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Resurgence Of Nilaparvata Lugens (Stål) Populations As Influenced By Method And Timing Of Insecticide Applications In Lowland Rice, E. A. Heinrichs, G. B. Aquino, S. Chelliah, S. L. Valencia, W. H. Reissig

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Resurgence of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) after insecticide application is a common phenomenon in rice in South and Southeast Asia. Among other insecticides inducing resurgence, carbofuran, decamethrin, and methyl parathion were selected for this study. Of the various methods of carbofuran application tested, foliar sprays were most active in inducing resurgence. Extent of resurgence was highly influenced by time of insecticide application. Sprays of methyl parathion and decamethrin applied 50 and 65 days after transplanting (DT) induced resurgence in the third generation of N. lugens at ca. 90 DT, whereas earlier applications had little effect. The cause(s) for resurgence was not …

Blood Flow And Nutrient Uptake Of The Bovine Uterus And Fetus, Calvin L. Ferrell, Ronald L. Prior, Ronald K. Christenson, Stephen P. Ford

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Basic knowledge of the nutritional and hormonal requirements for normal development of the fetus and other gravid uterine tissues is essential to establish bases from which to study factors that my contribute to abnormal fetal development. Despite recognition of this necessity, few data are available that describe blood flow to the gravid uterus of cows. Data obtained by Ferrell and Ford (1980) indicated blood flow to the gravid uterus was 75, 155, 154, 105, and 60 ml/min/kg at 80, 140, 180, 210, and 240 days of gestation. Silver and Comline (1975) reported blood flow to be 312±20 ml/min/kg gravid uterus …

Decreasing The Postcalving Anestrous Period In Suckled Beef Heifers, Sherrill E. Echternkamp

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

The interval from calving to first ovulation was reduced to less than 45 days in 2-year-old suckled heifers by feeding a high energy diet (ADG, 1.4-2.5 lb/day) during the postcalving period or by a single injection of exogenous gonadotropin (2,250 IU PMSG) on day 42 postcalving. A comparison of reproductive parameters for heifers on the high and low energy (maintenance) diets during the postcalving period indicated that a higher percentage of heifers on the high energy diet had ovulated by 46 days postcalving (100 vs 0 %) and that both basal plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration and estrogen-mediated LH release …

Performance Characteristics Of Feedlot Bulls And Steers Implanted With Estradiol-17Β, Bruce D. Schanbacher, Ronald L. Prior

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Bulls were shown to grow more rapidly (+18%) and convert feed to live weight gain more efficiently (22% less feed) when compared to steers. Whereas bulls had larger loin eye areas and yielded a higher percentage of major retail cuts, marbling scores and quality grades were similar for bulls and steers. Implants containing estradiol-17β dipropionate had no major effects on performance characteristics of steers but reduced the performance of bulls to approximately that of steers. Our research shows that estradiol can suppress performance of feedlot bulls by inhibiting testosterone secretion from the testes.

Beef Research Program Progress Report No. 1 (1982): Table Of Contents

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

ROMAN L. HRUSKA U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER, Robert R. Oltjen........iii

BREEDING AND GENETICS

Sixteen years of selection for weaning weight, final weight, and muscling score in Hereford cattle: Robert M. Koch, Larry V. Cundiff, and Keith E. Gregory. . . . . . . . . . . .. 1

Effects of heterosis in Hereford, Angus, and Shorthorn rotational crosses: Larry V. Cundiff, Keith E. Gregory, and Robert M. Koch. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 3

Heterosis and breed maternal and transmitted effects in beef cattle: Keith E. Gregory, Larry …

Effect Of Grain Source And Dietary Level Of Oat Hulls On Phosphorus And Calcium Utilization In The Growing Pig, R. L. Moser, E. R. Peo, Jr., B. D. Moser, A. J. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three metabolism trials were conducted to determine the effect of grain source and dietary level of oat hulls on dry matter digestibility, P and Ca retention and intestinal phytase activity of growing pigs. Twenty-four crossbred pigs (39 kg)were used. Dry matter digestibilities of corn-based diets were greater (P<.01) than grain sorghum-based diets (74.7 vs 63.5%). Diets containing 10% oat hulls had lower (P<.01) dry matter digestibilities than diets containing no oat hulls (64.0 vs 74.2%).

Clover Scorch Fungicide Trials, Cercospora Leaf Spot Of Sub Clover, Lupinosis Control., A Bokor

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

82 AL 60, Clover scorch fungicide trials. Aim: Test a range of new fungicides for clover scorch control in comparison with Benlate. Comments: DPX 164-2 and Bavistin gave excellent disease control even at the lower rate. Benlate and Tilt were still satisfactory but control was not as good at the lower rate. Bayleton and Baycor gave some disease control but only at the higher rate. Cercospora leaf spot could be found on most plots with careful search. Economically important damage has occurred only on a few plots. Pseudopeziza leaf spot was notably absent during this season compared with others. 83 …

Earthworms Of Two Minnesota Forest Areas, R. O. Morgenweck, W. H. Marshall

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

This paper reviews Lumbricidae records for Minnesota and reports on two collections in northern areas of the state. The first site, Itasca State Park, lies to the northwest with "Maple-basswood representative of climax forest to the south and southeast" and " Spruce-fir stands representative of climax forest to the north and northeast" (Buell and Gordon 1945). The Cloquet Forestry Center (CFC); site of the other collection, is near Duluth, 150 miles to the east, where the forests are largely coniferous. Here seven forest types, as described by Wenstrom (1973), and known to be used by American woodcock (Philohela minor), were …

Fifth Biennial Cheese Industry Conference, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

Proceedings From The 19th Annual Marschall Invitational Italian Cheese Seminar 1982, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

Grain Structure And End-Use Properties, Y. Pomeranz

Food Structure

Practical implications of grain structure relate to every step from grain development and production through market ing to processing, utilization, and consumption . The structure and adherence of the hulls may contribute to protection of grain during germination or malting and protection against insect infestations . Germ retention during threshing and separation during processing depend on the germ structure and location in the kernel. The subaleurone and central endosperm layers differ in cell size, shape, and structure and in composition, especially with regard to protein contents and quality. The main factors in grain hardness are the intrinsic hardness of the …

Ultrastructural Studies Of Milk Digestion In The Suckling Rat, P. B. Berendsen

Food Structure

The structure of milk in the stomach and proximal small intestine of suckling rats at 12 and 24 hours, 5, 10 and 15 days of age was examined by scanning and by transmission electron microscopy. The milk curd in the gastric lumen consisted of chains of casein micelles which entrapped milk fat globules. The appearance was similar to that reported for bovine milk curd and cottage cheese. The gastric milk curd at 12 and 24 hours also contained large masses of granules 4-8 nm in diameter. The relationship of these particles to casein micelles is unknown.

Casein micelles in the …

Fluorescence Microscopy Of Cereals, R. G. Fulcher

Food Structure

The fluorescence microscope is one of the most sensitive instruments available for morphological and microchemical analysis of biological material, and especially of cereal grains. Recent innovations in illuminating systems, fluorescence chemistry, and specimen preparation have combined to provide significant improvements over conventional bright-field microscopy in both specificity and sensitivity. A variety of relatively specific fluorescent markers has been devised for routine and high resolution detection of all major cereal components. Several examples of useful fluorescent markers are described, including appropriate methods for specimen preparation, fluorescence analysis, and photography.

Food Microstructure: An Integrative Approach, E. A. Davis, J. Gordon

Food Structure

The integration of information at all levels of organization in a food system - atomic and molecular through macroscopic properties is illustrated with cake batters as an example of a formulated food and bovine muscle as an example of a biologically intact, non-formulated food. Direct examples are given using macroscopic data collected in heat and water transport studies followed by integration of microscopical data for interpretive purposes.

The contribution of starch gelatinization to the characteristics of water loss in batter is related to events such as loss of brief ringence as seen by polarizing microscopy , differential heat input as …

Effect Of Breed And Postweaning Rate Of Gain On Onset Of Puberty And Productive Performance Of Heifers, Calvin L. Ferrell

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Age at puberty is an important production trait in beef cattle where heifers are bred to calve at 2 years of age, especially when a restricted breeding season is used. It is not only important that heifers breed and conceive, but, for maximum efficiency, they should breed and conceive early in the breeding season. Thus, age at puberty may be an important selection trait for identifying breeds most suited for efficient utilization of feed resources. Several researchers have demonstrated large differences among breed or breed cross in age at puberty of heifers. Other researchers have demonstrated that undernutrition may result …

Methane And Protein From Beef Cattle Manure, Andrew G. Hashimoto, Yud-Ren Chen, Vincent H. Varel, Ronald L. Prior

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Dwindling supplies of conventional fossil fuels have prompted renewed interest in recovering energy through the bioconversion of waste organic materials. The large quantities of manure produced in confinement feedlots and the need to manage this manure effectively make feedlots a logical choice for assessing the feasibility of recovering methane and protein through anaerobic fermentation.

Research at U.S. Meat Animal Research Center is designed to determine the technical and economic feasibility of recovering methane and protein from beef cattle manure.

Specific Objectives are to:

1. Develop design criteria for optimum production of methane and protein through anaerobic fermentation of beef cattle …

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Mean Animal Research Center: Overview On Center

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

The Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (U.S. Meat Animal Research Center) was authorized by Congress on June 16, 1964, thereby creating a single facility that provides an unusual opportunity for making major contributions to the solution of problems facing the U.S. livestock industry. Development of the 35,000-acre facility started in the spring of 1966 and is continuing at the present time. Phase I construction, consisting of an office-laboratory building for intensive investigations, was completed in January 1971. These facilities provide a physical plant for 42 scientists and about 200 support personnel. Phase II construction, consisting of the …

Reproductive Biology Of Cheirostemon Platanoides (Sterculiaceae): I. Factors Influencing Nectar Properties, Ron Scogin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Sugar: The Effects It Has On Classroom Behavior, Lou Anderholt

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of The Pericarp And Testa Of Several Sorghum Varieties, C. F. Earp, L. W. Rooney

Food Structure

Pericarp thickness (determined by Z gene) varies greatly among sorghum varieties ranging· from very thin (8 ~ m) to very thick (160 ~m ) . Pericarp thickness also varies within an individuual kernel. The areas below the style and near the hilum are the thickest with the sides of the kernel being thinnest . Scanning electron microscopy was used to document differences in pericarp thickness and to explain milling differences . Varieties with a thick pericarp had starch granules in the mesocarp cell layers. Sorghums with a thin pericarp did not have starch granules in the mesocarp except near the …

Structure And Properties Of The Particulate Constituents Of Human Milk. A Review., M. Ruegg, B. Blanc

Food Structure

Milk contains different types of colloidal or coarsely dispersed particles, such as casein micelles, membrane fragments, fat globules and cells. The fat globules are composed of subpopulations of differently sized particles. In contrast to COW 1S milk, the overall average diameter (dys), increases with advancing lactation from about 1.8 ~min colostrum to 4.0 ~min mature milk. Membrane materials originating from the milk fat globule membrane, plasma membrane, secretory vesicles and other sources can be found in milk serum. These particles have also been called lipoprotein particles. Their size ranges from about 10 - 400 nm. New results concerning the structure …

Effect Of Stocking Density On Channel Catfish Growth, Survival And Food Conservation Efficiency In Cages, Walter R. Robison, Scott H. Newton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Veal Re-Vealed: The Veal Industry, Peter C. Lovenheim

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Veal is meat that comes from the male offspring of dairy cows. These animals are not grown to maturity for beef because dairy breeds have been developed primarily for their milk-producing capability and not for the quality of their meat. Therefore, these animals are slaughtered as calves and marketed as "veal."

Veal-Revealed: The Controversy And New Developments, Dana Murphy

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Veal is meat that comes from the male offspring of dairy cows. These animals are not grown to maturity for beef because dairy breeds have been developed primarily for their milk-producing capability and not for the quality of their meat. Therefore, these animals are slaughtered as calves and marketed as "veal." In May 1981, the HSUS sent a letter to all veal industry companies raising concerns about current veal-rearing practices. Industry spokespersons defended the current system but have also been exploring changes in calf-rearing practices.

No Need To Be Boxed In: Group Pens And Grain For Veal Calves, Michael S. Mosner

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author’s family has been in the wholesale veal business for 30 years. The basis of this business has been various breeds of female beef calves that are slaughtered at less than 500 lb. These calves are allowed to suck from cows and graze until they are ready for market. However, beef calves tend to vary in quality and quantity depending on the time of the year they are purchased and raised. Generally, calves become scarce in the spring, when feeders are buying calves to put out on pasture. The author comments on the future of the veal industry.

Reporting Requirements Under The Animal Welfare Act: Their Inadequacies And The Public's Right To Know, M. Solomon, P. C. Lovenheim

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The Animal Welfare Act is the only federal statute designed to protect animals used in laboratory research. This law requires research facilities to register with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and meet minimum housing standards, care, and treatment standards for most warm-blooded animals. The Act is administered by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), an agency of the USDA. Research institutions are required to file annual reports. However, the reports are frequently deficient. The authors argue that the USDA should issue clear definitions for what is meant by “pain” and “distress. ” They should also provide further …

The Economics Of Farm Animal Welfare, A. J. K. Webster

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The number of ways one can be nice or nasty to animals is legion. This article will consider only one very specific aspect of farm animal welfare, namely, those systems of intensive animal production in which the system itself, irrespective of the quality of the stockmanship within the system appears to restrict the normal behavior of farm animals to an unacceptable degree. The systems that were considered by the House of Commons Select Committee on Agriculture (1981) include egg production from hens in battery cages, production of veal from calves deprived of solid food and isolated in wooden crates, and …

The Oxford Vegetarians - A Personal Account, Peter Singer

Human Health Collection

People coming together more or less by accident can have a catalytic effect on each other, so that each achieves more than he or she would have done alone. The Bloomsbury Group--G.E. Moore, Virginia and Leonard Woolf, E.M. Forster, J.M. Keynes, Vanessa and Clive Bell, Lytton Strachey and others--is a famous example. It would be immodest to suggest that the group of vegetarians who were together in Oxford from 1969 to about 1971 can compare with these illustrious figures; yet if the animal liberation movement ever succeeds in transforming our attitudes to other species, the Oxford Vegetarians may one day …

Reporting Requirements Under The Animal Welfare Act: Their Inadequacies And The Public's Right To Know, Mark Solomon, Peter C. Lovenheim

Laws and Legislation Collection

We conclude from the analysis that the Reporting System, as presently administered, fails to achieve its primary statutory objective: it does not provide APHIS with information sufficient to demonstrate that researchers have used pain-relieving drugs "appropriately" and in accordance with "professionally acceptable standards." The chief reasons for this failing are (1) regulations and guidelines do not define "pain" or "distress," (2) regulations and guidelines do not adequately define "routine procedures," and (3) regulations and guidelines do not require meaningful explanations for the withholding of pain-relieving drugs in procedures acknowledged to cause pain.

Dietary Observations On The Red, Fig-Eating Bat (Stenoderma Rufum) In Puerto Rico, Ron Scogin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.