Digital Commons Network^™

G92-1118 Forage Allocation System For Dairy Producers -- Using A Forage Inventory And Allocation Worksheet, Rick J. Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides a worksheet to organize your forage inventory and properly allocate forages of different qualities to various groups of cows.

Importance of Forage Quality

Properly feeding high quality forage to the dairy herd improves the profitability of the dairy enterprise. A dairy herd demonstration program involving 28 herds in Nebraska illustrated the importance of feeding high quality forage. Herds which improved forage quality over the two-year program produced 30 percent more milk yearly, with over 8 percent less feed cost compared with those herds that failed to feed high quality forage. University of Wisconsin research indicates maximum milk …

Nf92-72 Nutrition And The Athlete: Fluid Replacements, Linda S. Boeckner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Of all nutritional concerns for athletes the most critical is proper fluid hydration. One of the key functions of fluid for the athlete is for body temperature control. Lack of this element above all others can hinder performance and lead to more serious complications.

Nf92-99 Emergency Food Safety, Julie A. Albrecht

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact offers suggestions for saving food after natural disasters.

G92-1101 Dairy 10-Point Quality Control Program--Mastitis Treatment Records, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide presents a mastitis treatment record keeping system that will help to reduce the chances of having adulterated milk enter the milk tank.

Starting July 1, 1993, the national Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program will become effective. This program is a direct result of media attention concerning milk quality. It also reflects a growing consumer concern with drug residues in the nation's food supply chain. The American Veterinary Medical Association and National Milk Producers Federation responded to these concerns by developing a ten-point Milk and Dairy Beef Residue Prevention Protocol.

Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Infestation Rates As Influenced By Site And Stand Characteristics In Loblolly Pine Plantations In East Texas, James R. Meeker, David Kulhavy

Faculty Publications

Three young loblolly pine plantations grown on contrasting soil types produced quantitatively and qualitatively different host material for pine tip moths during 1985 and 1986. Amounts, periodicity, and availability of soil moisture regulated internal moisture conditions within host trees. Host xylem moisture potential in conjunction with soil nutrient status governed tree growth and influenced pine tip moth infestation rates.

Pines on a sandy site exhibited the poorest growth with lowest infestation rates, indicative of low-quality hosts with little if any tolerance to damage. A clayey site produced vigorous plant growth with moderate infestation rates. The less apparent hosts appeared capable …

Identification Of Proteins And Complex Carbohydrates In Some Commercial Low-Fat Dairy Products By Means Of Immunolocalization Techniques, Barbara L. Armbruster, Nitin Desai

Food Structure

Macromolecular assemblies of proteins and hydrocolloids in low-fat dairy products contribute to the structure and texture of these foods. Immunolocalization techniques were used to identify B-lactoglobulin, casein, bovine whey proteins, and egg albumin in low-fat frozen desserts, reduced fat process cheese, and salad dressings. SimpJesse18 I 00 protein particles were examined and characterized by these methods and compared to naturally occurring protein structures in the low-fat foods. Hydrocolloid identification in low-fat salad dressing was accomplished by complexing cellulase and hemicellulase with colloidal gold and applying the probe as a pre-embedding step, on sections of embedded specimens or on material dried …

Sexual Size Dimorphism And Size Indices Of Six Species Of Captive Cranes At The International Crane Foundation, Scott R. Swengel

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Sexual size dimorphism and size indices in captive cranes were studied to learn dimorphism patterns and size relationships that could be used in the management of captive cranes. In 6 species of captive cranes. Siberian (Grus leucogeranus), eastern sarus (G. antigone sharpir), white-naped (G. vipio), common (G. grus), hooded (G. monacha), and red-crowned (G. japonensis), maIes averaged 14.5-28.5% heavier than femaIes (P < 0.05) in all species. MaIes had longer culmens, tarsi, and wing chords in all species. MaIes had significantly longer culmens (P < 0.05) in 4 of 6 species and had significantly longer tarsi than females (P < 0.05) in 3 of 6 species. Culmen and tarsus lengths both averaged 7% longer in males than females when the 6 species were combined. Wing chord length was not significantly dimorphic (P > 0.05) in any of the 4 species measured (Siberian, white-naped, hooded, and red-crowned cranes), averaging only 1.3 -3.3 % longer in males than in females. Body …

Nf92-98 Good Manufacturing Practices For Apple Cider Mills, Susan S. Sumner, Durward A. Smith

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses sanitation procedures for apple cider mills.

Nf92-62 Dietary Fiber, Linda S. Boeckner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses dietary fiber.

Ec92-270 Conducting Pig Feed Trials On The Farm, Duane Reese, Walter W. Stroup

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The purpose of this publication is to provide fundamental information that must be understood before attempting to conduct a feed trial. The concepts and procedures described here are valid for most situations involving a comparison of two feeds. Any trial involving more than two feeds raises issues that are beyond the scope of this publication. Those issues are covered in university statistics courses on design and analysis of experiments.

We suggest that pork producers adopt a "best cost" feeding program tailored to the operation and based on sound nutritional principles. Feed cost per pound of gain is a major item …

Ec92-1248 Growing Squash And Pumpkin For Food And Ornamentation, Laurie Hodges, Frederick P. Baxendale, David S. Wysong

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Pumpkin and squash are American members of the plant family Cucurbitaceae. Cucumbers, originally from India, muskmelons from the Middle East, and watermelons from Africa are other members of this important family of vine crops. Squash, like corn, was domesticated by Indians of Central America and spread to the 48 contiguous states of the United tates before the arrival of Columbus. Squash was among the first vegetables to be planted in Nebraska.

These crops can be used in many ways. The quick-growing, tender-skinned summer squash, when harvested and used while still immature, are delicious either steamed and buttered or sliced and …

Nf92-108 Sources Of Information — Organic Or Sustainable Vegetable Production, Laurie Hodges

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact is a list of companies, organizations and government offices that supply information for the gardener and small farmer who are looking at instituting organic or sustainable vegetable production.

Nf92-96 Nebraska Master Mix, Harriet Kohn

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact offers a master mix and many recipies for quick breads.

Nf92-106 Reference Material For Commercial Vegetable Producers And Extension Agents, Laurie Hodges

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact gives you information on reference material for commercial vegetable producers and Extension Agents.

Nebline, January 1992

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Animal Science Newsletter, Winter 1992

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

From the Department Head’s Desk
Animal Science Alumni Day April 25, 1992
New Faculty
Non-Academic Staff
Graduate Student
Department Awards and Recognitions
Faculty Activities
Block and Bridle Club
Teaching – Animal Systems Analysis
Extension – Swine Home Study Courses
Activities and Officers for 1991-1992
Four Long-Time Faculty Retire
Alumni News

Genetic Variation Liver Mass, Body Mass, And Liver:Body Mass In Mice, L. D. Jones, Merlyn K. Nielsen, R. Britton

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Genetic variation for liver mass (LM), body mass (BM), and 1iver:body mass (LM/ BM) was examined for outbred populations of laboratory mice. Liver mass and body mass data were collected on 170 pureline sires at 12 wk of age, representing four outbred stocks of laboratory mice; 523 of their male and female two-way cross progeny at 9 or 12 wk; and 214 four-way-cross' offspring at 12, 14, or 16 wk. Genetic differences for LM, BM, and LM/BM were found among the base sire lines and between two-way crosses. Heritabilities and genetic correlations for LM, BM, LM/BM, and LM/MBM (MBM = …

Results Of Stubble Research In Western Australia, Michael Perry, Ron Jarvis, Mel Mason, David Tennant

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Few farmers would question the desirability of retaining stubbles, both for control of erosion by wind and water, and to return organic matter to the soil. While the present debate is focused on the short term management of stubbles, longer term effects also need to be considered.

The Department of Agriculture has several long-running trials intended to measure long term effects.

Molecular Strategies To Improve Protein Quality And Reduce Flatulence In Legumes: A Review, Benito O. De Lumen

Food Structure

The application of recombinant DNA and related techniques to plants opened up the potential to improve agronomic characters. food processing traits and food quality properties of plants as food sources. This review focuses on molecular approaches to improving the protein quality and reducing flatulence in beans. Much is now known about the regulation of seed-specific expression and organization of seed storage protein genes. Several attempts have been made to increase the methionine content of tobacco seeds using heterologous seed protein genes from peas, common bean and soybean. Such techniques could also be used to modify lysine, tryptophan and threonine contents …

Importance Of Enzymes To Value-Added Quality Of Foods, J. R. Whitaker

Food Structure

New uses of enzymes are of major importance for value-added quality of foods. At the production and postharvest handling levels, enzymes associated with maturation , color , texture, flavor and nutritional changes are important. Recent examples are discussed which include longer storage prior to initiation of ripening , deletion or control of genes that result in softening1 browning and other quality defects and the enhancement of genes that improve the nutritional quality of foods. At the processing level, new uses of enzymes are described to change the properties of proteins and lipids , to eliminate off-flavor in beers and sterilized …

Structure Of Margarines Made With Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oil, J. Hojerova, S. Schmidt, J. Krempasky

Food Structure

Margarine based on hydrogenated low erucic acid rapeseed oil shows a strong tendency to produce an unacceptable grainy structure. This is caused by rapid transition of the B-form into the B-form of fat crystals. Sorbitan esters, monoacylglycerols, and a blend of acylglycerols were investigated as possible B-stabilizers. Polymorphic transitions were evaluated by visual assessment, examination by polarized light microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis in margarines prepared on a laboratory scale and containing varying amounts of stabilizers. The evaluation was extended over a 7-week period of storage at 10 C. Sorbitan esters of fatty acids were found to be the most …

Microstructural Differences Among Adzuki Bean (Vigna Angularis) Cultivars, Anup Engquist, Barry G. Swanson

Food Structure

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study microstructural differences among five adzuki bean cultivars: Erimo, Express, Hatsune, Takara and VBSC. Seed coat surfaces showed different patterns of cracks, pits and deposits . Cross-sections of the seed coats revealed well organized layers of elongated palisade cells followed by many layers of amorphous parenchyma cells. Typical sub-epidermal layers of organized columnar, hour-glass cells were characteristica11y absent in the five cultivars of adzuki beans. The cross-sections of the cotyledons revealed intercellular materials between storage cells. Storage cells in Hatsune cultivar were loosely packed with many intercellular spaces as compared to the other …

Soil Chemistry And Nutrition Of North American Red Spruce-Fir Stands: Evidence For Recent Change, J. D. Joslin, J. M. Kelly, H. Van Miegroet

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

One set of hypotheses offered to explain the decline of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in eastern North America focuses on the effect of acidic deposition on soil chemistry changes that may affect nutrient availability and root function. Long-term soils data suggest that soil acidification has occurred in some spruce stands over the past 50 yr, with plant uptake and cation leaching both contributing to the loss of cations. Studies of tree ring chemistry also have indicated changes in Ca/Al and Mg/Al ratios in red spruce wood, suggesting increases in the ionic strength of soil solution. Irrigation studies using strong …

Functional Properties And Microstructure Of Chicken Breast Salt Soluble Protein Gels As Influenced By Ph And Temperature, S. F. Wang, D. M. Smith

Food Structure

The effects of different pH's (4 .5 , 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5) and temperatures (30-80 •c) on the functional properties and microstructure of chicken breast salt soluble protein (SSP) in 0.6 M NaCI were investigated. Protein solubility decreased from 98% at pH 6.5 to less than I% at pH 4.3 and below. Salt soluble protein at pH 4.5 produced a discontinuous gel which could not be measured by back extrusion and had an expressible moisture above 80% at all heating temperatures . Aggregated globular microstructures were observed at pH 4.5 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thin-sectioned images as seen by …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies Of A Typical Spanish Confectionery Product: "Xixona Turron", M. A. Lluch, M. J. Galotto, A. Chiralt

Food Structure

The microstructure of "Xixona turron" , a typical Spanish confectionery product, made with toasted almonds, sugar and honey, was elucidated, in order to confirm the nature of those physical changes occurring in its manufacturing process, which has not been previously studied. The effect of the major components of "Xixona turron" (oil, proteins and sugar) on its structural c!Jange was established. The initial oil suspension of sugar syrup drops and proteins undergoes a phase inversion , becoming an oil /water emulsion when hot, and a solid-like structure, when the aqueous sugar continuous phase solidifies at room temperature. In order to determine …

Effect Of Chemical Modifications On The Stability, Texture And Microstructure Of Cooked Meat Batters, Andre Gordon, Shai Barbut

Food Structure

The effects of five chemical agents on the stability, texture and microstructure of cooked comminuted meat batters were studied. B-mercaptoethanol (/3-ME), hydrogen peroxide (H20~, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDT A), urea, and polyoxyetbylene sorbitan monooleate (fween 80) were used. The reduction of disulphide bonds by 8-ME or the oxidation of free sulphydryls by H20 2 prior to cooking did not affect liquid and fat losses during cooking as compared to the control (2.5% NaCI). However, texture profile analysis (fPA) showed that treatment with H20 2 resulted in a harder, more cohesive product than the control and ,8-ME treatments because a more fine-stranded, …

Distribution Of Aromatic Compounds In Coastal Bermudagrass Cell Walls Using Ultraviolet Absorption Scanning Microspectrophotometry, Nancy P. Ames, Roy D. Hartley, Danny E. Akin

Food Structure

The distribution of aromatic constituents, including lignin , in the leaf cell walls of "Coastal" hermudagrass (Cynodon dacrylon (L.) Pers.) was investigated using scanning ultraviolet (UV) microspectrophotometry. Leaf blade sections and individual tissue types were scanned at three wavelengths representing the absorbance maxima (318, 287 and 250 nm) of aromatic constituents present in bermudagrass leaves. The measured absorbance data were printed in a geometric arrangement to produce an image of the distribution and amount of aromatic constituents among and within cell wall types which vary in digestibility . Differences in absorbance were observed among cell wall types, among walls of …

Circulating Gonadotrophins During A Period Of Restricted Energy Intake In Relation To Body Condition In Heifers, M. S. Roberson, T. T. Stumpf, M. W. Wolfe, Andrea S. Cupp, N. Kojima, L. A. Werth, Roger J. Kittok, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Beef heifers, 13 months old, were fed to achieve high (7·6 + 0·2 units) or low (3·9 ± 0·1 units) body condition by feeding them one of two diets for 20 weeks. During week 17 of the growth phase, all heifers were ovariectomized. From week 20 to week 27 (restriction phase), all heifers were fed a daily diet containing 0·071 MJ metabolizable energy kg^-1 body weight. At weekly intervals throughout the restriction phase, blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for 11 h to determine the pattern of secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), the amount of LH released in …

G92-1065 How Is Your Family's Well-Being?, Herbert G. Lingren

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Whether or not the family is a healthy, cohesive, and nourishing unit depends on the individual family members and the ways in which they contribute to it.

Being in good health has become a growing concern throughout our society. Great emphasis is placed on nutrition and exercise to keep our bodies slim, trim, and healthy. Unfortunately, somewhere between the sit-ups and the natural foods, we've forgotten that our family's "well-being" may also need a "checkup" and a "workout."

It takes much more than exercise and a balanced diet to keep a family "fit." Whether or not the family is a …

G92-1088 Pregnancy And Lactation, H. Darlene Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nutrition information for the pregnant and lactating woman.

Eating the right foods during pregnancy is important for you and your unborn baby. Your developing baby depends on you to provide the quality and quantity of food needed for a healthy start in life. Your unborn baby depends totally on you for nourishment.

What is best for you to eat is also best for the baby. Eating a well-balanced diet each day is one of the best ways to make certain you and your baby are getting all the needed nutrients to support growth and development.

A well balanced diet is …