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Simulation Of Heterosis Effects On Costs Of Pork Production, G. L. Bennett, M. W. Tess, G. E. Dickerson, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Individual plus maternal heterotic effects on swine production were simulated with a bioeconomic model by changing performance levels of eight traits: -8 d in age at puberty, +3% in conception rate, +.94 in pigs born/litter, +.035 kg in pig birth weight, +2.05 Mcal•sow^-1•d ^-1 in maximum milk output, +8% in preweaning survival, +10.8% in protein growth rate and +17.3% in fat growth rate. Associated heterosis simulated for other traits, such as weaning weights and postweaning gain/feed, was similar to experimental results. Effects of heterosis on biological (feed Mcal/kg) and economic ($/kg) costs were evaluated by simulating two- and …

The Effects Of Varying Doses Of Orally Ingested Bee Pollen Extract Upon Total Exercise Time To Exhaustion Performance Recovery And Ratings Of Perceived Exertion, Michael Lee Woodhouse

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of varying doses of orally ingested bee pollen extract upon (1) treadmill run time to exhaustion and (2) initial ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) . Subjects consisted of five male aerobically trained athletes with an age range of 21 - 35 years. The subjects individually volunteered for the study and were active members of a local running club, The Tidewater Striders.

The bee pollen was given in three dosages (0, 1350 mg, 2700 mg). The three test periods on the treadmill consisted of six runs to exhaustion with a …

Investigation Of The Substrate Binding Site Of Nad Glycohydrolase In Human Seminal Plasma, Sau C. Cheung

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase (NADase) (E.C. 3.2.2.5) from human seminal plasma (HSP) was partially purified through a multistep purification procedure, including affinity chromatography on Amicon Red Matrex Gel A. The NADase activity was assayed by a fluorometric method with nicotinamide 1,N⁶ -ethenoadenine dinucleotide as the substrate. The enzymatic cleavage of etheno-NAD by NADase was accompanied by an eight-fold increase in fluorescence. This large increase in fluorescence provided a sensitive way to follow the rate of etheno-NAD hydrolysis.

NADase was found to be less specific for the purine moiety of NAD, since etheno-NAD was accepted as a substrate. The enzyme …

Creative Mechanists: Putting Things In Order (Text And Audio), J. Robert Hippensteele

Honorees for Teaching Excellence

This Century Club presentation is titled "Creative Mechanists: Putting Things in Order." The text of the speech is available for download above and to the right; it was published in the July 1983 IWU Bulletin, see https://collections.carli.illinois.edu/digital/collection/iwu_bullet/id/3069/rec/6

1983 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Agricultural Experiment Station News March 1983

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
AES ADVISORY COUNCIL
FACULTY SENATE COMMITTEES
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR POSITION
NEWSWORTHY PROJECTS
NEW PROJECTS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
BUDGET MEETINGS SCHEDULED FOR APRIL
SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT INVENTORY

Index Selection And Feed Intake Restriction In Swine, I: Effect On Rate And Composition Of Growth, Erik R. Cleveland, R. K. Johnson, R. W. Mandigo

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of index selection for increased average daily gain and decreased backfat, and the effects of restriction of daily feed intake, on rate and composition of growth in swine. A total of 53 barrows from select and control lines were randomly assigned to three feeding levels at 83 d of age, and 33 littermate barrows were slaughtered to establish initial body composition. The trial was approximately 105 d and the feeding levels were twice daily to appetite (AP), once daily feeding of 91% of appetite (AP9l) and once daily feeding of …

Index Selection And Feed Intake Restriction In Swine, Ii: Effect On Energy Utilization, Erik R. Cleveland, R. K. Johnson, R. W. Mandigo, E. R. Peo Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Fifty-three index select and control line barrows were randomly assigned to three feeding levels at 83 d of age. They were slaughtered at approximately 188 d of age to determine the effects of index selection (for increased average daily gain and decreased backfat) and level of feed intake on energy utilization. During the trial, the feed intake levels were twice daily to appetite (AP), once daily feeding of 91% of appetite (AP91) or once daily feeding of 82% of appetite (AP82) intake. The metabolizable energy intake required per kilogram of edible lean deposited (Mcal/kg) was reduced (P.75)^-1 x day …

The Distribution Of Macrobenthos In Barataria Basin, Louisiana, Antonio Liborio Philomena

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Macrobenthos and environmental variables were measured in the Barataria basin, Louisiana, at 32 stations in November 1978. Three of the stations (Lake Salvador, Little Lake and St. Denis Bayou) were sampled bimonthly from November 1977 through November 1978. Abundance, diversity, and biomass results indicated two different areas: fresh, low-salinity habitats in the upper and middle basin with high biomass, abundance, and diversity, and high-salinity habitats in the lower basin with low biomass, abundance, and diversity. Over the whole basin, crustaceans were the most abundant organisms, while the mollusks dominated the biomass. Insects, nematodes, and oligochaetes were characteristic of freshwater habitats, …

Agricultural Experiment Station News February 1983

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
TRAVEL TO SCHOLARLY MEETINGS
PROFESSIONAL TRAVEL FUNDS
GRANT PROPOSALS TO COMMODITY CHECK-OFF BOARDS
AES ADVISORY COUNCIL
AES DIRECTOR'S OFFICE MOVES
NATIONAL AG LIBRARY
APPROVED PROJECTS
AES GRANTS RECEIVED FOR 1ST SIX MONTHS OF FY 83
New Experiment Station Personnel

Evaluation Of Yield And Quality Components Of Lolium X Festuca Hybrids, An, G.S. Speer, D.W. Allinson, W.W. Washko

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Southern Pine Beetle: Annotated Bibliography, 1868-1982, David Kulhavy, Paul C. Johnson

eBooks

The FAMULUS computerized literature retrieval system was used to produce an annotated bibliography for the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. The bibliography contains 1,235 citations and is cross indexed by AUTHOR, TAXONOMY and KEYS to subject areas.

Relative Intestine Length And Feeding Ecology Of Freshwater Fishes, David O. Ribble, M H. Smith

Biology Faculty Research

There is a significant relationship between the intestine length (Y) and total body length (X) for 11 species of freshwater fish (Y = 0.08X1.42). Sufficient variation exists about this relationship to indicate important differences among the species' diets. The diets for each species, ranked on a Trophic Index scale determined from literature data, are negatively rank order correlated with the mean relative intestine lengths (rs = -0.67). There is no significant rank order correlation between the Trophic Indices determined from data on stomach contents and the mean relative intestine lengths for fish from a single creek.

Systematic And Ecological Wood Anatomy Of Caliifornian Scrophulariaceae. I. Antirrhinum, Castilleja, Galvezia, And Mimulus Sect. Diplacus, David C. Michener

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Aspects Of The Biology Of The Spotted Seatrout, Cynoscion Nebulosus, In Mississippi, Robin M. Overstreet

Gulf and Caribbean Research

About 3,000 specimens of the spotted seatrout from Mississippi Sound and adjacent water grouped by males and females had a nearly identical standard length (SL) versus total length (TL) relationship, although the equation for males in winter differed from that for those in other seasons. When investigating the SL-weight relationship, some differences occurred both among seasons and between sexes. Therefore, condition coefficients (K) were calculated to compare male and female groups according to their length and state of maturation on a seasonal basis. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) tended to increase with fish length, with relatively high values occurring in winter …

A Review Of The Muscle Cell Cytoskeleton And Its Possible Relation To Meat Texture And Sarcolemma Emptying, D. W. Stanley

Food Structure

A review of the muscle cytoskeleton is presented. Current evidence leads to the concept of a muscle cell cytoskeleton consisting of at least two elements - gap filaments which are located parallel to the fiber ax~s and provide intracellular elasticity and tensile strength and intermediate filameots found in the zdisc area that function to connect adjacent Z- discs and promote lateral registration. The former constituent consists of the high molecular weight protein connectin (titinl while the latter is composed of the smaller protein desmin (skeletinl. Both proteins exist in filamentous form, are susceptible to proteolysis and are insoluble in physiological …

Development Of Microstructure In Set-Style Nonfat Yogurt - A Review, Miloslav Kalab, Paula Allan-Wojtas, Beverley E. Phipps-Todd

Food Structure

The development of microstructure in natural set-style nonfat yoghurt was stud i ed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition to thin-sectioning and conventional SEM described in the literature, this review illustrates gelation of milk with micrographs obtai ned by rotary shadowing of casein micelles and their clusters. The existence of void spaces occupied by lactic acid bacteria in yoghurt was con finned by cold-stage SEM of uncoa ted specimens. The microstructure of yoghurt is affected by the preheat treatment of milk, bacterial starter cultures, total solids content , and the presence of thickening agents. …

G83-655 Management Of Early Weaned Calves, Paul Q. Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the benefits and disadvantages of weaning beef calves early, including rations and methods for both drylot and pasture-grain feeding programs.

Early weaning of beef calves is a management practice that should be considered under situations such as fall calving, drylot cow-calf production and drought. In areas where forage quality is very poor in late summer and early fall, early weaning might also be considered as a regular practice. Early weaning can enhance the efficiency of drylot cow-calf operations by allowing greater use of poor quality roughages by the cow herd.

Multiple Captures Of Peromyscus Le Uco Pus: Social Behavior In A Small Rodent, James M. Novak

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

The capture of more than one individual in a live trap can often provide information on the social behavior of small mammals, but the conclusions drawn from these data will depend on the type of live trap used. Davis (1955) and Getz (1972) used multiple capture traps and analyzed their data with respect to attraction and repulsion of individuals both within and between different age and sex classes. Petersen (1975), Feldhamer (1977), Blaustein and Rothstein (1978), Jenkins and Llewellyn (1981) and Spencer et al. (1982) gained information on the formation of associations during foraging and dispersal from multip~ captures made …

Agricultural Water Quality Criteria : Irrigation Aspects., P R. George

Resource management technical reports

Water quality criteria for irrigation are imprecise. The final result of quality evaluation depends on plant, soil and climatic variables all of which can be inter-dependent. A range of management strategies of varying complexity are available to mitigate the effects of poor quality water. The heavy winter rainfall in the south-west of Western Australia affects the applicability of published salinity criteria most of which have been developed in arid and semi-arid environments with little effective rainfall.

The Effects Of Commercial Processing On The Structure And Microchemical Organization Of Rapeseed, S. H. Yiu, I. Altosaar, R. G. Fulcher

Food Structure

Rapeseed samples collected from different processing stages were obtained from one commercial crushing plant for the present investigation. The samples included (A) whole seeds, (B) flaked seeds, (C) press cakes, (D) solvent extracted meal, (E) desolventized meal and (F) cooled, desolventized meal . Frozen and/or glycol met hacrylate-embedded sections of the samples were examined using the techniques of fluorescence microscopy. Mechanical crushing tended to disrupt cell walls. After cooking and expeller pressing, individual protein bodies fused to form large masses encompassing phytin containing globoids. Storage lipids also coalesced into larger droplets. Most of the oil was removed after solvent extraction …

The Effects Of Ethostasis On Farm Animal Behavior: A Theoretical Overview, A. F. Fraser, M. W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Ethostasis – the effect of constraining husbandry practices on animal behavior – is described and discussed. The review describes specific husbandry practices that may give rise to behavioral anomalies and how these anomalous behaviors may be of diagnostic value. Ready identification may facilitate correcting problems leading to lower productivity, diseases, and economic losses.

Too Much Of A Good Thing: Protein And A Dog's Diet, Dana Murphy

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Murphy examines messages promoting the benefits of high-protein dog foods and then discusses the health effects of too much protein in a dog’s diet.

The Agricide Treadmill And Farm Animal Welfare, Michael W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author cites publications that argue that agriculture in the United States is on a treadmill where farmers continually compete to reduce their food production costs. The consequence has been a reduction in farm animal welfare.

The Effects Of Ethostasis On Farm Animal Behavior: A Theoretical Overview, A. F. Fraser, M. W. Fox

Ethology Collection

The solution of animal problems that occur on the farm requires a holistic and multidisciplinary orientation and analysis, as well as the acquisition of new investigatory tools by both veterinarians and animal scientists. Field studies may be modeled under more controlled laboratory conditions, but the most relevant investigations must take place on the farm, and the first level of analysis should be ethological. Domestic animal behavior can be monitored and quantified like any other factor in the animals' environment; yet it has been virtually ignored in the development of new livestock husbandry systems.

The relationships between husbandry systems, disease problems, …

Feral Dogs Of The Galapágos Islands: Impact And Control, Bruce D. Barnett, Robert L. Rudd

Ecology Collection

Organisms introduced onto insular ecosystems, after they have become established, frequently increase to destructive numbers. Several species of mammals introduced onto the Galapagos Islands illustrate this ecological axiom. For example, domestic dogs intentionally introduced now exist as three major types: domestic, free--ranging or pariah, and feral. Problems derived from their presence are most apparent on the islands of Santa Cruz and lsabela. Feral and pariah dogs are both scavengers and predators. While other introduced mammals (chiefly feral cattle and pigs) have served as prey, in recent years severe depredations on the unique endemic Ga/apagan fauna have been caused by the …

Too Much Of A Good Thing: Protein And A Dog's Diet, Dana H. Murphy

Pets Collection

Where the analysis done by Kronfeld on stress in dogs goes awry is in its implication that this conversion of protein reserves occurs during a mild or transient period of emotional turmoil. In point of fact, catabolism of proteins only begins after an extended duration of severe stress, as a consequence of an extreme condition like a long sled race or a bad infection. Therefore, a mildly stressed animal probably needs carbohydrates (and perhaps fats) far more than supplemental protein, since the former can be quickly and easily converted into bodily fuel. And in the case of the stress induced …

A Survey Of Animal Behavior-Related Research And Teaching Activities In North American Agricultural And Veterinary Medical Colleges, W. R. Stricklin

Ethology Collection

A letter questionnaire was used to survey animal behavior-related research and teaching efforts in U.S.A. and Canadian university animal sciences departments (agriculture) and veterinary medical colleges. The objectives of the eleven questions of the survey were to identify behavior workers and to determine the current and planned levels of emphasis on research and teaching activities in domestic animal behavior. During 1981, questionnaires were mailed to 162 deans and chairmen, and 102 were answered and returned. Twenty-three persons were identified as having appointments specifically or primarily in animal behavior, and 99 persons were identified as having appointments that had some responsibilities …

Environmental Psychology And Great Ape Reproduction, Terry L. Maple

Zoos and Aquariums Collection

At the 1980 Great Ape Infertility Workshop, we concluded that "physical and social environments must be improved if not optimized if great apes are to reproduce satisfactorily ... " In 1982, the trend toward improvement continues and there are some promising signs that reproduction has been enhanced as predicted. The problem of designing and evaluating captive environments which will facilitate interaction, reproduction, appropriate parenting, and socialization is well within the scope of Environmental Psychology. I intend to illustrate the promise of this applied research field in the remarks that follow.

Prostaglandin F2a Induced Nest Building Behavior In The Non-Pregnant Sow, And Some Welfare Considerations, Judith K. Blackshaw

Agribusiness Collection

Nest building behavior, induced with intramuscular injections of prostaglandin F2_a (PGF2_a), was studied in non-pregnant sows. Acute effects, which included salivation, scratching, vomiting, defaecation and ataxia, were also recorded. Sows (Large White x Landrace) were housed in two different environments; six sows in bare pens and six sows in pens provided with bedding material. In all cases except one (bare pen) nest building sequences of differing intensities were recorded. Welfare suggestions include questioning the justification of using a drug (PGF2_a) in pig husbandry, which has unpleasant acute effects, and the suggestion that the provision of …