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Helminths Of Bushy-Tailed Wood Rats, Neotoma Cinerea Subspp. From Colorado, Idaho, And Wyoming, Gene E. Miller, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Forty-four Neotoma cinerea rupicola, one N. c. orolestes, and three N. cinerea subspp. were examined for endoparasites. Aspiculuris ackerti Kruidenier and Mehra, 1959, is redescribed and a key to the species of the genus Aspiculuris Schultz, 1924, is provided. Nematodirus neotoma Hall, 1916, is redecscribed and N. tortuosus Tucker, 1942, is placed in synonymy with it. Cysticercoids of Paruterina vandelabraria (Goeze, 1782) Fuhrmann, 1906, and immature Monoecocestus sp. constitute new host records.

California's Central Valley Wintering Waterfowl: Concerns And Challenges, David S. Gilmer, Michael R. Miller, Richard D. Bauer, John R. Ledonne

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Few places on the North American continent can boast of the concentrations of migratory birds that winter in the Central Valley of California. Long before agriculture and industrialization came west, this great valley served as a major wintering ground for millions of migratory birds. Fall flights of waterfowl, shorebirds, waders, raptors, and passerines returned annually to inhabit the vast wetland, riparian, and grassland habitats which covered the valley floor (Dasmann 1966, Bakker 1971).
Major changes in the Central Valley during the last century have profoundly influenced its physical and biological features. Wetland, riparian, and grassland habitats have been devastated by …

Current Status And Management Challenges For Tule White-Fronted Geese, Daniel E. Timm, Michael L. Wege, David S. Gilmer

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Since large, dark tule white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons gam belli Hartlaub) were first described in Texas over a century ago by Hartlaub (1852), and again 65 years later in California by Swarth and Bryant (1917), tule geese have been the subject of at least 14 studies in California and 8 attempts to locate summering birds in the Artic. Central questions of these efforts have been: Is the tule goose a distinct subspecies? What is their range and population size? How can the birds be identified? and What threatens their existence?
The purpose of this paper is to present the …

The Influence Of Habitat Variation On The Morphology And Physiology Of Plethodon Wehrlei (Fowler And Dunn) In West Virginia, Sharon Kay Gross

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

High elevation, low elevation and cave populations of Plethodon wehrlei (Fowler and Dunn) in West Virginia were compared to determine the influence of habitat variation on morphology and physiology. Discriminant analysis of 14 external morphological characters and 11 skeletal characters revealed a similar morphology for the three populations. Comparisons of critical thermal maxima showed a positive correlation to habitat temperature. Dehydration studies revealed that the high elevation population was more resistant and tolerant to water loss than the cave and low elevation populations.

The Effects Of Periodic Inundation On Corticolous Lichens Along Big Seven Mile Creek, Cabell County, West Virginia, Stephen Leslie Beckelhimer

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The distribution of corticolous lichens was studied along Big Seven Mile Creek, a tributary of the Ohio River using step-wise discriminant analysis. The populations appear to respond to complex interacting gradients of humidity, periodic inundation and the abrasive action of water transported debris. Hacroepiphytic coverage and species richness increased with height of the tree bole. Of all species observed, Arthonia caesia (Flot.)Korb and Physcia acinulata Mul. Arg. possess­ed the highest tolerance to periodic inundation. In addition, these species were found to have the highest resistance to scouring by water-borne debris. Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) B. Stein, Parmelia hypotropa Nyl. and Physcia …

A Distributional And Taxonomic Study Of The Adults Of The Family Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera) In West Virginia, Toni Ann Phillips

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A survey of the adult Hydropsychiclae revealed 39 species, 14 of which were state records. The adult hydropsychids were collected from various locations throughout West Virginia. The most common species Hydropsychidae were Hydropsyche morosa, H. sparna, Cheumatopsyche analis, C. campyla, and Diplectrona modesta. Most of the species did not appear to be limited to any one particular drainage basin. Several species exhibited a preference for stream order (headwaters, middlereaches, large rivers). Aphropsyche monticola, Parapsyche apicalis, Cheumatopsvche wrighti, C, gyra, and Hydropsyche alhedra preferred the fast-flowing headwater streams in the higher elevations of the state. Macrostemum zebratum, Potomyia flava, Hydropsyche phalerata, …

Strategies For Oncogenesis By Avian Leukosis Viruses, Benjamin G. Neel

Student Theses and Dissertations

The mechanism of oncogenesis by avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) was examined. ALVs are slowly transforming RNA tumor viruses that do not transform cells in tissue culture and that cause neoplastic disease only after a latent period of 4-12 months. ALVs generally induce widely disseminating B cell lymphomas originating in the bursae of Fabricius of infected birds. Occasionally, they cause other neoplasms such as sarcomas, carcinomas and nephroblastomas, as well as a variety of nonneoplastic diseases. Unlike rapidly transforming RNA tumor viruses, which appear to cause neoplastic transformation as a result of high expression (or inappropriate expression) of a "transforming gene" …

Purification And Activity Of The Pp60src Protein Kinase, Michael E. Greenberg

Student Theses and Dissertations

Transformation of cells by Rous Sarcoma virus results from the action of a single virally coded phosphoprotein with a molecular weight of 60,000 daltons (pp60^src). The expression of pp60^src results in many significant changes in the cell's phenotype which include disruption of the cytoskeleton and the deregulation of cell growth. During the last few years significant progress has been made in many laboratories towards understanding the structure and function of pp60^src (reviewed by Erikson et al., 1980). This thesis work describes procedures that were developed for purifying and characterizing pp60^src and some of its target …

Neuromuscular Junctions In Androgen Sensitive Muscles: A Model For Synaptic Plasticity, William V. Bleisch

Student Theses and Dissertations

Androgen-sensitive muscles are specialized muscles in which both muscle and motoneurons are highly sensitive to androgens. Previous studies have shown that alterations in the levels of circulating androgens affect the activities of cholinergic enzymes in two androgen-sensitive muscles; the syringeal muscles of songbirds and the levator ani muscle of the rat. This study sought to characterize the nature of the effects of androgens on the neuromuscular junctions in these muscles. I measured the relative abundance of the various molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in muscles of the zebra finch. Castration causes a large decrease in AChE activity but has little …

Protein Bodies In Dormant, Imbibed And Germinated Sunflower Cotyledons, R. D. Allen, H. J. Arnott

Food Structure

Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology and structure of protein bodies in dormant and imbibed sunflower cotyledons and to document the morphological changes in protein bodies during germination and seedling growth. In order to clearly visualize dormant seed structure, anhydrous fixation techniques were employed. Definite differences in cellular structure are seen in comparisons of dry and imbibed seed tissues. As germination proceeds, protein bodies lose their smooth spherical shape and become indented and pitted. Protein body coalescence and fusion precedes the formation of a central protein vacuole. As protein is hydrolyzed, protein vacuole density decreases, and its …

Grain Structure And End-Use Properties, Y. Pomeranz

Food Structure

Practical implications of grain structure relate to every step from grain development and production through market ing to processing, utilization, and consumption . The structure and adherence of the hulls may contribute to protection of grain during germination or malting and protection against insect infestations . Germ retention during threshing and separation during processing depend on the germ structure and location in the kernel. The subaleurone and central endosperm layers differ in cell size, shape, and structure and in composition, especially with regard to protein contents and quality. The main factors in grain hardness are the intrinsic hardness of the …

Fluorescence Microscopy Of Cereals, R. G. Fulcher

Food Structure

The fluorescence microscope is one of the most sensitive instruments available for morphological and microchemical analysis of biological material, and especially of cereal grains. Recent innovations in illuminating systems, fluorescence chemistry, and specimen preparation have combined to provide significant improvements over conventional bright-field microscopy in both specificity and sensitivity. A variety of relatively specific fluorescent markers has been devised for routine and high resolution detection of all major cereal components. Several examples of useful fluorescent markers are described, including appropriate methods for specimen preparation, fluorescence analysis, and photography.

Electron Microscopy Of Milk And Milk Products: Problems And Possibilities, D. G. Schmidt

Food Structure

Milk and dairy products have frequently been studied by transmission- and scanning electron microscopy. The specimen preparation procedure may considerably influence the final result, and formation of artefacts is frequently observed. In this respect, formation of ice crystals during cryofixation is a well-known phenomenon. But dehydration, to an extent such as is required for embedding procedures, also appears to be harmful to dairy products. Micrographs of thin sections of plastic- embedded samples of casein submicelles show threadlike material, whereas in freeze-etched specimens only spherical particles are found. Similar observations are made when samples of cheese and of concentrated milk are …

Food Microstructure: An Integrative Approach, E. A. Davis, J. Gordon

Food Structure

The integration of information at all levels of organization in a food system - atomic and molecular through macroscopic properties is illustrated with cake batters as an example of a formulated food and bovine muscle as an example of a biologically intact, non-formulated food. Direct examples are given using macroscopic data collected in heat and water transport studies followed by integration of microscopical data for interpretive purposes.

The contribution of starch gelatinization to the characteristics of water loss in batter is related to events such as loss of brief ringence as seen by polarizing microscopy , differential heat input as …

Aspects Of Sample Preparation For Freeze-Fracture/Freeze-Etch Studies Of Proteins And Lipids In Food Systems. A Review, Wolfgang Buchheim

Food Structure

To select optimum specimen preparation methods and to correctly interpret freeze-fracture/freezeetch micrographs of food systems a detailed knowledge of the individual steps of preparation -- i.e. chemical fixation of samples, their cryoprotective pretreatment, cryofixation, freeze-fracturing and -etching, and replication -- and of their influence on the appearance of different constituents, especially proteins and lipids, is necessary. Food systems show great variation in composition, structure and especially in their content of water -- e.g. molecular and colloidal solutions, oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, gels suspensions, semi-solid systems such as cheese, dried systems such as milk powders -- thus requiring a careful variation …

Response Strategies In The Radial Arm Maze: Running Around In Circles, Sonja I. Yoerg, Alan C. Kamil

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

The effects of the size of the central arena on the use of response strategies by rats on an eight~arm elevated maze were examined. The size of the central arena had no effect on accuracy, but the use of adjacent arms increased significantly with a larger central arena, regardless of the size of arena to which rats were first exposed. These results are interpreted in terms of foraging efficiency.

Cross Sections For Inelastic Scattering Of Electrons By Atoms - Selected Topics Related To Electron Microscopy, Mitio Inokuti, Steven T. Manson

Scanning Electron Microscopy

We begin with a resume of the Bethe theory, which provides a general framework for discussing the inelastic scattering of fast electrons and leads to powerful criteria for judging the reliability of cross-section data. The central notion of the theory is the generalized oscillator strength as a function of both the energy transfer and the momentum transfer, and is the only non-trivial factor in the inelastic-scattering cross section. Although the Bethe theory was initially conceived for free atoms, its basic ideas apply to solids, with suitable generalizations; in this respect, the notion of the dielectric response function is the most …

Electron Scattering And Energy Losses As A Function Of The Incident Energy: Application To Chemical Analysis, Bernard Jouffrey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper gives a rapid overview on the use of the energy losses suffered by an incident electron beam. General approximations are remembered. Then some recent results on inner shell excitations as a function of energy (in high voltage electron microscopy) are given, and the problem of thick samples is rapidly discussed.

The problem of the observation of sensitive materials in electron microscopy is discussed. A simple model is proposed to determine some orders of magnitude on the inelastic mean free path and the elementary volume of defects created during the irradiation with electrons of different energies. This model can …

The Microscopic Structure And Chemistry Of Rapeseed And Its Products, S. H. Yiu, H. Poon, R. G. Fulcher, I. Altosaar

Food Structure

The location and distribution of some of the storage constituents in the structures of rapeseed and its products were investigated. Hand-cut or glycol methacrylate-embedded sections were stained with dyes or fluorochromes of known specificities and examined using fluorescence, bright-field and/or polarizing microscopy. Results obtained from the study were based upon observations of characteristics of the various stainings, birefringence, induced fluorescence and autofluorescence. The effects of enzymatic hydrolysis, solvents and processing on the cellular structures and their affinity for certain dyes/ fluorochromes were also investigated. Major and minor storage constituents were tentatively located in the structure of rapeseed. Lipids and proteins …

Light Microscopy Preparation Techniques For Starch And Lipid Containing Snack Foods, F. Olga Flint

Food Structure

Many processed foods lack the structural integrity associated with biological tissue so that the conventional methods of preparation and staining used in light microscopy may introduce misleading artifacts.

Taking as examples of starch-based processed foods, potato chips (UK potato crisps) and three distinct potato snack foods, methods for preparing and demonstrating the constituents present in cryosections of whole and masticated products are discussed. To show constituents in their true relative locations vapor staining and polarized light are used. Iodine vapor staining indicates the extent of starch gelatinisation in the dry snack and it is also used to show the structural …

Some Effects Of Lipids On The Structure Of Foods, K. Larsson

Food Structure

The functional properties of different lipids in foods are demonstrated and related to the structure of lipid or lipid-water phases. On the basis of new X-ray data on the crystal structure of the B'-form and the a + B' transition in fats, the polymorphic transitions are considered as different lateral arrangements of triglyceride dimers. The physical properties of fat crystals can be explained from the structures, as well as possibilities to influence the polymorphic transitions.

Molecular interaction between polar lipids and proteins or starch is discussed, and the effect of the amylose-lipid inclusion complex on gelatinization temperature and water penetration …

Genetic Recombination In Nocardia Asteroides, Kenneth L. Kasweck, Melissa L. Little

Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Faculty Publications

Gene recombination between strains of N. asteroides of diverse origins has been demonstrated. In particular pairwise combinations, recombinants made up 0.01% of the population. All nine selectable recombinant classes were recovered from a cross between KK4-47 his-10 leu-1 and KK6-119 met-3 phe-3. Recombinants with an auxotrophic marker from each parent constituted 21% of the recombinants.

1982 Beef Cattle Report, Daniel B. Faulkner, John K. Ward, Terry J. Klopfenstein, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln, V. J. Gibney, J. B. Campbell, D. C. Clanton, D. J. Boxler, M. K. Petersen, Robert A. (Bud) Britton, J. K. Ward, G. Llamas, G. H. Deutscher, B. L. Peverley, J. E. Kinder, M. L. Day, K. Imakawa, R. J. Kittok, W. A. Zollinger, M. K. Nielsen, R. M. Koch, D. S. Buchanan, J. T. Nichols, A. M. Gray, Darrel Myran, Keith Dehaan, Rick Stock, Steve Abrams, Dennis Brink, Felipe Cook, John K. Merrill, Mike L. Mcdonnell, Mark Nelson, Ivan Rush, Ray Carr, Warren Sahs, Abe Turgeon Jr., Dave Harmon, Bob Steele, Paul Q. Guyer, Stanley D. Farlin, Gregory Schindler, Stephen Lowry, Roy G. Arnold, Leo E. Lucas

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Maximizing Forage in Beef Growing-Finishing Rations

Computer Simulation of Plant and Animal Growth

Effects of Cattle Lice on Gains of Cattle Fed Varied Nutrition Levels

Bypass Protein from Blood Meal in Range Supplements

Ammonia Treatment of Wheat Straw

Estrous Synchronization Programs Utilizing Utalyse

Endocrine Regulation of Puberty in the Beef Heifer

Dietary Energy Intake Influence-Reproductive Hormone Secretion in Beef Heifers I

Dietary Energy Intake Influence-Reproductive Hormone Secretion in Beef Heifers II

Genetic Trend in Weaning Weight

Genetic Gain Bias in Weaning Weight Estimated Breeding Values

Selection Applied in Three Lines of Hereford Cattle

Response (Estimated and Predicted) to Selection in …

The Voluntary Water Quality Monitoring Program : 1982 Project Report, Barbara Welch, Judy Potvin, Mary Ellen Dennis

Maine Collection

The Voluntary Water Quality Monitoring Program : 1982 Project Report

by Barbara Welch, Judy Potvin & Mary Ellen Dennis

Division of Environmental Evaluation and Lake Studies, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, Maine 1982.

Contents: Understanding Maine's Lakes and Ponds / Acknowledgement / Temperature / Dissolved Oxygen / Other Measures of Lake Water Quality / Nutrients / Algae and Chlorophyll a / Transparency / Morphometry / Sampling / Protection / Classification / Answers to Most Frequently Asked Questions / Glossary of Terms / Appendix A : Maximum, Minimum, and Mean Values / Appendix B : Phosphate Content of Common Cleansers …

The Uptake And Release Of Label From Endocytosed 35so4-Labeled Proteins In Cultured Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages, Susan Patterson Buktenica

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Spatial And Temporal Patterns In The Macrobenthos Of St. Louis Bay, Mississippi, James T. Mcbee, Walter T. Brehm

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Benthic community structure in St. Louis Bay was studied for 23 months. Cluster analyses distinguished two habitats: open water areas and areas near the marshy shores of rivers and bayous. Two groups of “euryhaline opportunistic” species were dominant at the open water stations. Temporal patterns of the “euryhaline opportunists,” which appeared to be controlled by a combination of reproductive pulses and seasonally intense predation, showed that the greatest abundance of macroinfauna occurred during the cooler months with reduced recruitment during the second year. The river-bayou stations were characterized by two groups of “estuarine endemic” species. One of these groups was …

Observations On The Food And Food Habits Of Clapper Rails (Rallus Longirostris Boddaert) From Tidal Marshes Along The East And Gulf Coasts Of The United States, Richard W. Heard

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The feeding habits of five nominal subspecies of clapper rails (Rallus longirostris Boddaert) collected in tidal marshes along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of the United States are compared. Data on the food from the stomachs of 183 rails were analyzed and the earlier literature critically reviewed. During the warmer months (May through early fall), crabs, predominantly Uca spp., comprised the major part of the food items found. Limited data on a few rails collected during late fall and winter, when Uca spp. are not usually available, indicate that snails then become a major part of the clapper rail’s …

Evaluation Of Flow-Through, Static, And Recirculating Systems For The Intensive Culture Of The Gulf Killifish Fundulus Grandis With Observations On A Solar-Heated Recirculating System For The Bait Industry, John T. Ogle, Mobashir A. Solangi

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Three systems (flow-through, static, and recirculating) for intensive culture of the Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) for bait were evaluated. The outdoor recirculating system proved most successful. Killifish maintained in this system attained an average weight of over 2.0 gm in 42 days, an acceptable market size. Whereas the solar-heated recirculating system sustained fish densities equivalent to 1,000,000/ha and a survival rate of 86%, growth of killifish in this system was less than that observed in both the static and outdoor recirculating systems. Algae appeared to be an important nutritional component of the diet of juvenile killifish. Individuals of …

Elevational Variations In The Lowest Limit Of Spartina Colonization In A Virginia Salt Marsh, Thomas G. Reidenbaugh, William C. Banta, Santoria Mendoza, Robert P. Strieter, Michele Varricchio

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Elevations of lowest colonization of smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, were surveyed along the edge of a juvenile salt marsh at Wallops Island, Virginia. This lowest limit of Spartina varied over one-third of the local mean tidal range, with lowest occurrences between mean low water and mean low water neaps. Four geographical factors appeared to influence the lowest limit of Spartina: (1) tidal scouring in areas where tidal channels were constricted, (2) scalloping of the marsh edge over a sloping substrate, (3) patterns of historical development of the marsh, and (4) ice scouring of previously colonized Spartina over winter. …

Size-Specific Emergence Of The Marsh Snail, Littorina Irrorata: Effect Of Predation By Blue Crabs In A Virginia Salt Marsh, Hilary S. Stanhope, William C. Banta, Michael H. Temkin

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Marsh periwinkles of 5 to 7 mm in shell height were eaten regularly by blue crabs. Fractures marking unsuccessful crab attacks were present in about 25% of medium-sized (10-16 mm) snails and over 60% of larger snails (over 16 mm). Medium-sized snails, subject to predation, leave the water more frequently than larger snails, but only about a quarter of the snail population leaves the water during high tide. We found no evidence that the snails leave the water because they sense blue crabs in the water.