

Biology Faculty Publications

Clarke (1973) states that Pisidium casertanum (Poli) is perhaps the most common species of Pisidium and is truly cosmopolitan, occurring throughout Eurasia, Africa, Australia, and South, Central and North America. Populations of these clams are reported in habitats ranging from ephemeral ponds to benthic zones of deep lakes. Our study describes Manuscript received 29 May 1979 and in revised form 25 July 1980 (#79-34). 2 Present address: Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901. 3 Present address: Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056. 41 aspects of the life-cycle of P. casertanum in a spring-fed stream with …

Environmental Heterogeneity, Genetic-Polymorphism, And Reproductive Strategies, M. J. Mcleod, Daniel J. Hornbach, S. I. Guttman, C. M. Way, Albert J. Burky

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Adaptive Behavior Of Astyanax Fasciatus (Cuvier) (Pisces: Characidae) And Of Brachyrhaphis Rhabdophora (Regan) (Pisces: Poecilidae) Associated With Subterranean Waters, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Studies On Feeding Behavior On A Population Of Cichlasoma Tuba (Pisces: Cichlidae) In Shallow Waters Of The River Puerto Viejo, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Temperature On The Life Cycle Of Drosophila Acutilabella, Donald A. Miles

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

This is a study of the rate of development of the fly, Drosophila acutilabelle, Stalker (1953), at three temperatures, 22°, 25°, and 28°C. It is part of a larger project testing the hypothesis that stenothermal species (those restricted to a narrow temperature range) are more sensitive than eurythermal species, such a the cosmopolitan D. melanogaster and D. hydei (those able to live over a broad temperature range) to the effects of temperature during development. It has been suggested that eurythermal species have a lower Q₁₀ of development. The species used in this study is considered to be stenothermal because …

Collastoma-Kozloffi Sp-N, A Neorhabdocoel Turbellarian From The Intestine Of The Sipunculan Themiste-Dyscrita, Clinton A. Westervelt

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Collastoma kozloffi sp. n. is described from the intestine of the sipunculan, Themiste dyscrita, collected at three localities on the Oregon coast. This species is particularly distinctive because of its large egg capsule (length about 400-500 ,m). The relationships of the five known species of Collastoma are discussed.

Sex Ratio Evolution In A Variable Environment, Eric Charnov, Hartogh R.L. Los-Den, W.T. Jones, J. Van Den Assem

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

We develop a natural selection model for sex ratio control in a spatially variable environment. Predictions of sex ratio alteration as a function of environmental change are tested in laboratory experiments with two parasitic wasps. Field data from a variety of other organisms also support the model. Finally, we discuss possibilities and difficulties for testing this type of evolutionary model.

Insecticides And Pheromones Used In The Midwest. A Short Review, Evelyn Osbourne, Paul Schwartz

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Midwest produces most of the food and feed grains and oilseeds grown in the US. as well as a substantial proportion of a variety of other crops, but corn accounts for at least 75% of insecticide use in the region. The total amount of insecticides used on crops could be greatly reduced if economic losses from insects could be predicted accurately. We will examine the current status of chemical controls for insects of economic importance to this region, indicating some areas where new developments are needed or are likely to occur.

Determination Of Selenium In Biological Materials By Stable Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Donald C. Reamer, Claude Veillon

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Selenium can be determined quantitatively in biological samples after digestion using nitric acid, orthophosphoric acid, and hydrogen peroxide and the formation of 5-nitropiazselenol. Samples are spiked with enriched ⁸²Se and lsotoplc ratio of ⁸⁰Se to ⁸²Se is measured by combined gas chromatographymass spectrometry using dual ion monitoring. Precise determination at the parts-per-billion level is possible. The accuracy of the method Is verlfied by using standard reference materials.

Housing And Management To Reduce Climactic Impacts On Livestock, G. Leroy Hahn

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Weather is a constraint on efficient livestock production systems. Evaluation of the degree of constraint is a difficult, but necessary task before selection of appropriate modifications in management or environments can be made. The basis for rational selection from available alternatives for the limitation of climatic stress in livestock has continued to improve, particularly with the development of rudimentary functional relationships between animal performance and weather parameters. Such relationships, when combined with probabilistic knowledge of the weather parameters, permit prediction of the reduction in animal performance under natural conditions, or of the benefits to be derived from proposed housing or …

A Water Quality Survey Of The Big Blue River, Nebraska, Terry R. Maret, Curtis C. Christiansen

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Physiochemical and bacteriological conditions along with the macroinvertebrate community structure were studied to evaluate water quality of the Big Blue River, in southeastern Nebraska. Samples were taken between November 7, 1978, and December 19, 1979, at six stations from the headwaters to lower reaches of the river. Some sample sites were below specific municipal and industrial effluents to evaluate better their impact on water quality. Parameters measured included pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, ammonia, and fecal coliforms. Dissolved oxygen and nitrate were significantly different (p<0.05) between stations, with the headwaters station exhibiting the greatest difference in water quality. Fecal coliforms were substantially higher at stations below Crete. The macroinvertebrate fauna comprised 42 and 66 taxa collected with Ekman grabs and multiplate artificial substrates, respectively. Average diversity values, using the Shannon-Weaver index, indicated all stations would be categorized as moderately polluted. Taxa collected at the stations showed a great deal of homogeneity. An exception was the headwaters site where pollution-associated taxa were found in abundance. Seasonal changes were an apparent factor affecting diversity of the macro invertebrates. The results collected provide useful baseline information for future evaluation of water quality trends of the Big Blue River.

Sister Chromatid Exchanges In A Male With A Y/Y Translocation, Merlin G. Butler

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Sister chromatid exhanges (SCE) are considered indicators of genetic damage and early chromosome changes. The SCE frequency from an infertile 27-year-old, white male with tall stature and a non-dicentric Y/Y translocation consisting of one short arm and two long arms of the Y chromosome was determined. The SCE frequency was 7.9 ± SD 1.4 while to SCE frequency from ten control subjects was 8.4 ± SD 0.51. A two-tailed t-test was applied to the SCE data and no significant difference was found between the individual with the Y/Y translocation and control subjects. Apparently, this altered chromosomes does not interfere …

Preliminary Report On The 1979 Excavations At The Clary Ranch Site, Thomas P. Myers, Richard G. Corner, Lloyd G. Tanner

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

During the summer of 1979 excavations at the Clary Ranch Site (Ash Hollow, Garden County, Nebraska) demonstrated the presence of a Late Paleoindian bison-butchering site. Bison tooth-eruption patterns indicate that the kill took place in late spring to early summer. Turtle and canid bones were also recovered. The presence of Frederick and Meserve points suggests an antiquity of more than 8,500 yr for the site.

Transactions Of The Nebraska Academy Of Sciences And Affiliated Societies Volume Ix (1981): Table Of Contents

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Officers, Policy Committee .......... ii

Editorial Board, Instructions to Contributors .......... v

Membership Objectives and Friends of the Academy .......... vi

Anthropology

Preliminary report on the 1979 excavations at the Clary Ranch Site (Myers, Corner, and Tanner) .......... 1

Biological and Medical Sciences

Sister chromatid exchanges in a male with a Y /Y translocation (M. G. Butler) .......... 9

Further observations on polymegaly in species of the Drosophila affinis subgroup (Ho-Chi Chang and D. D. Miller) .......... 13

Pruduction rates of aquatic insects in a turbid reservoir (J. C. Lund and E. J. Peters) .......... 23 …

Production Rates Of Aquatic Insects In A Turbid Reservoir, John C. Lund, Edward J. Peters

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Buckley Creek 3F is a turbid 13 ha reservoir in southeastern Nebraska. The quality of the environment was assessed in 1977 with an annual production estimate of the benthic insects.

Monthly bottom samples were taken using a 15 cm (6 in.) Ekman dredge. To observe any correlation between production and other factors, chemical and physical parameters consisting of total alkalinity, hardness, pH, conductivity, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and suspended solids were monitored.

Total benthis production was 0.156 g/m²/yr (dry weight). Individual genera produced between 0.001 (Chaoborus sp.) and 0.057 g/m²/yr (Hexagenia sp.). Published studies …

Grain Legume Agronomy Programme, G Walton

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Lupin agronomy, series 1 - growth factor interactions. To evaluate the relative influence that various growth factors exert on crop yield. Lupin agronomy, series 2 - harvest index response to density. To establish whether the harvest index of the plants at maximum crop yield density remains constant over a range of environmental conditions and whether differences exist between cultivars. Lupin agronomy - nutrition. To compare the grain yield response to potash rates. Grain legumes for wheatbelt rotations. To compare the soil fertility after one year growth of different legume species. In the 1981 experiments, Derrimut field pea yielded well, outyielding …

A Feeding Deterrent Effect Of A Water Extract Of Tansy (Tanacetum Vulgare L., Compositae) On Three Lepidopterous Larvae, Gary Brewer, Harold J. Ball

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) extract was made by grinding fresh tansy leaves in distilled water. The extract, when "painted" on broccoli leaf discs, was found to deter feeding of two of three lepidopterous larvae studied. When the tansy extract was "painted" on the entire body surfaces of the larvae of three lepi dopterous species, no deleterious reactions were observed.

Comparative Water Relations And Photosynthesis Of Mycorrhizal And Non-Mycorrhizal Bouteloua Gracilis H.B.K. Lag Ex Steud., Michael F. Allen, William K. Smith, Thomas S. Moore Jr., Martha Christensen

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The rangeland grass, Bouteloua gracilis was inoculated with its mycorrhizal symbiont, Glomus fasciculatus, to determine the influence of vesicular-arhuscular mycorrhizae on water status, stomatal behaviour and photosynthesis as well as gross plant morphology, biomass and phosphorus content. Mycorrhizal infection increased transpiration rates by over 100% with 50 to 70% lower leaf resistances to water vapour diffusion. Leaf xylem pressure was not different between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants indicating that whole-plant resistance to water transport was reduced by more than 50%. Photosynthetic rates under saturating light conditions increased 68% with infection as a consequence of a 33% reduction in stomatal …

Spatial Memory And The Performance Of Rats And Pigeons In The Radial-Arm Maze, Alan B. Bond, Robert G. Cook, Marvin R. Lamb

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

The resource-distribution hypothesis states that the ability of an animal to remember the spatial location of past events is related to the typical distribution of food resources for the species. It appears to predict that Norway rats would perform better than domestic pigeons in tasks requiring spatial event memory. Pigeons, tested in an eight-arm radial maze, exhibited no more than half of the memory capacity observed in rats in the same apparatus and may not have used spatial memory at all. The results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis.

Peptidohydrolases Of Soybean Root Nodules, Nasir S. A. Malik, N. E. Pfeiffer, D. R. Williams, Fred W. Wagner

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Nodule extracts prepared from Glycine max var Woodworth possessed endopeptidase, aminoptidase, and carboxypeptidase actiities. Three distinct endopeptidase activities could be resolved by disc-gel electrophoresis at pH 8.8. According to their order of increasing electrophoretic mobility, the first of these enzymes hydrolyzed azocasein and n-benzoyl-LLeu-β-naphthylamide, while the second hydrolyzed n-benzoyl-L-Arg-/8- naphthylamine (Bz-L-Arg-/βNA), n-benzoyl-L-Arg-β-nitroanilide (Bz-L-Arg-βNA), and azocasein. The third endopeptidase hydrolyzed Bz-L-Arg-βNA, Bz-L-Arg-βNA, and hemoglobin. Fractions of these enzymes extracted from electrophoresis gels were shown to have pH optima from 7.5 to 9.8. AU of the endopeptidases were completely inhibited by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate, demonstrating that they were serine proteases.

Lavender, A Chick Melanocyte Mutant With Defective Melanosome Translocation: A Possible Role For 10 Nm Filaments And Microfilaments But Not Microtubules, Paula Mayerson, John Brumbaugh

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Lavender is a mutation of chick neural-crest-derived melanocytes showing dilute feather pigmentation. This defect, previously attributed to a lack or attenuation of dendrites, was found to be due to a defect in melanosome translocation. The mutant phenotype, of melanin-congested perikarya and pigmentless dendrites is expressed both in vivo and in vitro. Studies with colcemid and cytochalasin B suggest that the avian melanocyte resembles a dispersing amphibian melanophore in its requirement for microfilaments but not microtubules.

Ultrastructural analysis revealed a normal complement of intracellular filaments. Microtubules, however, are scarce. Intermediate (10 nm) filaments surround and are closely associated with intracellular organelles, …

Intercellular Communication In Plants: Evidence For A Rapidly Generated, Bidirectionally Transmitted Wound Signal, Eric Davies, Anne Schuster

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Wounding (whether by excision, abrasion, or puncture) elicited rapid, massive, and enduring formation of polysomes in aged pea stems and other mature tissues. The response depended on temperature and severity of wounding but not on water uptake, and it occurred in tissues adjacent to, distant from, above, and below the site of injury. The kinetics of polysome formation were similar in tissues adjacent to or up to 150 mm distant from the point of injury. The wound-induced increases in proteinsynthesizing capacity of the polysomes both in vivo and in vitro were much greater than the increases in rRNA and poly(A) …

Lavender, A Chick Melanocyte Mutant With Defective Melanosome Translocation: A Possible Role For 10 Nm Filaments And Microfilaments But Not Microtubules, Paula L. Mayerson, John A. Brumbaugh

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Lavender is a mutation of chick neural-crest-derived melanocytes showing dilute feather pigmentation. This defect, previously attributed to a lack or attenuation of dendrites, was found to be due to a defect in melanosome translocation. The mutant phenotype, of melanincongested perikarya and pigmentless dendrites is expressed both in vivo and in vitro. Studies with colcemid and cytochalasin B suggest that the avian melanocyte resembles a dispersing amphibian melanophore in its requirement for microfilaments but not microtubules.

Ultrastructural analysis revealed a normal complement of intracellular filaments. Microtubules, however, are scarce. Intermediate (10 nm) filaments surround and are closely associated with intracellular …

Cover Of Plants With Extrafloral Nectaries At Four Northern California Sites, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Percent cover of plants with extrafloral nectaries was investigated in three California habitats with the same physiognomy as habitats previously studied in Nebraska (perennial native grassland, riparian forest, deciduous forest). In contrast to Nebraska where cover of plants with extrafloral nectaries reached 14 percent, no plants with extrafloral nectaries were found in any California transect. Chaparral was also studied; no plants with extrafloral nectaries were found.

Analysis Of A Controlling-Element Mutation At The Adh Locus Of Maize, John Osterman, Drew Schwartz

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

A Ds-suppressed Adh mutant was isolated by the allyl alcohol pollen selection

technique. The mutant produces a reduced level of an altered thermolabile

enzyme suggesting that the Ds element is inserted in the Adh structural gene.

The mutant protein is enzymatically active and does not differ detectably in

size from the progenitor protein. A number of possible explanations for the data

are presented.

Genetic Structure Of Two Species Of Waterstriders (Gerridae: Hemiptera) With Differing Degrees Of Winglessness, Anthony J. Zera

Anthony Zera Publications

The Gerridae (Hemiptera: Insecta) is a worldwide family whose constituent species exhibit dramatic inter- and intra-specific variation in the degree of winglessness (Brinkhurst, 1960; Vepsäläinen, 1978; Calabrese, 1979). At one extreme, the family contains species which are fully winged in all populations and during all seasons, while several species consist almost exclusively of wingless morphs over large geographical ranges and during all seasons. Many species exhibit the intermediate case of wingpolymorphism: the occurrence of various combinations of fully winged, partially winged and/ or wingless morphs in the same population at the same time. Various wing-polymorphic species show differing patterns of …

Review Of Observations Of Wildlife, Paul A. Johnsgard

Papers in Ornithology

Nearly everybody has a childhood hero, but only rarely do those heros survive the test of time to stand even taller in the mind's eye when approaching a halfcentury of one's own lifetime. Sir Peter Scott is a man of such stuff; his enormous artistic abilities and capacity for converting those talents into the environmental education of several generations of Britons, and toward the conservation of the earth's natural resources, cause him to stand uniquely alone in the international environmental scene. His book is an informal retrospective look at his own life, his artwork, and his concerns for conservation and …