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Agricultural Experiment Station News July 1988

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
GARDNER RECEIVES USDA DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD
GRADUATE STUDENT RECRUITMENT TRAVEL FUND
INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH PROJECT FUNDED
NEW PROFESSIONAL TRAVEL ACCOUNT NUMBER
ARD ADVISORY COUNCIL NOTES AND ELECTION RESULTS
NEW FACULTY ORIENTATION
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AWARDS
HARDIN DISTINGUISHED GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP
SCHNEIDER RECEIVES RESEARCH COUNCIL GRANT-IN-AID
WHERE DOES NEBRASKA RANK IN AGRICULTURE?
WIDAMAN AWARDS
PROMOTIONS EFFECTIVE JULY 1. 1918
TRANSFER
NEW AND REVISED CSRS PROJECTS
APPOINTMENTS
RESEARCH GRANTS AND CONTRACTS RECEIVED MAY 1988
THE AMERICAN FARMER

Miscellaneous Production 23/87 - Animal Production In The Spinifex And Shrubland Regions Of Western Australia, D. Burnside

Animal production and livestock published reports

The role of the Rangeland Management Branch is to promote the sustained economic use of the rangeland resource. It provides research and extension services to the pastoral industry, provides advice on the condition of the range resource to Government and provides technical information on rangelands to other rangeland managers. A principal objective to be met in fulfilling that role is the development and promotion of economically efficient place systems that conserve the rangeland resource. At the inaugural Pastoral Soil Conservation Districts Conference in Meekatharra in May 1987, pastoralist delegates emphasized the importance of achieving that objective within the various soil …

Feeding Young And Growing Horses, Equine Section, Department Of Animal Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

When you plan a feeding program for your young horses, several factors are very important:

• body changes involved in growth,
• nutrient requirements of that particular class of horse,
• the feed’s nutrient content,
• anatomical limitations of young horses’ digestive system, for instance, you cannot feed young horses low-energy, bulky feeds because their digestive tracts are not large enough. Instead, young horses need concentrated sources of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals to meet their nutritive needs.

Agricultural Research Division 102nd Annual Report, July 1, 1987, To June 30, 1988

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

It is a pleasure to provide the 102nd Annual Report of the UNL Agricultural Research Division. This report contains lists of current faculty, active projects, referred journal articles, books and book chapters, germplasm releases, patents, brief descriptions of research in selected areas, and the financial report for the period of July 1, 1987, through June 30, 1988. This report was compiled in compliance with the intent of the law of the State of Nebraska that established the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station on March 31, 1887.

Foreword ... v

Administrative Personnel ... vii

Administrative Units ... viii

Organizational Chart ... viii …

Studies Of Intestinal Lymphoid Tissue. Xi – The Immunopathology Of Cell-Mediated Reactions In Gluten Sensitivity And Other Enteropathies, Michael N. Marsh

Scanning Microscopy

Computerised image-analysis was used to quantitate small intestinal mucosae from celiac sprue and dermatitis herpetiformis patients, Gambian children with tropical-sprue-like malabsorption, first-degree celiac sprue relatives, and treated celiac sprue patients during challenge with a peptic-tryptic digest of gluten. A wide range of mucosal appearances was observed. Typically, 'flat' lesions (Type 2) revealed a reduced number of epithelial lymphocytes that were large and mitotically active. At the other extreme, mucosal architecture was relatively well preserved (Type 1) but surface epithelium contained an expanded population of small, non-mitotic lymphocytes, with or without crypt hyperplasia. Similar changes were observed in one-third of celiac …

Obesity And Hypertension: A Review, Khaled Imam, James R. Sowers

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obesity is often associated with hypertension. This strong association can be attributed to several pathophysiological changes which occur in obese subjects: increased salt and caloric intake, increased blood volume, increased cardiac output, increased basal as well as stress-stimulated sympathetic nervous system activity, hyperinsulinemia, and a relative increase in renin and aldosterone. Obesity usually increases the preload and causes an eccentric cardiac hypertrophy, while hypertension increases the afterload and causes concentric cardiac hypertrophy. When both obesity and hypertension occur in the same patient (as is often the case), they present …

Biophysical Methods For Estimating In Vivo Body Composition: The Determination Of The Adipose Compartment, Luther E. Preuss, Frank P. Bolin

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

The status of the human body's major components (adipose mass, lean mass, body water, etc) and their change with time are of clinical importance. Deviation of these body components from a stable condition may be imposed by nutrition or disease, and a return to the normal body state may be brought about by appropriate medical care. Thus accurate quantitation of these components is an important goal. This field of study can be traced to the early 1800s, with a major thrust starting in the 1940s and continuing lo the present. The last four decades have shown an accelerated development of …

Morbidity And Treatment Of Clinically Important Obesity: An Internal Medicine Perspective, J. David Fachnie

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Obesity is defined as an excess storage of energy in the form of fat. The internist generates a differential diagnosis of etiologic factors and examines the patient carefully. Obese persons are counseled on all medical risks of obesity. Choices for treatment vary according lo the severity of the obesity, and alternative dietary treatments include a balanced-deficit diet or a very low calorie diet. Weight loss can be predicted by applying specified equations. With severe obesity, multidisciplinary treatment is needed. Anorexic agents have limited value because of their side effects and because of weight increase after discontinuing therapy. Obesity is not …

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Profiles Of The Morbidly Obese, Philip J. Lanzisera, Allan Dehorn, Carolyn Macdonald, Conni Sroka, J. David Fachnie

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profiles of 132 morbidly obese individuals participating in a protein-sparing modified fast were examined via factor analytic methods yielding five interpretable psychometric factors. The results support the hypothesis that the morbidly obese are a psychologically heterogeneous population which can be subdivided conceptually. However, the findings fail to support the hypothesis that any particular psychopathology is intricately linked to the development of morbid obesity.

Blood Pressure Changes And Weight Changes In Hypertensive Patients In An Inner-City Clinic, A. David Goldberg, Frits Van Der Kuyp, Pamela C. Keenen

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

The association of obesity and hypertension has been clearly established. Despite evidence that weight loss reduces blood pressure, this aspect of treatment is often not stressed. We studied the effects of nutritional intervention in a group of inner-city, predominantly black, hypertensive patients to determine resultant blood pressure changes. Weight reduction was achieved by 57% of the patients, with a loss of more than 4.5 kg (10 lb) in 18%. Changes in weight were highly correlated with blood pressure changes. Correlations were greater for systolic than diastolic pressures, for pressure measured in the standing than the supine position, and for men …

Surgery For Morbid Obesity: A Continuing Challenge, Brack A. Bivins, Farouck N. Obeid, H. Mathilda Horst, Victor J. Sorensen

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of 48 Hr Glucose Administration On The Hepatic P-450 System, John N. Buchholz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The administration of glucose for 48 hrs to mice resulted in a shift of the dose response curve of phenobarbital, an indication that glucose administration significantly sensitized the animals to the effects of the drug. Glucose administration produced a reduction in the catalytic activity of hepatic microscopical P-450 as measured by the in vitro conversion of p-Nitrocellulose to p-Nitrophenol.

The administration of glucose to rats for 48 hrs resulted in prolonged anesthesia after the administration of pentobarbital. The spectral binding of hexobarbital and methadone to hepatic microsomal P-450 was found to be significantly reduced following glucose administration. The changes in …

Chemoreceptors Regulate Discharge Of Microbasic P-Mastigophores In The Sea Anemone, Aiptasia Pallida, Gail E. Muir Giebel

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Recently, using cnida-mediated measurements of adhesive force, Thorington and Hessinger (1984, 1988a, b) identified two different chemoreceptors involved in triggering cnida discharge on the tentacles of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida. These two classes of receptors were shown to interact with glycine and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA). We now show that the discharge of the microbasic p-mastigophores, one of the three types of cnidae present on the tentacles of A. pallida, is under the controlling influence of these two classes of cnidocyte-associated chemoreceptors. We also demonstrate that the number of discharged microbasic p-mastigophores adhering to the test probes is proportional to …

Microbial Food Resources Of The Macrofaunal-Deposit Feeder Ptychodera Bahamensis (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta), Fred C. Dobbs, James B. Guckert

OES Faculty Publications

Biochemical and traditional analyses were used to characterize the microbial food resources and digestive efficiency of Ptychodera bahamensis, an enteropneust hemichordate. Sediment was collected from freshly extruded fecal casts and adjacent feeding depressions. There were no significant differences between casts and depressions in median grain size, percent silt-clay, density of total meiofauna and of nematodes, and concentrations of chlorophyll a and phaeophytin. Nematodes in casts had a median diameter greater than those in depressions. Measures of total, viable microbial biomass were 30% (total phospholipid, ester-linked fatty acids) and 49% (extractible phospholipid phosphate) lower in casts. Concentrations of 33 fatty …

Preparation Of Cultured And Isolated Cells For X-Ray Microanalysis, K. Zierold, D. Schäfer

Scanning Microscopy

Various electron microscopical preparation techniques are compared with regard to the preservation of the intracellular element distribution as determined by X-ray microanalysis in scanning and scanning transmission electron microscopy. By use of chemical agents for fixation and dehydration ions are redistributed and washed out. This is also true for freeze-substitution. Whole cells are prepared by cryofixation followed by freeze-drying. Interference of intracellular measurements by extracellular elements can be avoided by appropriate washing the cells before cryofixation. The washing medium has to be carefully selected in order to avoid distortions of the original intracellular element content. These problems are circumvented by …

The Estimation Of Free Aluminium And The Competition Between Fluoride And Humate Anions For Aluminium, G. S.P. Ritchie, M. P. Nelson, M. G. Whitten

Food Science and Nutrition

Three equations for estimating the concentration of free aluminium, [Al³⁺], from the activity of free fluoride, (F^-), were compared to assess their suitability for estimating [Al³⁺] in acid soil solutions and in competition studies. We then studied the ability of humic acids to compete with F for Al by comparing the behaviour of the humic acids in the presence of F and Al with that of several carboxylic acids under the same conditions. All three methods of estimating [Al ] were limited in their applicability to acid soil solutions but were uitable for estimating …

Some Chemical And Physical Factors Influencing Growth Of Panus Stipticus Bulliard Ex Fries And Armillariella Mellea (Vahl Ex Fries) Karsten, James Robert Kirkland

Master's Theses

Two species of wood rotting fungi were used to investigate the possibility that growth-enhancing or inhibitory substances in woods from various trees are responsible for the distribution of these fungi in nature. Panus stipticus (Bulliard ex Fries) and Armillariella mellea (Vahl ex Fries) Karsten were cultured in the laboratory on blocks of wood from Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard, Juniperus virginiana L., Pinus taeda L. and Quercus rubra L. Panus stipticus grew well on the surface of the wood blocks; histological studies showed less penetration into the xylem of the softwoods than into that of Q. rubra. Armillariella mellea grew well …

Inter-Seasonal Range Relationships Of Spanish Goats And Mule Deer In A Utah Oakbrush Community, Robert Alexander Riggs

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three experiments were conducted to assess the potential for using Spanish goats to manage Gambel oakbrush winter range, dominated by Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii), for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Summer-time food selection of goats, effects on plant community composition, and consequent effects on mule deer nutrition and foraging behavior were examined.

An apparent preference for juvenile oak browse, and low use of oak twigs was observed. Selection for juvenile browse may have been facilitated by the retarded phenology of oak as compared to that of associated flora. This differential was maintained by repeated browsing. Animal performance, …

The Effects Of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone And Milk Production On Pregnancy Rates In Repeat Breeder Dairy Cows, Laura Maureen Mitchell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One hundred sixteen third- and fourth-service lactating dairy cows from five cooperating herds were used to compare the pregnancy rate of cows given Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone five minutes following insemination with pregnancy rate of control cows. In addition, milk production level, age at service and days in milk at time of service were used to compare pregnancy rates. Milk production level was expressed as relative value (percent of herd mature equivalent production). There were no differences between treated and untreated control cows in pregnancy rate. In addition, there were no differences between service number (3 or 4), relative value group, …

Luteinizing Hormone An Progesterone Response To Gnrh Administration At Insemination In Repeat-Breeder Holstein Cows, Robert Joseph Callan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Several studies suggest that the administration of GnRH near the time of insemination improves pregnancy rates in cattle. It has also been reported that there is greater improvement in repeat-breeder animals than at first service. The mechanism for this observation has not been established. Twenty-eight lactating Holstein cows that returned to estrus after one or more inseminations from the USU Caine Dairy were used in the study. Animals were randomly divided into two treatment groups, intramuscular administration of 100 ug GnRH or saline control at the time of insemination. Blood samples were collected at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and …

Effect Of Feeding A Viable Yeast Culture On Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics, Milk Production Response And Apparent Nutrient Digestibility In Holstein Cattle, Mohamed H. Shokair

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Four barren Holstein cows fitted with ruminal fistulas were assigned to each of two dietary treatments in a replicated 2 x 2 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of a basal ration and a basal ration plus 10g/d of a viable yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Cows were fed treatments for a 21-day adaption followed by a 7-day collection period. Total ruminal bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria and protozoa were unaffected by treatment. Feeding the viable yeast culture significantly increased ruminal acetic acid and acetic/propionic ratio. Molar percentage of propionic, isobutyric, isovaleric and valeric acids and rumen ammonia-N levels were significantly reduced …

Control And Evaluation Of Big Game Browsing Damage To Commercial Fruit Orchards, William E. Stone

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Diversionary feeding, artificial feeding designed to divert animals away from areas where they might cause property damage, was tested for efficacy in reducing fruit orchard browsing by big game animals during two consecutive winters in Utah. Strategically placed attractive feedstuffs lured deer to feed stations and reduced fruit-bud browsing (1st year, P < 0.07; 2nd year, P < 0.01). Blossom and apple numbers were greater (P < 0.05) on trees in the feed (treatment) orchard than in the no feed (control) orchard in each year. However, higher (P < 0.05) apple production on trees where browsing was excluded in the treatment orchards compared to the control orchards indicated that intercept feeding did not increase crop production. Tree periodicity and other factors affecting apple production masked the effect of diversionary feeding on crop yield.

Two independent browsing damage assessment methods, a paired-tree technique and a harvest-inflation technique, predicted that the ratio of apples lost per browsed bud was 0.158 and 0.082, respectively. However, the values of the ratio varied widely with each method of estimation. Browsing damage differed ( …

The Effects Of Forest Harvesting On Small Mammals In Western Newfoundland And Its Significance To Marten, Brian Tucker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The depauperate fauna of Newfoundland provides a limited prey base for marten. Only two small mammal prey species, Microtus pennsylvanicus and Sorex cinereus, were found in any abundance in the old-growth forests of the study area. Of these two, Microtus displayed population fluctuations typical of most microtines. Analysis of marten scats indicated that Microtus is a very important prey item to the marten with other food. items being of lesser importance particularly when Microtus are abundant.

Trapping in various habitats indicated that Sorex densities were three to five times higher in logged areas compared to uncut areas. Unfortunately, the …

Maternal Iron Parameters And Diet: Influence On Infant Iron Parameters And Development, Janet Bradshaw Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the dietary intake of pregnant women living in this geographical area, evaluate how their diets related to their iron status, how their nutrient intakes compared with other studies, and how their iron status and diet affected infant iron status and development, as assessed by the Bayley Scale of Infant Development.

The study involved 32 pregnant women who were between 8 to 14 weeks gestation and 20 to 35 years of age. They were followed through pregnancy and their infants were followed until three months of age.

Three-day dietary records, a …

The Bioavailability Of Iron From Meat, Spinach, Soy Protein Isolate, Meat:Spinach And Meat:Spi Mixtures Fed To Anemic And Healthy Rats, Dejia Zhang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of iron status and iron source on iron bioavailability using the rat model. Beef was proportionally mixed with spinach (Experiment I) or soy protein isolate (Experiment II) to test if meat enhances the absorption of iron from spinach or SPI. Five diets with the iron from meat:spinach (or SPI) ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 were prepared and fed to rats. FeS04 was used as a reference. Two trials of rats were used in Experiment I. In trial I, half of the rats were made severely iron deficient (Hb 6.3 …

Evaluation Of Frogurt: A New Product Prepared By Fermentation Of Ice Cream Mix, Morteza Mashayekh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ice cream mix was fermented with yogurt cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus to four different pH's then frozen in a batch ice cream freezer. A consumer panel of 120 people tasted samples of strawberry flavored product with pH's of 4.4, 4.7, 5.1, and 5.4 and commercial frozen yogurt as a standard. Results from the panel were used to predict a preferred pH of 4.9. Another panel of 181 people compared product at pH 4.9 with 10, 15 and 20% strawberry flavoring. There was not a statistically significant difference among levels of flavoring.

Starter culture populations and lactase activity …

Measurement Of Proteins In Milk And Dairy Products, Marie K. Walsh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a short, easy procedure to measure five major proteins in milk and to detect concentrations of added protein to dairy products. Combinations of casein or whey protein with nonfat-dry milk were made with concentration ratios from 0:10 to 10:0. Similar mixtures of defatted goat milk with defatted cow milk were prepared. Samples were hydrolyzed in 6 N HCl at 145°C for 4 h and analyzed for amino acid composition. Multiple regression equations were derived to estimate the relative content of whey protein or casein added to nonfat-dry milk and goat milk added …

Using Adaptive Conjoint Analysis And Market Simulations To Determine The Effect And Usefulness Of Nutrition Label Information In Consumer Purchase Decisions, Constance J. Geiger

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nutrition labeling research suggests consumers want nutrition information on the label; however, many do not comprehend it. The purpose of Phase I was to determine the effect of: 1. two levels of nutrition label formats; 2. three levels of nutrition information load on consumers' preference for product choice using adaptive conjoint analysis. A computer interactive interview was conducted on 252 consumers in Crossroads Mall, Salt Lake City, Utah. label alternatives were printed on soup cans to realistically portray the information. The conjoint analysis compared the attributes, nutrition information format, and nutrition information load in addition to brand and price and …

Effect Of Bacterial Inoculant On Alfalfa Haylage: Ensiling Characteristics And Milk Production Response When Fed To Dairy Cows In Early Lactation, Barb Kent

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Third-cutting alfalfa hay harvested at bud stage in each of 2 yrs, treated with a live bacterial inoculant, packed in polyethylene-bonded bags and allowed to ensile. In both years, treated haylage had a lower pH, and a period effect was found for pH and mold count, regardless of treatment. In year 1, there was a period effect found for acid detergent fiber. In year 2, mean lactic-acid-producing bacteria numbers (log 10) were significantly higher for treated haylage (9.69 and 10.36) for control and treated haylage, respectively). Regardless of treatment, lactic-acid-producing bacteria numbers and water soluble carbohydrates significantly declined through time. …

Nitrogen And Energy Budgets Of Production Ewes On Summer Range In Southwestern Utah, John W. Halpop

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrogen (N) and energy budgets for free-roaming ewes were quantified on mountain summer range in southwestern Utah in 1986 and 1987. Diet quality (%N), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and energy were estimated with the use of five esophageally fistulated ewes. Excretion rates of N and energy to feces and urine were measured by total collection from five nonfistualted ewes.

Total intake N(gN/(MBW*d^-1) tracked intraseasonal changes of dietary N percent but was apparently buffered by fluctuations in dry matter intake. In each year, total urine N was closely related to dietary N concentration, r²=0.97 (1986) …