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The Fine Structure Of The Human Placental Villus As Revealed By Scanning Electron Microscopy, G. J. Burton

Scanning Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy of the placenta has a history of only twenty years. During that time, however, there have been dramatic advances in instrument technology coupled with the refinement of preparative techniques designed to reduce fixation artifacts to a minimum. As a result many of the early claims must be amended or suitably qualified, and this is one aim of the present review.

Much new data on the internal structure of the placental villus is also presented. By means of the partial digestion technique it is now possible to describe the three dimensional configuration of the various components of the …

Growth Rate Of Stony Corals Of Broward County, Florida: Effects From Past Beach Renourishment Projects, Richard E. Dodge, Broward County Erosion Prevention District Environmental Quality Control Board

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

The skeletal growth of hermatypic (reef-building) corals is a sensitive indicator of environmental conditions and perturbations. In particular, excessive sedimentation and turbidity act to depress coral growth because energy expenditure is required to remove sediment and because turbidity reduces light energy necessary for coral health and nutrition.

Normalized annual growth (linear skeletal extension) rates of Broward County, Florida reef-building corals were over 16 years (1985-1970). Star corals (Montastrea annularis) and brain corals (Diploria labyrinthiformis) were collected from each of four reef sites at two depths (9m and 18m). Collection areas were located in the vicinity of …

Leafcutting Ant Diet Selection: The Role Of Nutrients, Water, And Secondary Chemistry, Jerome J. Howard

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The relationship of plant secondary chemistry, water content, and nutrient content to the palatability of leaves to the leafcutting ant Atta cephalotes was determined in a study of individuals from 50 woody plant species in tropical dry forest of Costa Rica. The study took place during the yearly period of maximum leaf harvest, in the early rainy season. The palatability of plants was determined by presenting leaf disks to ants on active foraging trails of three ant colonies. The distribution of several classes of polar secondary compounds in leaf samples was determined using chemical spot tests, and that of ant- …

Comparison Of Littoral And Limnetic Zooplankton Communities Of Lake Mead, Patrick Joseph Sollberger

Publications (WR)

Microfaunal communities were studied in littoral (inshore) and limnetic (offshore) areas of the lower basin in Lake Mead to compare species composition and abundance between the two zones. Planktonic forms (zooplankton) dominated inshore and offshore habitats and the occurrence of littoral species was low. Therefore, high similarity in zooplankton species composition was found among all sampling stations. This was perhaps due to two main factors: (i) the physical and chemical environment among the stations were very similar and (ii) the lack of aquatic vegetation in the littoral zone reduced the occurrence of littoral species.

Although species composition did not vary …

1987 Update Of Agronomic Performance Of Tall Fescue Varieties, Paul B. Burrus Ii, Garry D. Lacefield, J. Kenneth Evans

Agronomy Notes

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Schreb.) is a well adapted, widely used pasture species occupying approximately 5.5 million acres in Kentucky and 35 million acres in the south central United States.

Commercial tall fescue varieties have been developed from plant materials of either northern European or Mediterranean origin. Varieties developed at the University of Kentucky -- Kentucky 31, Kenmont, Kenwell, Kenhy, and Johnstone -- trace to plant materials of northern European origin. The Kentucky varieties have later maturity dates and have greater resistance to certain foliar diseases during summer than varieties that are of Mediterranean origin (i.e., Alta, Fawn, Goar, and …

Factors Affecting The Sprouting Response Of Woody Caatinga Species And Their Implications For Improved Caatinga Management, Linda Howell Hardesty

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In northeast Brazil grazing is a major use of much of the semiarid woodlands (caatinga). Animal production is limited by lack of dry season forage, primarily deciduous tree leaves. Management is constrained by the persistence of undesirable trees that sprout from the stump (coppice). This study evaluates the possibility of manipulating coppicing trees to improve caatinga management, particularly dry season forage production.

The season of cutting can influence coppicing. Trees were cut early and late in the wet and dry seasons. After two years, trees of all species cut in the late wet season produced less biomass than those cut …

Biotechnology & Plant Agriculture: "Steps In Developing A New Product", Kevin G. Mallon

Theses

Unavailable.

Fatigue From High- And Low-Frequency Muscle Stimulation: Contractile And Biochemical Alterations, Joseph Mark Metzger, Robert H. Fitts

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

This study examined the effect of high- (75 Hz, 1 min) and low- (5 Hz, 1.5 min) frequency stimulation on contractile and biochemical properties of the diaphragm. Tension was reduced to 21 ± 1 and 54 ± 2% (SE) of the initial value after high- and low-frequency stimulation, respectively. After 0, 0.25, 1, and 2 min of recovery from high-frequency stimulation, 5 Hz elicited more force (expressed as % of initial tension) than 75-Hz stimulation. Time 0 recovery values were 21 ± 1 and 78 ± 6% of the initial force for 75- and 5-Hz stimulation, respectively. By 1 min …

Plasmid-Linked Maltose Utilization In Lactobacillus Spp. Isolated From Meat, Mei-Ling Liu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Five strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and four strains of Lactobacillus species isolated from fresh meat were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA. All strains examined contained between one and five plasmids ranging in molecular mass from 1.3 to 51.6 (Mdal). Plasmid-curing experiments suggest that maltose utilization is associated with a 51 Mdal plasmid in Lactobacillus sp. DB29 and 42 Mdal plasmids in Lactobacillus spp. DB27, DB28, DB31. Southern blot DNA-DNA hybridization showed homology between the maltose plasmid from Lactobacillus sp. DB29 and several plasmids from the other Lactobacillus spp.

Fluoride Content In Home-Canned Fruits In Utah, Sydney Ann Mcdonald

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not canning fruit using fluoridated water made a difference in the fluoride contents of the juice and the pulp. Four cities in Utah were chosen. Two cities were fluoridated (Brigham City and Helper) and two cities were not fluoridated (North Ogden and Price). Three homes were chosen within each city, and three jars of canned fruit (one jar each of apricots, cherries, and peaches) were selected from each home. The fruit samples were freeze-dried, and then the fluoride was measured with a fluoride ion electrode. A difference was found in …

Lung Paraquat Content And Effects On The Lung Glutathione Antioxidant System, Nadph, And Polyamines Resulting From Intravenous Coinfusion Of Paraquat And Putrescine To Rats, Jacob R. Dunbar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Paraquat was administered to male, Sprague-Dawley rats via continous infusion, at dosage rates of 250 (LoPQ) or 500 (HiPQ) nmoles/hr for seven days. The purpose was to characterize the effects of prolonged, low blood levels of the herbicide on selected lung biochemical parameters. The efficacy of putrescine as an inhibitor of pulmonary paraquat accumulation, in vivo, was assessed in these animals by I.V. coinfusion of 2500 or 5000 nmoles putrescine/hr. Dose-dependent levels of both paraquat and putrescine were achieved by 18 hours and were maintained throughout the exposure period. Terminal lung paraquat content was also dose-dependent and up to 18-fold …

Adaptation Of Striped Bass To Sea Water Following Direct Transfer From Freshwater: Morphological, Biochemical, And Physiological Parameters, Judy A. King

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

There has been heightened interest in the biology of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) because of increased pollution in their native spawning grounds and because of their extensive use in landlocked sport fisheries. Their euryhalinity makes them an excellent species for osmoregulation studies. The objective of this research was to study the rate of adaptation of striped bass gills to sea water (3% salt) after direct transfer from freshwater using biochemical (ion transport enzyme levels), physiological (chloride efflux), and ultrastructural methods. Striped bass have specialized osmoregulatory cells located on the interlamellar and afferent surfaces of their gill filaments as shown by …

The Feasibility Of Artificial Insemination Of Dairy Cattle Managed By Fulani Tribesmen In Kaduna State, Nigeria, Christian Olafimihan Ojomo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study sought to determine: (a) the essential elements of a viable artificial insemination program for the Fulani Tribesmen in Kaduna State, Nigeria, and (b) to determine if the essential elements of a viable artificial insemination program exist in Kaduna State, Nigeria.

This study was conducted from April 15 to May 15, 1985, in the Artificial Insemination (AI) Subcenters of Zaria, Katsina, Kabomo, Kaduna, Ikara, Zonkwa, Kurmin-Biri, and Kauranjuli.

The data presented in this study were collected by personal interviews with Fulani Tribesmen. The population of this study was from a partial list of Fulani Tribesmen who have had AI …

Maintenance Energy Requirements Of Free Ranging Goats And Sheep, Ederlon Ribeiro De Oliveira

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Measurements of energy expenditures for domestic animals are used as a basis to determine the total energy requirements for maintenance and for production. Most studies on energy metabolism have been conducted under controlled, confinement conditions, and the results extrapolated to free - ranging animals. Such approaches do not always represent the real energy costs of free existence in the range or pasture environment.

This study compared energy expenditures of sheep and goats under free-grazing conditions and assessed the accuracy of the carbon dioxide entry rate technique (CERT) as compared to the oxygen consumption method. In addition, 24-hour activity budgets were …

Effects Of Sire, Ration, And Interaction Of Sire With Ration On Reproductive Performance Of Holstein Dairy Cows, Jen-Hon Justin Chen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was conducted to analyze reproductive data gathered over a ten-year period at the Utah State University Dairy Farm. The study utilized 289 complete first lactations of Holstein cows, including 150 daughters of 10 sires in Trial I and 139 daughters of 8 sires in Trial II. One sire was used in both trials; this was sire 4 in Trial I and sire 18 in Trial II. The study measured ration, season, and sire effects and their interactions on the reproductive performances of dairy cows.

Reproductive traits analyzed were: days from calving to first estrus, days from calving to …

Comparing Different Methods For Determining Moisture In Wheat Using Nesr Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, Weider Chang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One hundred wheat samples, with moisture ranging from 14.42 %to 7.66 %, were used to test the moisture loss from grinding, the accuracy of moisture content from two different electric moisture meters, and the accuracy and precision of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy whole wheat moisture determination.

Fifty samples were ground through three grinders, Wiley, Cemotec, and UDY Cyclone grinder. Moisture content was determined from these ground samples, and compared with whole wheat moisture. The Cemotec grinder caused the least amount of moisture loss, followed by Wiley and then UDY Cyclone.

Fifty whole wheat samples were used to calibrate the Tecator …

Effects Of Starter Cultures On Short-To Medium-Chain Free Fatty Acid Content And Sensory Properties Of Mutton Summer Sausage, Robert M. Essiaw-Quayson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of starter cultures on short- to medium-chain free fatty acid contents am sensory attributes of different batches of summer sausages were determined. The summer sausages were from range ram mutton, and formulated after grinding to contain 23% fat. Commercial starter cultures from different sources, including Micrococcus varians or Micrococcus species and Lactobacillus plantarum, commercial microbial lipase, an indigenous Micrococcus isolate or encapsulated lactic acid were used to prepare the summer sausages. Three batches were made, each batch receiving six different treatments.

Three consumer panels evaluated the sausages for acceptability and a trained screened panel evaluated the products …

Cottage Cheese From Ultrafiltered Skimmilk By Direct Acidification, Jorge Ricardo Ocampo-Garcia

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pasteurized skimmilk at 4°C was acidified to pH 5.8 with 85.5% phosphoric acid (136g H₃PO₄/100 kg skimmilk), then warmed to 54°C and ultrafiltered to a protein concentration 9.1 ± 0.2%. The retentate was heated to 76.5°C for 16 s then cooled to 2°C. Phosphoric acid (85.5%) was added at a rate of 3.41g per kg retentate. The acidified retentate was slowly warmed to 29.5°C (3°C/5 min) when the pH was checked. The pH at this point was no lower than 5.4. Heating was continued until a temperature of 32.2°C was reached. Glucono delta lactone was added …

Cholesterol-Lowering Of Pantethine Is Due To The Hydrolysis Product Cysteamine, Caran Graves

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pantethine, a precursor of coenzyme A, has been shown to reduce serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The enzyme pantetheinase rapidly hydrolyzes pantethine to the vitamin pantothenic acid and the amino thiol cysteamine.

This study was designed to compare the effect of cysteamine and pantothenate supplementation with that of pantethine on hypercholesterolemic rabbits. New Zealand white rabbits were fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 5 weeks; treatment groups received only the high cholesterol diet (control), or a high cholesterol diet supplemented with 1% pantethine, or an equimolar amount of pantothenic acid or cystamine (the disulfide of cysteamine). Blood samples were …

Iron Bioavailability Of Meat:Bread Mixtures And Meat Loaves Fed To Anemic And Healthy Rats, Abdullah M. Thannoun

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To study the effect of meat (beef) on dietary iron bioavailability from enriched white bread (EWB) or whole wheat bread (WWB), diets were prepared in which the ratios of beef iron to bread iron were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 or 0:100. Hemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE), apparent iron absorption, and dry matter absorption were determined using weanling anemic and healthy male rats.

Meat iron was more available than EWB or WWB. Fortification iron in EWB was less available than the iron naturally present in WWB. At the iron dose given, HRE was similar for both anemic and healthy rats. Although healthy …

The Effect Of Ultrafiltration On Protein Quality Of Skimmilk And Cottage Cheese, Rita Y. Y. Tung

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Protein quality in freeze-dried skimmilk (SM), regular cottage cheese (RCC), retentate (Ret) and cottage cheese made from ultrafiltrated skimmilk (UFCC) were evaluated by chemical (amino acid score) and biological methods. Biological evaluation was at 5, 8 and 11% protein level in growing rats by measuring biological value (BV), net protein utilization (NPU) and nitrogen efficiency for growth (NEG) over a 14-day period. A 28-day protein efficiency ratio (PER) was determined on the same products at 10% protein level. Effects of added lactose on PER of retentate, regular and UFCC were also evaluated. The most limiting amino acids were cystine + …

Factors Affecting Growth Of Proteinase Positive And Proteinase Negative Streptococcus Cremoris Uc310 In Ultrafiltered Milk Retentate, Brent Karl Pope

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Whole milks were adjusted to pH 5.8, 6.2, or 6. 7 with HCl and batch pasteurized at 63°C for 30 min. Each was concentrated 5:1 (40% total solids) through a single tube polysulfone membrane Abcor ultrafiltration unit. Lactose (L), casein hydrolysate (CH), and one of two brands of yeast extract (YE1, YE2) were added into cooled retentates at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0. 7 or 0.9% and equilibrated overnight at 4°C. Five percent proteinase positive (Prt+) Streptococcus cremoris UC 310+ (v/w) milk based culture was added. Unfortified retentate was also inoculated with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0. 7 or 0.9% starter and …

Effect Of Proteolytic Enzymes On Transfection And Transformation Of Streptococcus Lactis Protoplasts And Transformation Of Streptococcus Cremoris, Steven A. Woskow

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of proteolytic enzymes on the transformation and transfection of Streptococcus lactis LM2301 protoplasts was examined in an attempt to eliminate the variability observed. By using both chymotrypsin and mutanolysin to form protoplasts followed by spread plating, consistent frequencies of 104 to 105 transformants per μg of pGB301 DNA, and 105 transfectants per μg of c2 bacteriophage DNA where achieved. Optimum transformation and transfection frequencies were obtained when 16 h cultures were treated simultaneously with 25 U/ml mutanolysin and 1.25 U/ml chymotrypsin for 15 min. Trypsin and pronase in conjunction with mutanolysin also increased transformation frequencies higher than when …

Vitamin A Status, Anthropometric Measurements, And Food Practices Of Women Of Childbearing Age And Their Preschool Children In Northeast Brazil, Susan Ahlstrom Henderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Vitamin A nutrition status was evaluated in 110 pairs of women and their preschool children at rural health posts in two different ecological regions of Northeast Brazil. Serum retinol and carotene, weight, height, tricep skinfold and mid-arm circumference were measured from each mother and child. Nutrition knowledge of mothers, socioeconomic living conditions and consumption of retinol and carotene food sources were assessed.

Nine children (8 percent) and one mother had less than acceptable serum retinol (less than 20 μg/dl). Additionally, 21 percent of the children and six percent of the mothers had "low" serum carotene levels. Thirty-seven percent and 57 …

Wood And Forage Production In Cleared And Thinned Dry Tropical Woodland: Implications To Goat Nutrition, Walter H. Schacht

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Wood for firewood, fence posts and construction material and forage for domestic livestock are key resources in the caatinga vegetation zone of northeastern Brazil. This experiment was designed as a preliminary assessment of thinned caatinga as the basis of a production system which optimizes forage and wood production. Two levels of thinning (25% and 55% tree canopy cover) were compared to cleared (0% tree canopy cover) and undisturbed (95% tree canopy cover) caatinga in terms of forage and wood production and goat nutrition.

Clearing and thinning of caatinga vegetation resulted in higher amounts of available forage through the wet ·season …

Effects Of Grazing Intensity By Sheep On The Production Of Atriplex Nummularia And Sheep Live Weight In Jordan, Kamal I. Tadros

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Rangelands in Jordan are deteriorated due to a combination of harsh environmental conditions and human misuse. Jordan is importing increasingly large quantities of meat and animal products to meet the demand from its growing population. Sheep are supplementarily fed during the dry season and large quantities of grain supplements are imported every year.

Significant success has been attained in the establishment of Atriplex nummularia Lindl. (ATNU) in Jordan. There is, however, a general lack of adequate research to determine if ATNU is effectively utilized by local sheep, to what extent it is utilized and to what extent it tolerates grazing. …

Selected Parameters Of Reproduction In Rambouillet And St. Croix Ewes, Ronald Cole Evans

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Experiments were conducted to determine the genetic reproductive potential of Rambouillet and St. Croix ewes . Ovulation rate (monthly) and estrus (daily) were observed for two years on 10 ewes of each breed to establish seasonal patterns . Both breeds demonstrated seasonal anestrus from May through July. Ovulation rates reached 2.0 or greater for both breeds during September to November, and decreased to 1.25 by March. Breeding groups for St. Croix and Rambouillet ewes were bred each February and August for five years to establish lambing performance at six month intervals. Age at first lambing was earlier for St. Croix …

Effects Of Exercise And Cheese Supplemented Diet On Cholesterol And Lipoprotein Fractions In Free-Living Young Human Subjects, Kathleen A. Gabel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ten young adults were divided into an exercising group (n = 6) and sedentary group (n = 4). Smoking, ingestion of alcohol, drugs and oral contraceptives were prohibited during 9 weeks of study. Diets were prepared by university food service. Food consumed was recorded and nutrient intakes were assessed. Cheese was consumed in 84 to 112 gram portions every day for two separate 14 day periods. All other dairy products were prohibited in the diet except 240 ml of two percent milk per day. When cheese was consumed, daily diets contained ca 400 kcal, 100 mg cholesterol, and 700 mg …

Impact Of Development On Traditional Pastoralism In Somalia, Abdulkadir A. Handulle

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The Somali pastoral nomads live in an environmental condition of risk and uncertainty. The scarce and unreliable rainfall is the primary element ·which determines the existence of nomadic pastoralism. The lands devoted to pastoralism in Somalia are those arid and semi-arid areas that could not sustain cropping, so that pastoralism may be considered the only rational utilization of the land resource. Nomads live in an environment where the survival of both animals and plants are constrained by many factors such as droughts. Yet, both nomads and their animals have evolved by learning numerous adaptive strategies to cope with their harsh, …

N2-Fixation In Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Seedlings And Rhizobium Meliloti L. Grown In Vitro Under Salt And Drought Stresses, Ramzi Muhiddin Mohamad

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., cultivars, breeding lines and germplasm releases (populations) and Rhizobium meliloti L. strains that exhibit nitrogen fixation efficiency and tolerance to salinity and drought stresses should enhance seedling establishment, increase yields, reduce nitrogen dependency on petroleum-based nitrogen fertilizers, and allow wider use of irrigated lands in semiarid and a rid regions. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine relative salt (sodium chloride -- NaCl) tolerance: l) during germination and early seedling growth of 229 alfalfa populations from North Africa, the Middle East and the United States, 2) survival and growth of 92 rhizobial strains obtained from different …