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Evaluation Of New Pasture Legume Species In Terms Of Summer Feeding Value And Effects On Wool Production., Tess Casson

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 86KA71

Location: Private farm 'Monalta' - south-east of Katanning.

As outlined by S. Flecker in the 1987 summary for this trial, the expected result of the research is that the feeding value of burr medic pastures will be greater than the feeding value of sub. clover and barrel medic pasture, particularly over the dry summer/autumn period.

Cyanonews (Vol. 4, No. 3, December 1988), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

1988 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experimental Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 1988

This is the complete 1988 South Dakota Beef Report.

The Diatom Flora Of The Red Lake Peatland, Minnesota, Thomas P. Pienkowski, Daniel E. Wujek

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Diatoms collected from three transects in the Red Lake Peatland occur in characteristic assemblages. One hundred two taxa were observed from 26 sample sites, with Eunotia exigua and Pinnularia rupestris the most dominant species. Clustering indicated three peatland types were present: rich fen, transitional and poor fen, and bog.

8th Biennial Cheese Industry Conference, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

Nutrition Myths And Misinformation, Charlotte P. Brennand

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication discusses common myths involving nutrition. It also discusses what information to trust and what information to question.

Cyanonews (Vol. 4, No. 1, February 1988), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Porosity, Specific Gravity And Fat Dispersion In Blue Cheeses, K. M. K. Kebary, H. A. Morris

Food Structure

Porosity was measured in Blue cheeses made from (i) homogenized butter oil - reconstituted nonfat dry milk (4% fat). (ii) homogenized butter oil reconstituted nonfat dry milk (14% fat) standardized to 4% fat with reconstituted nonfat dry milk , (iii} homogenized raw c ream (14% fat) standardized to 4% fat with raw skim milk , and (iv) homogenized pasteurized cream (14% fat) standardized to 4% fat with pasteurized skim milk. Cheeses made from (i) were the most porous and were significantly different from the other cheeses . In cheeses made from (i) and (ii) , about 40% of the holes …

The Use Of Transmission Electron Microscopy To Study The Composition Of Pseudomonas Fragi Attachment Material, Paula J. Herald, Edmund A. Zottola

Food Structure

Electron microscopy techniques were used to study the attachment matrix of Pseudomonas fragi used to demonstrate the presence of attachment fibrils of P. fragi adhered to stainless steel. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine thin sectioned cells strained with ruthenium red or alcian blue. Extracellular substances surrounding cells stained with ruthenium red or alcian blue had a mat- or spike-like morphology. This indicated that these substances were acidic mucopolysaccharides that may be involved in the attachment of P. fragi to food contact surfaces.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Cellular Structure Of Granny Smith And Red Delicious Apples, Gassinee Trakoontivakorn, Max E. Patterson, Barry G. Swanson

Food Structure

Immature and mature Granny Smith and Red Delicious apples (Malus domestica Borkh . ) were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Parenchyma cells were observed to form a net-like pattern in sections transverse to the stem-calyx of the apple. Bundles of about six intact cells were connected, creating large intercellular spaces. The intercellular spaces were different in shape from different perspectives to the cut surfaces ; round in stem-calyx transverse sections and elliptical in stem-calyx cross sections. Cell areas, cell lengths and intercellular space areas were determined with image analysis. The patterns of mature apple cell structure of both cultivars …

Anabolic Steroids And Implants In Feedlot Steers, Bruce B. Schanbacher, John Brethour

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Profit from livestock production is affected by daily liveweight gain, cost of gain, and feed conversion efficiency. Young beef calves are recognized as suitable converters of forages and grains into wholesome red meat, but constraints to maximum production efficiency are recognized. While their growth and development are often discussed in light of genetic potential, nutritional requirements, and environmental constraints, administration of anabolic agents to maximize their gains is a common practice. Several implants are available to the cattle industry as growth promotants; some of these contain steroids of gonadal origin while others are nonsteroidal.

Steroids secreted by the testes are …

Current Concepts For Understanding Ovarian Follicular Growth And Function In Cattle, Leon J. Spicer, Sherrill E. Echternkamp

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Ovarian follicular development in cattle during either the estrous cycle or postpartum anestrus is not presently well understood. Although several investigators have suggested that follicular development is continuous, the notion that follicular growth occurs in waves still persists. A better understanding of bovine folliculogenesis is required to solve beef production problems such as prolonged postpartum infertility and variable responses to superovulation and estrous synchronization treatments. Therefore, research was conducted at U.S. Meat Animal Research Centerand results compared with earlier studies to explain follicular growth and function in cattle during postpartum anestrus.

Microbial Decontamination And Weight Of Carcass Beef As Affected By Automated Washing Pressure And Length Of Time Of Spray, John D. Crouse, Maynard E. Anderson, H. Donald Naumann

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Carcass beef has traditionally been washed by hand to remove foreign material such as hair, soil particles, and microbiological organisms that have contaminated the surfaces. These carcasses are inspected by the Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS)to detect defects related to carcass cleanliness. Recent research and development of technology have emphasized automated machine washing.

At pressures above that normally used, it is conceivable that water could penetrate tissue surfaces and be absorbed by the carcasses. Also, longer wash periods may enhance water uptake by carcasses. According to the ASH RAE Handbook and Product Directory, the average shrinkage of carcass beef using …

More Lean, Less Fat With Clenbuterol, Joan H. Eisemann, Gerald B. Huntington, Calvin L. Ferrell

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

There is too much fat on beef carcasses today. Research in beef cattle production is directed towards solving this problem by maximizing partitioning of dietary nutrients to lean muscle growth and minimizing deposition of carcass fat. Partitioning agents called β - adrenergic agonists are able to cause this type of nutrient partitioning. Earlier work showed two of these compounds, clenbuterol and cimaterol, can be fed and are effective in many species including pigs, sheep, and cattle. At levels that did not depress gain, clenbuterol feeding increased protein content of the 9th to 11th rib section by 13% and decreased fat …

Influence Of Biological Types On Energy Requirements, Calvin L. Ferrell, Thomas G. Jenkins

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Since the introduction of new germ plasm resources into the U.S. beginning in the early 1960's, the influence of biological types on various aspects of beef production have been evaluated extensively. Traits studied include preweaning calf performance, postweaning growth and feed efficiency, carcass characteristics, puberty and other reproductive characteristics, and milk production, to name a few. In general, however, most of the research efforts have concentrated on the areas involving the growing animal and/or its carcass characteristics. That is, output characteristics of the various biological types of cattle have been of primary interest to researchers. Much less effort has been …

Twinning In Cattle, Keith E. Gregory, Sherrill E. Echternkamp, Gordon E. Dickerson, Larry V. Cundiff, Robert M. Koch

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Why an interest in twinning in cattle?

. More than one-half of the feed units used by the national beef herd are needed to meet maintenance requirements of the reproducing female population.

. The beef cow is capable of producing about .7 of her body weight per year in progeny market weight.

. The sow is capable of producing more than 8 times her body weight per year in progeny market weight.

. The meat type hen is capable of producing more than 70 times her body weight per year in progeny market weight.

. The channel catfish female is …

Relationship Of Visceral Components Of Mature Cows As Related To Lactation Potential And Possible Effects On Productivity, Thomas G. Jenkins, Calvin L. Ferrell, Larry V. Cundiff

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Production output characteristics for cows of breeds or breed crosses varying in genetic potential for growth rate, mature size, and lactation have been previously reported. These differences among breeds were reported for characteristics associated with output potential (e.g., gestation length, calving difficulty, calf crop weaned, and for wt at birth, weaning, and at puberty). We have reported differences among nonpregnant, nonlactating mature cows of breed crosses varying in genetic potential for mature size and lactation yield for dry matter required for weight stasis and metabolizable energy (ME) required for zero body energy change. We have reported significant differences among various …

G88-890 Pythium Blight Of Turfgrass, John E. Watkins, Robert C. Shearman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Causes, symptoms and treatment for pythium blight are covered here.

Pythium blight, sometimes called "grease spot" or "cottony blight," is no longer a disease of golf courses; it also is a serious problem in home lawns and other turfs. Caused by several species of Pythium fungi, the two most commonly associated with Pythium blight are Pythium aphanidermatum and P. graminicola. These fungi are in a group known as "the water molds," a group that includes Phytophthora and other pathogenic genera. They are referred to as "water molds" because they function best under wet, saturated soil conditions.

The Pythium species …

A New Invasiveness Scale: Its Role In Reducing Animal Distress, Kenneth J. Shapiro, Peter B. Field

Experimentation Collection

No abstract provided.

An Inventory And Condition Survey Of Rangelands In The Ashburton River Catchment, Western Australia, A A. Mitchell, A L. Payne, W F. Holman

Technical Bulletins

The inventory and condition survey of rangelands in the Ashburton River catchment, undertaken by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) between 1976 and 1978, describes and maps the natural resources of the region’s pastoral leasehold land. This survey report provides a baseline record of the existence and condition of the natural area’s resources, to assist with the planning and implementation of land management practices. The report identified and described the condition of soils, landforms, vegetation, habitat, ecosystems, and declared plants and animals. It also assessed the impact of pastoralism and made land management recommendations. The area surveyed …

Phosphorus Leaching In Sandy Soils. Ii. Laboratory Studies Of The Long-Term Effects Of The Phosphorus Source, D. M. Weaver, G. S.P. Ritchie, G. C. Anderson

Food Science and Nutrition

Long-term phosphorus (P) losses and gains in sandy soils continuously fertilized with either ordinary superphosphate or coastal superphosphate (a granulated mixture of superphosphate, rock phosphate and elemental sulfur) or previously fertilized with superphosphate were investigated under leaching conditions in columns in the laboratory. The soils were subjected to 10 consecutive cycles designed to simulate the mediterranean weather conditions in the Harvey region of the Coastal Plain of Western Australia. Each cycle consisted of a wet phase during which the equivalent of 850 mm of rainfall was leached through the soil and a drier phase during which the soil was incubated …

Phosphorus Leaching In Sandy Soils. I. Short-Term Effects Of Fertilizer Applications And Environmental Conditions, D. M. Weaver, G. S.P. Ritchie, G. C. Anderson, D. M. Deeley

Food Science and Nutrition

The consequences of previous as well as current environmental conditions and management practices on the potential for phosphorus (P) to be lost by drainage from sandy soils in the short term (< 1 year) were studied in the laboratory and the field. The potential for P losses by drainage was estimated by measuring soil solution P levels and rapidly released P. Rapidly released P was measured by determining the concentration of dissolved inorganic P contained in filtered (µm) soil solutions after incubating soil at saturation for 15 min at ambient temperature. In the laboratory, sandy soils were incubated with ordinary superphosphate, coastal superphosphate (a granulated mixture of equal parts of superphospate, rock phosphate and elemental sulfur) or lime-superphosphate (a lime-reverted superphosphate with 18% kiln dust) and sequentially desorbed with deionized water. The effects of the extent of leaching, fertilizer type, application rate and the time of contact with the soil on soil solution P levels were investigated. The influence of annual pasture death and summer rainfall on rapidly released P in soils that had been pre-treated by leaching were also investigated.

Phosphorus concentrations decreased logarithmically in the successive supernatants of the sequentially desorbed soils. More P was desorbed from soils incubated with superphosphate and lime-superphosphate than soil incubated with coastal superphosphate. At each level of pre-leaching, the P concentrations in the soil solution increased with increasing time. The level, to which the P concentration in the soil solution increased at each time, decreased with increased extent of pre-leaching. The …

Effects Of Lignification, Cellulose Crystallinity And Enzyme Accessible Space On The Digestibility Of Plant Cell Wall Carbohydrates By The Ruminant, M. S. Kerley, G. C. Fahey Jr., J. M. Gould, E. L. Iannotti

Food Structure

Intrinsic characteristics of plant cell walls limiting susceptibility of structural carbohydrates to microbial attack in the ruminant's gastrointestinal tract are lignification of the cell wall, covalent bonding of phenolic acids to cell wall polysaccharides, the crystalline structure of cellulose and limited fibrolytic enzyme accessible space. The exact mechanism by which or degree to which each of these characteristics affect rate and/or extent of cell wall polysaccharide hydrolysis by gastrointestinal tract microbes is not well understood. Lignification and limited enzyme accessible space probably affect the extent of cell wall degradation by preventing contact between microbial enzymes and cell wall polysaccharides. Phenolic …

Cyanonews (Vol. 4, No. 2, July 1988), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Miscellaneous Publication 11/88 - Manjimup Horticultural Research Centre - A Guide To Activites, David Johnston

Horticulture published reports

Within the south-west of Western Australia, in the area encompassed by Bunbury, Margaret River, Albany and Manjimup, the horticultural industries have become of major importance to economic viability and employment opportunities.

The Manjimup Shire grows45 percent of the State's potatoes, 50 per cent profits cauliflowers and 32 per cent profits apples. Other important crops are onions, beans and peas for processing and Chinese cabbage. A range of other horticultural crops are produced on a small scale.

The recent establishment of an Edgell-Birds Eye processing plant at Manjimup will provide a further significant boost to the region. By 1992 this plant …

Amino Acid Composition And Structure Of Cheese Baked As A Pizza Ingredient In Conventional And Microwave Ovens, Alenka Paquet, Miloslav Kalab

Food Structure

Amino acid compositions of stirred-curd Mozzarella, stretched Mozzarella, and process Cheddar cheeses were similar and did not change as the result of baking in a conventional oven. D-glutamic acid (D0Glue) and D-phenyl-alanine (D-Phe) were present at low concentrations in all cheese samples, the lowest concentrations having been found in unbaked stirred-curd Mozzarella cheese (2.7% D-Glu of total Glu present and <1.0% D-Phe of total Phe present). The highest concentrations were detected in unbaked stretched Mozzarella cheese (5.6% and 1.2%, respectively). Thechanges were not significant and were not the result of aking, indicating that the heat treatment during baking did n ot cause racemization of the amino acids.

Each cheese had a characteristic structure before baking. The structures of the Mozzarella cheeses were altered by baking in the conventional oven and also in a microwave oven and their original features such as curd granule junction and fat globule …

The Effects Of Gamma Irradiation And Calcium Treatment On The Ultrastructure Of Apples And Pears, E. Kovacs, A. Keresztes, J. Kovacs

Food Structure

The post-storage quality of fruits depends on the ultrastructure of the outer tissues and on the fruit mineral composition (mostly on calcium). Pectins and their bonds with calcium play a central role in the tissues during ripening.

During senescence the middle lamella disappears from the cell walls, the fruits become soft and cell wall reticulation can be seen. There are changes within the cells too; plasmalemma separates from the wall, tonoplast from the cytoplasm, and plastids, mitochondria and nuclei are disorganized.

The ultrastructure of the skin and flesh of apples and pears were studied as a function of treatments (calcium, …

Nutritional Value Of Anaerobically Fermented Beef Cattle Wastes As A Feed Ingredient For Livestock, Ronald L. Prior, Andrew G. Hashimoto, John D. Crouse

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Waste is produced in large quantities in cattle feedlots, and this is a potential environmental pollutant. Recycling of feedlot waste as livestock feed has been investigated extensively as one means of lowering the disposable waste load. Refeeding fresh manure will only partially alleviate waste disposal problems. In one study, only about one-half of the manure collected daily could be refed, and the remainder was discarded.

Currently, there is increased interest in the development of a microbial process for recycling and utilizing feedlot wastes. Commercial digestors are in operation. In some of these systems, the potential exists for capturing methane as …

Beef Research Program Progress Report No. 3 (1988): Table Of Contents

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

ROMAN L. HRUSKA U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER,Robert R. Oltjen .... iv

General Interest

Beef facilities and management: Margaret S. McAlhany, W. Gordon Hays, and Gary S. Ross .... 1

Genetics and Breeding

Germ Plasm Evaluation in cattle: Larry V. Cundiff, Robert M. Koch, and Keith E. Gregory .... 3

Breeding for lean beef (Germ Plasm Evaluation Program): Larry V. Cundiff, Michael E. Dikeman, Robert M. Koch, John D. Crouse, and Keith E. Gregory .... 5

Germ Plasm Utilization in beef cattle: Keith E. Gregory, Larry V. Cundiff, and Robert M. Koch .... 9

Individual heterosis effects on mature size …

Heg88-242 How Much Protein Are You Eating?, Harriet Kohn

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide contains information to help you estimate the protein level of one day's food intake or menu. The content pertains to people throughout life.

Protein:

Helps build and repair tissues

Forms part of enzymes and hormones

Supplies some energy