Digital Commons Network^™

Hormone Concentrations In The Caudal Vena Cava During The First Ovarian Follicular Wave Of The Oestrous Cycle In Heifers, F. M. Rhodes, L. A. Fitzpatrick, K. W. Entwistle, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Changes in pulsatile secretion of LH, FSH, oestradiol and progesterone were related to the growth phase, early plateau phase and regression phase of the first ovarian dominant follicle of the oestrous cycle in Bos indicus heifers. Relationships between these hormones during the three phases were also investigated. Accurate measurements of episodic ovarian steroid secretion were obtained by catheterizing the caudal vena cava via the lateral saphenous vein; the tip of the catheter was positioned just cranial to the ovarian vein using transrectal ultrasonography. Pulsatile secretion of oestradiol was increased only during the growth phase of the dominant follicle and was …

G95-1248 Healthful Snacks For Children Two To Five Years Of Age, H. Darlene Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide discusses the benefits of providing snacks to young children and shares ideas for what good snacks are for these children.

Why do children two to five years of age need snacks?

Snacks are an important part of children's daily food intake. It is difficult for children to get all the nutrients they need to promote growth and development in three meals a day. Also, most children need snacks because they get hungry between meals. Well-chosen snacks can help supply nutrients and energy needs (calories).

As a parent you may say, "My children do not need any more calories, …

G95-1264 Storing Fresh Fruits And Vegetables, Susan D. Schoneweis, Durward Smith

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The following NebGuide outlines proper storage methods and conditions for fresh fruits and vegetables.

Harvesting fruits and vegetables from your garden at the proper stage of maturity is only the first step to fresh table quality. Proper harvesting and post-harvest handling methods, as well as proper storage of fruits and vegetables not immediately eaten, will help maintain the flavor, texture and nutritive value of the produce.

Proper storage means controlling both the temperature and relative humidity of the storage area. All fruits and vegetables do not have the same requirements. This NebGuide will help you select the best storage conditions …

Ec94-219 1995 Nebraska Swine Report, Rodger K. Johnson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The 1995 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating Departments for use in Extension, Teaching and Research programs. This publications deals with research on swine reproduction, breeding, health, nutrition, economics, and housing.

G95-1262 Feeding The Beef Cow Herd--Part Ii Managing The Feeding Program, Richard J. Rasby, Ivan G. Rush, Don C. Adams

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Feed costs are the cow/calf producer's greatest expense in producing a weaned calf. To remain competitive, cow/calf operators must use economical feeding programs. It is important to match the available feed resources with the nutrient requirements of the first-calf-heifer and cow. Both over- and underfeeding the cow herd can lead to high production costs.

Nutrient requirements for heifers calving as 2-year-olds and cows calving as 3-year-olds and older are shown in Table I. Beef cows are seldom fed complete rations where ingredients are weighed daily. Generally, most of a cow's ration is forages such as: 1) summer and winter range, …

Ec95-137 Producing And Marketing Proso Millet In The High Plains, D. D. Baltensperger, Drew J. Lyon, R. Anderson, Tom Holman, C. Stymieste, J. Shanahan, Lenis Alton Nelson, Karen L. Deboer, Gary L. Hein, J. Krall

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Proso millet, Panicum miliaceum (L.), is a warm season grass capable of producing seed 60 to 90 days after planting. It has been called millet, hog millet, and yellow hog. It has been grown in many countries of the world including China, the former Soviet Union, Afghanistan, Romania, Turkey, and India.

Historically, proso production in the High Plains has been quite variable, depending on the survival of the winter wheat crop, government programs, and market price.

Proso can be used in several ways. Proso millet grain is used as bird and livestock feed in the United States and for livestock …

Rp443 How To Impact Public Policy For Families, Georgia L. Stevens

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Societal changes impact families. Changes in families affect the dynamics of society. These changes result in development of public policies that may or may not adequately respond to family concerns. Private sector (business) policies may also compound such effects. Like government, these private sector policies may or may not respond to family concerns. This publication will focus primarily on public sector policymaking and how citizens can influence these processes for families.

Rp489 Impacting Private Sector Policy For Families, Georgia L. Stevens

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Who is caring for families(*) these days? Historically, we've had the notion that families needed to be self-sufficient. But, today, dramatic changes in family structure and family member's employment have shifted this thinking. As family policy educator and researcher Shirley Zimmerman (personal communication, April 26, 1993) states,

"increasingly it is recognized that the well-being of families is dependent on the functioning of other societal institutions, such as government and business. For this reason, government is taking an expanding interest in the role of the private sector, namely business and industry, for ensuring the health and economic security of workers and …

Nf95-222 Nutrition Resources For Modified Or Prescribed Diets, Linda S. Boeckner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This list of books is only a beginning resource list if you have been recommended to follow a modified diet for therapeutic or preventive purposes.

G95-1265 Guidelines For Using Computerized Concentrate Feeders For Dairy Herds, Rick J. Grant, Gerald R. Bodman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes how computerized feeders work, the advantages of using them, and provides general guidelines on their installation, maintenance, and economical operation.

A computerized grain feeding system consists of an identification tag -- carried around the neck of the cow -- a computer, power source, feeding station(s), and grain bin(s). Although each manufacturer uses slightly different hardware, all systems function similarly.

G95-1224 How To Write A Dairy Job Description, Jeffrey F. Keown, Erin Marotz

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide leads you through the process of developing a job description for positions in the dairy industry.

As dairy herd sizes continue to increase and the management of the herd can no longer be solely a family responsibility, labor management becomes more important.

There are several areas to consider when going from a family operation to one that requires hiring off-the-farm labor. The most important point to consider is writing a job, or position, description for each employee you plan to hire, or currently employ in the dairy operation. A detailed job description can help eliminate individuals who will …

Variance Of Interaction Effects Of Sire And Herd For Yield Traits Of Holsteins In California, New York, And Pennsylvania With An Animal Model, G. Dimov, L. G. Albuquerque, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. Dale Van Vleck, H. D. Norman

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An animal model with a REML algorithm was used to estimate variances of additive genetic effects and interaction effects of sire and herd. Milk and fat yields were analyzed for fmt, second, and thrd lactations of Holsteins from California, New York, and Pennsylvania. Twenty samples of data were used in the study: 10 from California, 4 from New York, and 6 from Pennsylvania. Mean number of lactations per sample was 36,820 from 18,189 cows in 156 herds. Mean fractions of phenotypic variance of interaction effects of sire and herd for milk and fat yields were .015 and .019 for first …

Egg Removal By Brown-Headed Cowbirds: A Field Test Of The Host Incubation Efficiency Hypothesis, Douglas R. Wood

Masters Theses

Obligate brood parasites, like the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), lay their eggs in the nests of host species, usually to the detriment of the host's reproductive effort. In addition, Brown-headed Cowbirds often remove one or more host eggs near the time of parasitism. Although several hypotheses exist, the adaptive significance of egg removal has not been clearly established. Peer and Bollinger (in press) proposed the host incubation efficiency hypothesis which states that the number and size of host eggs influences the incubation efficiency of a parasitic egg. Thus, host egg removal by cowbirds should increase the parasitic egg's …

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity And Phosphorus Limitation In Marine Macroalgae From The Florida Keys And The Bahamas, Christine M. Urnezis

HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations

Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and coastal eutrophication are a primary threat to the biological integrity of coral reef ecosystems. Macroalgal blooms are one symptom of eutrophication and provide useful 'bioindicators' of the nutrient dynamics associated with the eutrophication process. This study used marine macroalgae to monitor physiological processes associated with eutrophication by comparing the degree of phosphorus (P) limitation in reef and nearshore environments of the highly developed Florida Keys with the relatively pristine Bahamas by measuring enzymatic alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), tissue composition, and water column nutrient concentrations [total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP)]. Experimental nutrient enrichment studies were …

Louisiana Agriculture Magazine, Winter 1995, Lsu Agricultural Experiment Station

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

1995 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 1995

This is the 1995 South Dakota Beef Report. The articles published in this report summarize many of the beef cattle research activities conducted at South Dakota State University during 1995. The articles in this report have many levels of application. Some information has immediate application for your farm, ranch, or agribusiness. The articles include information on nutrition, management, meat science, growth and development, and economics of the cattle and beef industry in South Dakota.

Environmental Modification Of Hard Red Winter Wheat Flour Protein Composition, Robert A. Graybosch, C. J. Peterson, P. Stephen Baenziger, D. R. Shelton

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The intrinsic processing quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars is modified significantly by cultural conditions and climate. In an attempt to understand the biochemical basis of such variation, environmental modification of flour protein content and composition was measured. Thirty hard red winter wheat cultivars and experimental lines were grown at 17 Nebraska environments during 1990 and 1991. Environmental conditions, including grain filling duration, temperature and relative humidity during grain filling, were monitored. Grain yield and test weight also were determined as environmental indicators. Significant linear correlations between flour protein content, as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, were observed only …

Effect Of Cooking Method On Nutrient Content Of Boneless Pork Loin Roasts, Judy A. Driskell, Judith H. Batenhorst, Fayrene Hamouz

Nebraska Swine Reports

The nutritive qualities of boneless Chef’s Prime™ pork loin roasts cooked by three household cooking methods to two internal temperatures were evaluated. Fresh pork loins were obtained from a vendor and prepared by UNL’s Meat Laboratory according to National Pork Producers Council’s specifications for the Chef’s PrimeTM trademarked cut with 1/8-inch fat trim. The roasts were frozen for less than two months before defrosting in the refrigerator and cooking.

Index Selection For Components Of Litter Size, David Casey, Tom Rathje, Rodger K. Johnson

Nebraska Swine Reports

Pigs per sow per year has gradually, but steadily, increased in the U.S. during the last 15 to 20 years. More efficient use of better maternal breeds and lines, crossbreeding systems that efficiently utilize heterosis, and improved management and diets are causes for most of this improvement.

Genetic selection to further increase reproductive traits such as litter size and litter weaning rate has recently been implemented and may explain some of the increase in sow productivity in the latter years. However, efficient programs to improve sow reproduction have not been in place long enough to cause much change in the …

Addition Of Fat To Diets Of Lactating Sows. Ii. Effects On Energy Intake, Meal Patterns, And Blood Hormones And Metabolites, Paul Ermer, Scott Titlton, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Cynthia K. Wolverton

Nebraska Swine Reports

Suboptimal feed intake during lactation is associated with reduced litter weight gain and increased sow weight loss. This weight loss may lead to a prolonged weaning-to-estrus interval and decreased embryo survival in subsequent parities. Feed intake is a particular concern in primiparous sows, which consume 15% less feed than multiparous sows.

The consequences of low feed intake and excess body weight loss during lactation have received considerable attention. However, little research has focused on the mechanisms that regulate feed intake in the lactating sow. Furthermore, the progress being made in increasing litter size will continue to increase milk production and …

Addition Of Fat To Diets Of Lactating Sows. I. Effects On Sow And Pig Performance, Scott Tilton, Paul Ermer, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Cynthia Wolverton

Nebraska Swine Reports

Sow energy intake during lactation is an important factor to consider when trying to maximize sow and pig performance. It has been shown that inadequate energy intake during lactation results in decreased litter weaning weight. Poor energy intake during lactation is also thought to result in a reduction in postweaning reproductive performance by extending the period from weaning to rebreeding. This reduction in postweaning performance is typically preceded by the excessive loss of weight and backfat during lactation.

One method that has been used to increase sow energy intake, and thus alleviate the problems described above is to add dietary …

Pharmacological Levels Of Zinc In Nursery Diets - A Review, Duane Reese

Nebraska Swine Reports

Zinc plays significant roles in pig nutrition and health. A zinc deficiency is manifested by skin lesions known as parakeratosis; poor feed intake; slow growth; diarrhea; and atrophy of the thymus, a gland important in immunological competence. Zinc ions may interact with E. coli by inhibiting the ability of E. coli to respire and therefore reducing its activity. In addition, recent University of Nebraska research indicates that zinc ions cause the organism responsible for swine dysentery (S. hyodysenteriae) to produce less toxin. On the other hand, too much zinc in the feed will cause growth depression, arthritis, and …

Are There Benefits In Adding Fat To Sow Lactation Diets?, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Cynthia Wolverton

Nebraska Swine Reports

Lactation is a metabolic challenge to the sow. Some high-producing sows can produce as much as 30 lb of milk/ day during peak lactation. Unfortunately, most sows are unable to consume sufficient dietary energy to fuel the processes of milk synthesis and must mobilize body stores of fat and protein. This problem is accentuated as the number of pigs nursed increases (milk production is increased). Therefore, nutritional programs for lactating sows must incorporate strategies to maximize energy intake and avoid excessive weight loss that may contribute to longer rebreeding intervals or increased culling from the sow herd.

Research conducted at …

Estimation Of Pork Trim Composition By Electromagnetic Scanning, N. L. Meseck, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Swine Reports

The value of pork trim depends on its lean content. Accurate assessment of composition is necessary for proper pricing. Procedures often used to estimate composition lack accuracy and require time, thus a rapid, accurate, non-invasive technology to determine lean content of pork trim is needed.

Electromagnetic scanning, also known as ToBEC (total body electrical conductivity), has been studied for prediction of lean in hams (see 1994 Swine Report, p. 8). The equipment consists of a stainless steel cabinet containing a large, plastic-covered coil, through which meat is conveyed. Energy is absorbed from the electromagnetic field by the sample. Because lean …

Food Safety And The Microwave, Georgia Lauritzen

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

Availability And Use Of Food Resources By Two Species Of Automolus (Aves, Furnariidae), Grace Patricia Servat-Valenzuela

Theses

Foraging specialization is one mechanism that has been hypothesized to promote species coexistence and, thus, higher bird species diversity in tropical forests. Dead-leaves suspended in vegetation above the forest floor constitute a focal substrate that may promote specialization (Rosenberg 1990a, b). In a study locality in Amazonia, Remsen and Parker (1984) reported 16 species of birds closely associated with this system. Therefore, it represents a microcosm of high diversity in tropical forests. As such, one natural question is how this substrate can support so many coexisting species, and at what level does specialization occur? In the present study, I address …

Secondary Production And Dietary Preference In Orconectes Propinquus (Girard), Patricia B. Krema

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Products Derived From The Leaves Of Ocimum Kilimandscharicum (Labiatae) As Post-Harvest Grain Protectants Against The Infestation Of Three Major Stored Product Insect Pests, B. Jembere, D. Obeng-Ofori, A. Hassanali, G. N.N. Nyamasyo

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The bioactivity of materials from the leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum was tested against Sitophilus zeamais Mots chulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory. Exposure of adults of the three insect species to dried ground leaves and essential oil extract of O. kilimandscharicum induced 100% mortality after 48 h. Fresh and dried whole leaves were not toxic to Sitophilus zeamais or R. dominica. Grains treated with dried ground leaves and essential oil extract caused significant reductions in the number of progeny and survival rate of all …

The Effect Of Fluctuating Substrate Salinity On The Yield And Flag Leaf Photosynthesis Of Wheat, Philippa M. Drennan

Biology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Understanding Fertilisers For Table Grapes, B. H. Goldspink, I. Cameron, J. Campbell-Clause, N. Lantzke, C. Gordon

Viticulture research reports

A course run by the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, August 1995.

The purpose of this publication is to clarify the role fertilisers play in commercial table grape production and to detail methods of selecting fertilisers. This selection process however is not easy as there are over 600 registered fertilisers in Western Australia.

In deciding which is the best fertiliser for a particular property many factors have to be considered. These include:

* Age of vine

* Rootstock

* Variety of table grape

* Soil type

* Soil chemistry

* Irrigation methods

* Previous fertiliser history Previous yield, vigour and …