Digital Commons Network^™

Biomedical Research And Animal Welfare: Traditional Viewpoints And Future Directions, Franklin M. Loew

Experimentation Collection

It has been twenty years since C.P. Snow first presented the concept of "The Two Cultures"; referring to the "culture" of scientists and the "culture" of literary intellectuals (mainly writers), Snow said (1969):

... constantly I felt I was moving among two groups- comparable in intelligence, identical in race, not grossly different in social origin, earning about the same incomes, who had almost ceased to communicate at all, who in intellectual, moral and psychological climate had so little in common ...

In some ways, "Two Cultures" goes far to characterize the current state of affairs surrounding those whose scientific endeavors …

Regulation Of Biomedical Research, Andrew N. Rowan

Experimentation Collection

The idea of abolishing or simplifying government regulations has a large following in Washington at the moment. As Reagan and his minions start to prune the growth of the past twenty years, we must hope that they are able to distinguish between the healthy growth which provides needed support and the unnecessary growth which strangles necessary initiatives. However, there is one area where we need more regulation rather than less, namely, biomedical research. In calling for more regulation in biomedical research, I do not mean the imposition of outside controls by allegedly ignorant and insensitive bureaucrats (although I think some …

Is Nature Our Birthright?, Nancy Heneson

Ecology Collection

It is of course impossible to escape the notion of self-interest in our relationship with nature. In fact, it is "unnatural," if one understands (and, one is forced to say nowadays, believes in) evolution. However, there is no real justification for either disguising this as stewardship or perverting it into dominionism. Every organism has an impact on the environment, and it is not only idealistic but biologically nonsensical to argue that we should leave everything alone. However, when decisions on policy are made which direct the future use of land, plants and animals, at least let the rationale not be …

Abnormal Behavior As An Indication Of Immaterial Suffering, Hans Hinrich Sambraus

Sentience Collection

Reactive abnormal behavior is the convincing proof of immaterial suffering for the ethologist. We consider abnormal that behavior which does not correspond to, or is without object, which appears with sharply increased or decreased frequency, or which is abnormal in its motor pattern. Moreover, much reactive abnormal behavior manifests itself in stereotypies, i.e., the movement is repeated continuously in the same way. Among wild animals and in traditional forms of animal production abnormal behavior is unknown. However, it is encountered often in animals in intensive husbandry systems, and it can be demonstrated that abnormal behavior is actually brought about by …

The Coyote (Canis Latrans) In Panama, Eustorgio Méndez, Francisco Delgádo, Demetrio Miranda

Conservation Collection

This report reveals that the coyote, Canis Iatrans, has recently extended its southern range to Panama. The skin of one adult female coyote killed by hunters at Los Pirales, a farm near Gualaca in Chiriqui Province, western Panama, has been deposited in the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory Vertebrate Collection. Other coyotes have been observed in Alanje, Boquete and Boqueron, other localities of the same province. The probable range of the coyote in Panama is indicated, and the need for an urgent management strategy for this canid in the Republic is also expressed.

Getting Educated At The Zoo, Nancy Heneson

Zoos and Aquariums Collection

In this issue we present three papers that deal with the subject of the zoo. Although the focal concern of each paper is different and the positions of the authors range from whole-hearted support of the institution to frank skepticism, all express a belief in the potential educational value of zoos. This editorial, however, has a different premise. It is not meant to criticize the other papers, but rather to raise questions from another point of view.

The Buller-Steer Syndrome, Richard Ulbrich

Ethology Collection

Bulling among steers is an abnormal behavioral trait and is a common health and economic problem in feedlot operations. Factors associated with the buller-steer syndrome are hormonal implantation, seasonality and environmental conditions, stress, overcrowding, and social interaction between individuals. Research has examined relationships between these and other factors and buller occurrence. Boredom of feedlot cattle may contribute to buller occurrence and other undesirable behavior more than we might suspect. Research is needed to determine the feasibility of enriching the environment of penned livestock in general, the goal of which would be, in theory, the elimination of undesirable behavior as well …

An Overview Of Zoo Goals And Exhibition Principles, Randall L. Eaton

Zoos and Aquariums Collection

It is not uncommon among progressive-minded zoo professionals these days to hear disdain for the function of zoos as recreational. This attitude is understandable in that traditionally, zoos have done little but offer amusement along with parklands or picnic facilities. The progressive zoo person sets his or her goals above the old-fashioned recipe of crowding as many exotic animals as possible into an amusement-oriented menagerie to an authentic theme for exhibition intended to educate the public, offer research possibilities, and preserve and propagate species. Nevertheless, recreation remains a primary function of zoos. Most zoo visitors do not seek education in …

Equine Behavior Problems In Relation To Humane Management, Katherine A. Houpt

Equines Collection

The behavior problems of horses are frequently related to management practices. Behaviors that are termed stall vices appear to be either stereotyped behaviors that occur in reaction to stress, or patterns that emerge when natural behaviors such as grazing are prevented. The behavior cases presented to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, were tabulated: 27% were stall vices and 27% were some form of aggression. The stall vices were circling, digging, kicking the stall, chewing wood, swallowing air or self-mutilation. Management of horses on pasture rather than in stalls prevents the development of many of these …

The Role And Responsibility Of Zoos: An Animal Protection Viewpoint, John E. Cooper

Zoos and Aquariums Collection

The aim of this paper is to look at zoological collections from the viewpoint of the animal and, in particular, to draw attention to areas where welfare considerations should be paramount. I do not intend to cover the capture and transportation of zoo animals, although this is obviously of great importance and must be included in any overall consideration of the welfare of zoo animals. In this paper, however, I shall concentrate upon the care of the animal within the zoo environment.

A Function Of The Subelytral Chamber Of Tenebrionid Beetles, Con Slobodchikoff, Kim Wisman

Entomology Collection

1. The subelytral chamber is an air space between the elytra and the dorsum of the abdomen of some Tenebrionid beetles. Postulated functions for the subelytral chamber have been a reduction of transpiratory water loss and a thermal buffer for heat flow from the elytra to the abdomen.

2. We show that there is a significant correlation between water loss and the depth of the subelytral chamber.

3. This implies that the chamber may be a structure that permits the rapid expansion of the abdomen, providing the beetles with a mechanism by which they can quickly drink large quantities of …

Plant Science : Agronomy, Plant Pathology, Entomology At South Dakota State University : A Centennial Report, Lyle A. Derscheid

State, University and Departmental Histories

Subject Headings:
South Dakota State University. Plant Science Department -- History South Dakota State University -- History Agricultural education -- South Dakota -- Brookings -- History Agriculture -- Research -- South Dakota -- History Agronomy -- Research -- South Dakota -- History Plant diseases -- Research -- South Dakota -- History Entomology -- Research -- South Dakota -- History Agriculturists -- South Dakota -- Biography Botanists -- South Dakota -- Biography

Forms Of Phosphorus In Nutrition Of Halobacterium Halobium And Halobacterium Salinarium, Pramodbala Parekh

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Foods And Associated Feeding Behavior Of The Yellow-Bellied Marmot, Marmota Flaviventris, Mark William Jonasson

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Report No 42 - A Guide To The Gazetted Rare Flora Of Western Australia, Barbara L. Rye, Stephen D. Hopper

Fisheries Research Reports

Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the first 100 taxa which have been gazetted as rare, likely to become extinct or in need of special protection under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950-1979. Most of these rare taxa are restricted to the South-West Botanical Province and more than one-third occur in the Albany Wildlife District.

An outline is given of the means adopted to determine which taxa are gazetted as rare, the legal provisions for their protection and the biological data being sought for their management.

Fisheries Report No 46 - The Amateur Fishery For The Western Rock Lobster, Pamela N. Norton

Fisheries Research Reports

A study of the amateur fishery for the western rock Lobster, Paulinus cygnus George, was commenced by the W.A. Marine Research Laboratories in August, 1976, and was concluded in December, 1978. The main aims of this study were to collect and analyse data to give some estimate of the distribution and magnitude of this amateur fishery.

Prior to this survey, the only catch and fishing effort data available was that obtained from the commercial fishery. Data from the amateur fishery were required in order to make a full assessment of the Level of exploitation of the stocks. In addition, 144 …

Songbird Populations And Clearcut Harvesting Of Aspen In Northern Utah, Norbert V. Debyle

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Report No 45 - The Short Term Effects Of Brush Harvesting On The Kwongan Vegetation At Eneabba, Western Australia, E. A. Griffin, A. J. M. Hopkins

Fisheries Research Reports

Areas of the kwongan vegetation south of Eneabba are currently being harvested to provide brush for rehabilitation after mining. Because of the botanical importance of the Eneabba kwongan, a study of the effects of the harvesting was initiated. Three areas with different harvest histories were sampled using quadrats paired across cut/uncut boundaries. Floristic and structural differences between quadrats and between areas were assessed. The store of seed in uncut vegetation was measured.

There was a loss of species as a result of harvesting, at least in the short-term. Many species regenerated by resprouting from buds in damaged stems or in …

Growth Characteristics Of Reef-Building Corals Within And External To A Naval Ordinance Range: Vieques, Puerto Rico, Richard E. Dodge

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

The skeletal growth of reef·building corals is known to be sensitive to the environment. In particular, high levels of sedimentation and turbidity lead to decreased growth rate, suppressed growth variation, and, ultimately, coral death because of reduced illumination necessary to zooxanthellae and/or increased energy expenditure by the coral animal to remove impacted sediments.

To assess the effect of Naval Ordnance Range usage at Vieques, Puerto Rico, specimens of Montastrea annulariswere collected from reefs adjacent to and removed from the range area. Growth was measured from annual increments revealed by X-radiography of medial slabs of the coral skeletons. Mean growth …

Larval Specialization And Phenotypic Variation In Arctopsyche-Grandis (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae), F. Richard Hauer, Jack Arthur Stanford

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Life history, trophic dynamics, abundance, and microdistribution of Arctopsyche grandis (Banks) were investigated in the Flathead River Basin, Montana. Two morphologically and ecological distinct larvae (Type I, with a head stripe and Type II, without a head stripe) were found throughout the drainage except in lower order streams. Type II larvae grew more rapidly and attained a larger size in final instar than Type I larvae. In areas where A. grandis biomass was greatest, Type I larvae were >10 times as abundant as Type II larvae. Type II larvae selected microhabitats characterized by larger interstitial spaces; Type I larvae were …

Report No 47 - 1980 Review Of Rainfall And Wetlands In The South-West Of Western Australia, J. A.K. Lane, D. R. Munro

Fisheries Research Reports

An account is given of the biological principles involved in decisions concerning duck-shooting seasons in the south-west of Western Australia.

The conditions for waterfowl which prevailed during 1980 are described through the use of rainfall statistics and data obtained from the Department's wetland monitoring programme.

1980 was the fifth consecutive year of below-average rainfall in all five Meteorological Districts of the south-west. 1976 to 1980 was thus' the south-west's driest five-year period since 1913 at least.

Low rainfall during 1980 resulted in a further decline in the condition of wetlands throughout most of the inland south-west, Few gauged wetlands increased …

Ua35/11 Student Honors Research Bulletin, Wku Honors Program

WKU Administration Documents

The WKU Student Honors Research Bulletin is dedicated to scholarly involvement and student research. These papers are representative of work done by students from throughout the university.

• Condis, Rebecca. Reconstituted Families: Counseling Concepts and Application
• Miller, Brad. Does Congress Effectively Regulate the Ethics of its Members?
• Grizzle, Dennis. Electron Microscopy of Polytrichum Moss Spores
• Collins, Lynell. Transformational Effects on Cytoskeleton and Cell-Surface Antigens
• Hamilton, Joy. A Summary of Flaws in Thomas Hardy's Far From the Madding Crowd
• Martin, Lanna. Sadie F. Price: Artist, Botanist, Author and Naturalist
• Wood, Irene. The Imagery of Smoke, Fire and Ash: A Study of the …

First Year Final Report: The Ecology Of The Desert Bighorn Sheep In Southeastern Utah, Michael M. King, Gar W. Workman

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

A Preliminary Checklist Of Marine Benthic Diatoms Of Mississippi, Michael J. Sullivan

Gulf and Caribbean Research

A checklist of diatoms collected from various benthic habitats in coastal salt marshes and offshore seagrass beds of Mississippi has been compiled for the first time. The checklist includes 213 taxa (species and their varieties) in 43 genera with 19 of these taxa found only on the leaves of offshore seagrasses. Synedra fasciculata var. intermedia (Grun.) Sulliv. comb. nov. is proposed to be consistent with the nomenclature of the nominate variety. Future work with this ecologically important group of marine algae should result in many new additions to this preliminary checklist.

590 Plan: 10 Year Plan For Extension, Research & Forestry By 1990 For Southeast Nebraska, Loyd L. Young, Elizabeth A. Birnstihl

Southeast Research and Extension Center: Reports and Administration

The material following this letter represents the final draft of the ten-year plan for the Southeast Extension and Research Center and Extension District v.

The purpose of this ten-year plan (which will hereafter be called the 590 Plan) is to provide:

1. Broad objectives for programming in extension, research and forestry programs for our unit.

2. More specific objectives for programming in the subject matter areas of:

a. Animal Science

b. Community Resource Development

c. Family Living

d. Farm Management and Marketing

e. Forestry and Natural Resources

f. Horticulture

g. Irrigation

h. Leadership

i. Plant Science

j. Youth …

Bibliographie Pflanzensoziologischer Arbeiten Über Die Mongolische Volksrepublik, Werner Hilbig

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Zusammenfassung

Die Bibliographie enthält pflanzensoziologische und vegetationsökologische Veröffentlichungen aus dem Gebiet der Mongolischen Volksrepublik (MVR) von den zwanziger Jahren bis zum Jahre 1979. Es werden 217 Arbeiten zitiert. Der Großteil dieser Publikationen stammt aus der Feder sowjetischer Geobotaniker,

Phenotypic Heterogeneity Within Clones Of Fetal Human Cells, Scott F. Gilbert, J. Axelman, B. R. Migeon

Biology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Experimental Summaries., M W. Perry, R N. Weir

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Wheat Yield Potential Trials, 81BA4, 81WH7, 81KAS.Wheat-Regenerating Sandplain Lupin Rotation Trials, 79GE38, 79GE42.Nitrogen x Cycocel x Foliar Nutrients x Fungicide-on Wheat,81KA6. Historical Wheat Trials, 81A3, 81C4, 81SG22, 81WH6. Time of Planting on Cereal Yields, 81NA8, 81KA55.

Tornadoes West Of The Divide: A Climatology, Richard P. Mcnulty

National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration: Technical Reports and Related Materials

A climatology of tornado occurrence west of the Continental Divide is presented. These tornadoes are a small but significant part of severe weather occurrences over the United States. Data are examined from both the spatial and temporal point of view. The influence of population and topography is highly evident.

Giving-Up As A Poisson Process: The Departure Decision Of The Green Lacewing, Alan B. Bond

Alan Bond Publications

Predators that forage for aggregated prey appear to require a decision rule for determining the point at which to discontinue their search in a given prey patch and move on to another. Although the optimum rule depends heavily on features of the searching behavior of the predator and the distribution of the prey (Oaten 1977), most previous authors have assumed that the decision must involve an assessment of the capture rate within a patch and a comparison with the mean capture rate in the environment as a whole (Krebs 1978). When the perceived quality of the given patch becomes significantly …