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South Dakota Farm & Home Research (Fall 1970), Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

This issue includes the 83rd Annual Experiment Station Annual Report.

Animal Health [p] 4
Community and Public Affairs [p] 6
Crops, Soils, Fertilizers, Weeds [p] 7
Garden and Orchard [p] 12
Home and Consumer [p] 14
Insects [p] 15
Irrigation and Water Resources [p] 17
Livestock [p] 20
Management, Marketing, Business [p] 24
Plant Diseases [p] 27
Pollution and Environment [p] 29
Range [p] 32
Sociology [p] 34
Wildlife and Fisheries [p] 35
Special and Service Type Activities [p] 36
List of Projects [p] 38
List of Publications [p] 41
Financial Statement [p] 52
Staff Members [p] 53
Agricultural Advisory …

Agricultural Experiment Station News October 1970

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE ACTING DIRECTOR'S DESK
1970•71 ENROLLMENTS
PERSONNEL ACTIONS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
GENERAL NOTES
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS - October 1970
BULLETINS PRINTED

Louisiana Agriculture Magazine, Fall 1970, Lsu Agricultural Experiment Station

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Forestry Bulletin No. 21: Diseases Of Forest Trees And Forest Products, A. F. Verrall

Forestry Bulletins No. 1-25, 1957-1972

This bulletin covers the roles and types of diseases and fungi found in forest trees and products. It also discusses principles of disease prevention and control.

Evidences Of Diurnal Feeding Activity In Trichoptera Larvae, John O. Mecom

Journal of the Graduate Research Center

The literature of the aquatic insect order Trichoptera (caddisflies) is extensive. Ross (1944), Denning (1950a, 1950b, 1954, 1956), Banks (1944) and Betten (1934), among others, have been major contributors to the taxonomy and zoogeography of North American species. Important studies of the general ecology of both adult and larval forms have been made by Lloyd (1921), Scott (1958), and Hynes (1961) but Mecom and Cummins (1964) have commented on the limited knowledge of the trophic relationships of Trichoptera. Hanna (1957), Jones (1950), Chapman and Demory (1963) studied the food ingested by Trichoptera larvae, but except for the very limited experiments …

Agricultural Experiment Station News September 1970

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE DIRECTORS OFFICE
EXPERIMENT STATION WORKERS' CONFERENCE
PERSONNEL ACTIONS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
GENERAL NOTES
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS – September 1970

Fine Structure Of The Fibrillar Flight Muscles In The Housefly, Musca Domestica (Diptera), R. S. Sohal, V. F. Allison

Journal of the Graduate Research Center

Insects of the orders Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera have developed an asynchronous flight mechanism. The frequency of the muscle contraction is not directly related to the rate of nervous stimulation (Pringle 1965). An initial nervous stimulus produces an active state in the flight muscle during which a variable number of oscillatory contractions take place. Consequently, insects like the house-fly can maintain a very high frequency of wing beat (180-200 per second). Asynchronous flight muscles differ from the vertebrate skeletal muscles and insect synchronous flight muscles; in the latter each nerve impulse produces a single contraction of the innervated fibres. …

The Psychological Needs Of Hospital Dietary Supportive Personnel, Ralph Morales Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Achieving objectives in hospital food service systems is made more critical by the increasing rate of labor turnover. One of the major emphases that seems to offer promise for solving certain current manpower problems is a better understanding of the factors which may contribute to turnover. A quantitative approach to the identification of human needs in the work environment should provide information relevant to more effective planning and utilization of human resources.

The purpose of this research was to determine if by examining the psychological needs of hospital dietary supportive personnel, information could be derived for more objective management of …

The Effect Of The Parasite Hymenolepis Diminuta On Iodine Economy In The Rat, David Gourdon Holmes

Theses and Dissertations

A balance of iodine within the rats is important for the maintenance of normal thyroid function. Because of Hymenolepis d[imi]nuta's affinity for certain nutrients, it may upset norma[l] iodine balance in the rat. To determine this, tapeworm-infected and non-infected rats were given 125Iodide orally and the percent uptake of iodide by the thyroid and the amount of radioac[tiv]ity in the tapeworms was determined. The percent distribution of the radio-iodinated compounds in the thyroid, tapeworms and feces was also determined. These procedures were repeated except 125Thyroxine was administered orally. There was a decrease in percent iod[id]e uptake by thyroids of tapeworm-infected …

Agricultural Experiment Station News August 1970

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE DIRECTOR'S OFFICE
PERSONNEL ACTIONS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
GENERAL NOTES
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS - AUGUST 1970

Labor Time Analysis By Work Function Activity In Production Of Vegetarian Entrees, Maynard W. Lebrun

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The specific objectives of this research were to (1) develop a method for determining labor time and labor cost of cooks by work functions in the production of selected vegetarian entrees, and (2) determine the percentage relationship of cooks' labor to food cost in selected classifications of entrees.

Application of the continuous time study methodology as developed in this research was restricted to the observation of entree cooks in a 408 bed non-profit university hospital. Observation of work function activities during the first week of a four week cycle menu for three consecutive cycles was classified under three major categories: …

Infectivity And Development Of Trichinella Spiralis In Germ-Free, Monocontaminated And Conventional Mice, Daulat Sitanggang

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of the experiment was to compare the development of Trichinella spiralis in germ-free, Lactobacillus casei monocontaminated, Escherichia coli monocontaminated and conventional mice. The criteria used in the experiments were the recovery of adults and larvae of T. spiralis after 72 hours and one month post-infection, respectively. which gave an indication of the effects of no bacteria or only a certain, single species of bacterium on the development of this nematode in mice.

Germ-free T. spiralis larvae were obtained by washing them several times with sterile normal saline, and treatment with antibiotics. The gavaging procedure was done without anesthetization …

Agricultural Experiment Station News July 1970

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE DIRECTOR'S DESK
DEPARTMENTAL HOUSEKEEPING AND EQUIPMENT REVIEW
PERSONNEL ACTIONS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
GENERAL NOTES
NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS – JULY 1970

South Dakota Farm & Home Research, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

New Office-Lab Building at Southeast Farm [p] 3
Comparing Hay Making Methods [p] 4
Understanding Dutch Elm Disease [p] 8
Super-Layers: More Eggs, Smaller Chickens [p] 13
Adjustments in South Dakota Auction [p] 14
50-Ton-an-Acre Potato Yields [p] 16
For the Record [p] 17
Zinc Supplements for Dairy Cattle [p] 18
Calves Prefer Solid Floor, Sawdust Bedding [p] 20
Oat Yield Losses Due to Weed Control sprays [p] 22
Put Losses to Work If You Can’t Win ’em All [p] 23
Effects of Environment on Beef Cattle [p] 24
Carpet Care, Selection [p] 28
Freeze-Dried Wheat—Potential New Product [p] 32 …

Yield And Value Of Burley 21 Tobacco As Influenced By Nitrogen Nutrition, Suckering Practice, And Harvest Date, J. L. Sims, W. O. Atkinson

Agronomy Notes

An experiment was conducted in the field during 1966 on Maury silt loam soil to obtain information of the effects of agronomic factors on yield and value of Burley 21 tobacco . Ammonium nitrate fertilizer at varying rates, and concentrated super-phosphate and potassium sulfate at constant rates , were broadcast and disked in after plowing and before transplanting. All plots received irrigation water (sprinkler system) to supplement rainfall when soil moisture dropped below 60% of available moisture-holding capacity. Sucker control practices utilized were (a) no topping - no suckering, (b) topping - no suckering, (c) topping - hand suckering, and …

Agricultural Experiment Station News June 1970

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE DIRECTOR'S DESK
COLLEGE OF HOME ECONOMICS
NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS – June 1970
STATION AND RESEARCH BULLETINS PRINTED

Surgical Treatment Of Portal Hypertension: Review Of Henry Ford Hospital Experience, Joseph P. Elliott Jr., Kian H. Wong, Roger F. Smith

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Of 146 operations performed for the complications of portal hypertension in the Henry Ford Hospital between 1927 and August 31, 1969, 114 were portasystemic shunts. Operative mortality, sequelae and long term survival were closely related to the state of the patients' liver function and the urgency of operation.

Genetic And Metabolic Controls For Sulfate Metabolism In Neurospora Crassa: Isolation And Study Of Chromate-Resistant And Sulfate Transport-Negative Mutants, George A. Marzluf

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Mutants of Neurospora resistant to chromate were selected and all were found to map at a single genetic locus designated as cys-13. The chromate-resistant mutants grow at a wild-type rate on minimal media but are partially deficient in the transport of inorganic sulfate, especially during the conidial stage. An unlinked mutant, cys-14, is sensitive to chromate but transports sulfate during the mycelial stage at only 25% of the wild-type rate; cys-14 also grows at a fully wild-type rate on minimal media. The double-mutant strain, cys-13;cys-14, cannot utilize inorganic sulfate for growth and completely lacks the capacity to …

Immune Blocking Of Fluorescent Antibody Staining Of Streptococcus Group A Compared With Anti-Streptolysin O, George K. Peck

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The fluorescent antibody blocking antibody (FABA) test has been discribed and compared with the conventional antistreptolysin 0 antibody (ASOA) test in the detection of Streptococcus pyogenes group A antibodies in sera samples.

A slide inhibition test was used to detect the presence of FABA in the following manner; (a) fix group A streptococcal cells to a slide, (b) incubate these cells with the patient's serum for thirty minutes, (c) wash off serum with buffered saline and dry, (d) incubate these same cells with group A streptococcal fluorescent tagged antibody for thirty minutes, (e) wash and dry as before, and (f) …

Calorigenic Effects Of Thyroxine And Triiodothyronine On Rat Diaphragm., Robert Lee Chambers

Theses and Dissertations

Since the isolation of triiodothyronine (T3) by Pitt-Rivers and Gross (1953) several questions as to its role as a thyroid hormone arose. Does T3 have the same or different actions than that of thyroxine (T4 )? Is T3 an emergency hormone, since its synthesis relative to T4 is greatly increased during periods of low iodine intake and its response time is I/5th that of T4 (Ackerman and Arons, 1958)? Are there any interactions modifying their respective actions?

An In Vivo Perfusion Apparatus For Studies On Gingival Disease In The Albino Rat : Assessment By A Perfusion Of The Enzymes Collagenase And Hyaluronidase, James A. Smith

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This thesis describes an in vivo perfusion apparatus which can continuously deliver controlled quantities of solutions to localized, contralateral intraoral areas in albino rats. Three animals were per fused on the experimental area (the mesial sulcular area of the maxillary first molar) on one side with tap water and Trypan blue. Localization of the solution delivered and minimal histological changes due to the presence of the apparatus was demonstrated on these animals. Solutions of .5%, 1%, and 2% hyaluronidase and collagenase were perfused on the experimental areas of nine animals. When both enzymes were used, hyaluronidase always preceded collagenase in …

Some Effects Of L-Thyroxine On Lipid Deposition During Alcohol Administration, John Marcum

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The experimental procedure described in this thesis consisted of a quanitative lipid analysis, a standard measurement of oxygen consumption, and determinations of fresh liver weight, and total body weight. The lipid analysis involved tissue extraction in a Soxlet apparatus (Rawat and Roy, 1958). The oxygen consumption measurements were made using a small animal respirometer, and fresh liver weights and total body weights were determined with an Ainsworth-Type-I0N analytical balance.

The Effects Of Formaldehyde On The Frequency Of Reversion Of The White-Ivory Mutant Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Ruth Ellen D. Wood

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study is an analysis of the effects of formaldehyde, a chemical which is both recombinogenic and mutagenic, on white-ivory (wⁱ) a highly mutable allele of the white locus of Drosophila. Formaldehyde is shown to significantly increase the reversion frequency of wⁱ. The results of this investigation differ from earlier observations in three respects: (1) there is a positive correlation between RNA (ribonucleic acid) concentration and reversion frequency in the presence of formaldehyde, but reversion does not appear to be totally RNA dependent; (2) female germ cells are more sensitive than those of the male; …

Taxonomy And Ecology Of Fungi Imperfecti From Four Locations In Utah Lake, Utah Co., Utah, Laird Max Hartman

Theses and Dissertations

Fungi imperfecti were cultured from water and bottom sediment samples collected at four locations of Utah Lake. These study sites included: (a) The mouth of Provo River, the largest fresh-water tributary entering Utah Lake, (b) Mud Lake, a large shallow area known for its high nitrogen content, (c) the entrance of the Spanish Fork River into the lake, a large fresh-water tributary containing wastes from industry and agricultural enterprises, (d) Jordan River, the only natural outlet of Utah Lake. One hundred and thirty-eight species of fungi imperfecti were identified. A total of 89 species were isolated from the Spanish Fork …

The Influence Of Trace Elements On Anemia, Yung-Fun Wang

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The fact that anemias constitute an important problem of public health has been realized only comparatively recently. When field surveys made in different countries before and after World War II had collected a great deal of information on dietary habits, food consumption levels, and nutritional status , it became more apparent that mild, moderate, and even severe anemic states existed in different communities. As was to be expected, anemia occurred more frequently in the malnourished people in the developing countries and the vulnerable groups of the population were the most affected (FAO/WHO Report, 1966).

Development Of A Whey-Based Lactic Culture Medium Capable Of Bacteriophage Inhibition, Chao Tung Cheng

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A whey product has been formulated for use as a lactic starter medium. Phosphate-treated whey medium (PWM) has been shown to support growth of lactic cultures and prevent phage proliferation. Comparisons were made of a commercial phage inhibitory medium (PIM), reconstituted non-fat dry milk (NDM) and PWM. PWM inhibited all phages tested and stimulated starter growth. PWM was not as stimulating as PIM but was better than NDM. Good Cheddar cheese has been made using PWM. PWM is more economical than PIM but NDM is the most economical one if cheese yield is considered.

Effects Of Controlled Atmosphere Storage On Specific Biochemical Changes In Apricot And Peach Fruits, Bartley Norman Wankier

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of controlled atmosphere storage vs conventional refrigerated storage on the metabolism of Moorpark and Large Early Montgamet apricot and Elberta peach fruits were studied. The controlled atmospheres studied were 0.0 percent CO₂-5.0 percent O₂; 2.5 percent CO₂-5.0 percent O₂; 5.0 percent CO₂-2.5 percent O₂; 7.5 percent CO₂-5.0 percent O₂; as compared to conventional refrigerated storage. Nitrogen percent was assumed to be the difference between the total CO₂ and O₂ content minus 100.

Fruits were periodically removed from the storage and …

The Effects Of Sources And Levels Of Vitamin A And D On Some Aspects Of Sulfur Metabolism, Akbar Malekpour

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two trials were conducted using 48 infant pigs of both sexes. Pigs were taken from the sow when three to seven days old and placed in wire-bottomed metal cages by pairs. Animals in the first trial received synthetic diets containing 100 or 1000 international units of ergocalciferol and 1000 or 4000 international units of retinyl acetate or four or sixteen milligrams of beta carotene per kilogram of feed. Baby pigs in the second trial received the same synthetic diet plus 1000 international units of ergocalciferol (D₂) or cholecalciferol (D₃) and 2000 international units of vitamin A …

Raffinose In The Sugarbeet (Beta Vulgaris): I. Biosynthesis And Degradation In The Root; Ii. Hydrolysis In Molasses With Sweet Almond Emulsin, Te-Chao Chuang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

PART I

The precursors for the biosynthesis of raffinose in sugarbeets were studied.

An enzyme preparation was obtained from the sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) root. Incubation of this enzyme with (X-galactose-1-phosphate, Uridine triphosphate (UTP), Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), and L- cysteine at pH 5, 10°c for 6 hours formed a compound which was identified as raffinose by a hydrolysis method and thin- layer chromatography. The same result was obtained when Uridinediphosphate (UDP)-galactose was incubated with sucrose, ATP , MgCl₂, and L- cysteine in the presence of the beet enzyme preparation. These reactions suggested …

Effects Of Water Hardness On Processed Quality Of Carrots, Sweet Cherries, And Apricots, Jack C. Chiang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Honey Sweet carrots were canned with Ethyienediamine tetracetic acid (CaNa₂EDTA) and Sodium hexametaphosphate (Ha-HMP) at five different water hardness (0 , 20, 40, 80, 160 ppm of calcium and 20 of magnesium) , then stored at temperatures of 70 and 100 F. Evaluations were made at sixty-day i intervals for six months. Firmness and color degradation decreased significantly when water hardness or storage time increased. Under storage at 100 F and 0 hardness of water, the decrease of color and firmness was constantly accelerated.

When hard water (above 80 ppm or below 40 ppm) was used for …