Digital Commons Network^™

Progress Report : 1996 / Cattle Industry Compensation Act Research Advisory Committee., J Allen, J Heatherington, M Norton, B Mackintosh, W Standing

Research Reports

The Cattle Industry Compensation Fund was established under the Cattle Industry Compensation Aet 1965. Monies received on cattle sales by the Commissioner for State Taxation are paid into the Fund and matched by State Government appropriation.

Funds are held to compensate producers for losses incurred in disease eradication programs, to promote and encourage scientific research for improvement of cattle health and promotion and for purposes that, in the opinion of the Minister, will promote and encourage the cattle industry

An Advisory Committee, established by the Hon. Minister for Primary Industry makes recommendations for funding on a project basis. The Advisory …

Allergenic Foods, Susan L. Hefle, Julie A. Nordlee, Steve L. Taylor

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Virtually all food allergens are proteins, although only a small percentage of the many proteins in foods are allergens. Any food that contains protein has the potential to cause allergic reactions in some individuals. However, a few foods or food groups are known to cause allergies on a more frequent basis than other foods. At a 1995 consultation on food allergies sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization, a group of international experts confirmed that peanuts, soybeans, crustacea, fish, cow’s milk, eggs, tree nuts, and wheat are the most common allergenic foods. These foods are responsible for more than 90% …

Pilbara Steer Growth Evaluation : 1994 - 1996, Wayne Fletcher, Brian Mcintyre, Shane Cridland Dr, J L. James

Agriculture reports

Growth potential of steers in the Pilbara - a summary. The trial was conducted over a range of conditions on three locations. The pasture type at Wyloo, the Ashburton River frontage, which is regarded as one of the most productive pasture types in the area, combined with conservative stocking, a fresh paddock and excellent seasonal conditions during 1995, gives us an indication of the District's potential. In extrapolating any of these data to other cases, consideration must be given to adjustment base

Nutritional And Alimentative State Of The Canaviri, Pocohata, Colina Blanca, Puente Arriba And Villa Arriendo, Ingavi Province, Department Of La Paz - 1996, Juana F. Moraima Gonzles Tapia

Theses and Dissertations

The intent of the present work responds to the necessity of the settlers in depressed areas of La Paz's Altiplano in Bolivia of knowing the reality surrounding the unfolding of their lives. The focus takes into account only one part of all that weighs down on them: that part dealing with their nutritional and alimentative state. This study takes in the communities of Canaviri, Pocohata, Colina Blanca, Puente Arriba, and Villa Arriendo of the Ingavi Province in the Department of La Paz. The variable taken into account is the families' nutritional situation; these families possessing the same status in the …

Small Mammal Community Structure In Restored Prairies, Kathleen A. Falout

Masters Theses

The Illinois Department of Natural Resources currently manages approximately 4,000 hectares of natural prairie. High human impacts coupled with small patch size result in challenging management decisions for prairie conservation. The ideal restored prairie would consist of a mosaic of habitats varying in vegetation from forb-grass dominated areas to oak savannas, with concurrent stages of vegetative succession occurring across the habitats. A study was conducted at the Middle Fork State Fish and Wildlife Area located in Vermillion County, IL, to analyze small mammal diversity and community composition among three different stages of prairie restoration.

The three treatment categories were: fallow …

Development Of A New Hydroseeding Process For Soil Stabilisation And Vegetation, Eileen T. Keane

Theses

A variety of mechanical and chemical extraction procedures were used to produce crude alginate gels from 3 seaweed species. These viscous hydrocolloidal substances had excellent adhesive properties but did however prove phytotoxic to germinating seeds. Experimental gels were subsequently refined and germination trials were carried out to determine optimum gel types. Pilot field trials were set up to compare the 2 most favourable gels with existing commercial hydroseeding products imported from Norway and Sweden. These tests involved the use of experimental plots on loam and sand substrates with slopes of 0^, 22^ and 45^. A number of biodegradable organic substances …

Regulation Of Phospholipid Biosynthesis In The Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae By The Ume6 Gene, John Charles Jackson

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Ecology And Community Relationships Of The River Cooter, Pseudemys Concinna In A Southern Illinois Backwater, Michael J. Dreslik

Masters Theses

In Illinois the River cooter, Pseudemys concinna, is an enigmatic endangered species. Even throughout its range, ecological studies on the River cooter are rare. During 1994 and 1995 I quantified the: growth rates and trends, population size and structure and dietary habits of a population from floodplain lake in Gallatin county, Illinois. Population estimation (Schnabel method) predicted 136 individuals at a density of 4.6 turtles/ha with a biomass of 3.6 Kg/ha. The sex ratio is slightly male biased (1:1.14). From back-calculated growth data, the von Bertalanffy growth model (Fabens' method) estimates males with a higher growth rate (k) and …

Physical Condition And Reproductive Success Of White-Tailed Deer At Fort Chaffee, Ar: A Five-Year Study, Donald A. Phillips

Masters Theses

A baseline study conducted in 1991 demonstrated that the resident white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas was in poor condition, with below average reproductive success, body weight, and antler size, and above average parasite load compared to other regional deer populations. Consequently, a management program was initiated in 1991 which included: (1) neutralizing acidic soils, (2) prescribed burning, (3) planting supplemental food plots, and (4) liberalizing the harvest of female adults from the population. The purpose of this study was to monitor changes in the health and reproductive success of the herd as this program was implemented. …

Parental Investment In The Red-Eared Slider Turtle, Trachemys Scripta, Michael D. Marlen

Masters Theses

This study was conducted to determine egg and hatchling components of the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta). In addition, energy components transferred from egg to hatchling were used to determine the level of parental investment in embryogenesis and hatchling care. Eggs of the red-eared slider, collected from central Illinois ponds, were obtained by inducing gravid females to lay by an injection of oxytocin. Egg and hatchling lipids were extracted with petroleum ether while egg and hatchling protein content was determined using the micro-Kjeldahl procedure. Eggs averaged 70.7% water by mass, and dry mass of whole eggs and egg yolks averaged 2.4g …

The Influence Of Environmental Ph And Bicarbonate Concentration On The Excretion Of Nitrogenous Waste Products In Two Species Of Freshwater Teleost, Paul D. Fabsits

Masters Theses

The catabolism of amino acids derived from dietary protein results in the production of ammonia and bicarbonate ion, waste products that an animal must eliminate. Often, animals excrete a nitrogenous waste product that is correlated with water availability: Freshwater fish, living where water is abundant, usually excrete ammonia while terrestrial animals excrete urea or uric acid. Recent studies report that fish inhabiting alkaline waters (pH 10) characterized by high bicarbonate concentrations do not excrete ammonia, instead synthesize urea, an energetically expensive process. The conversion to urea excretion by a normally ammonotelic animal is likely to be stimulated by a specific …

Microhabitat Use By Gilbert's Potoroo (Potorous Tridactylus Gilbertii Gould) In Relation To Vegetation Associations And Ground Cover, S. Vetten

Theses : Honours

Gilbert's potoroo has been rediscovered 120 years after it was believed to have become extinct. In 1994 the presence of Gilbert's potoroo was confirmed at Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, near Albany, and since that time the need for a detailed understanding of the biology and behaviour of the species has become urgent. An understanding of the habitat requirements of the species will aid in its recovery from its present critically endangered status and will act as a guide for future management decisions concerning translocations of new populations into other areas. The present study was conducted at Two Peoples Bay …

The Effect Of Aging On Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Ben E. Reinking

Presidential Scholars Theses (1990 – 2006)

Muscle atrophy and decreased strength are an accepted part of aging. While physical inactivity may account for some of these losses, physically active individuals still experience age related reduction in muscle mass and strength. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects that aging has on skeletal muscle regeneration. It is hypothesized that the recovery of muscle mass and force following muscular injury will decrease with age. The anesthetic bupivacaine, a potent myotoxic agent, was injected into the left tibialis anterior (TA) of young, adult, and senescent rats (3, 18, 31 months). The right leg served as an …

Relationship Between Bp (Baculovirus Penaei) Energy Reserves In Larval And Postlarval Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus Vannamei, Kenneth C. Stuck, Lidia M. Stuck, Robin M. Overstreet, Shiao Y. Wang

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The relationship between energy reserves of the penaeid shrimp Penaeus vannamei and Baculovirus penaei, or BP, were investigated in a series of experiments using mysis stage or early postlarval shrimp. Pre-exposure and post-exposure levels of protein and triacylgycerol (TAG) were determined. The effect of pre-exposure protein and TAG levels on susceptibility to BP infections was also investigated by starving a group of shrimp immediately prior to BP exposure. There was no consistent relationship between either pre-exposure or post-exposure protein levels and the percent of shrimp developing patent BP infections. There was, however, a significant positive correlation between TAG levels …

Investigations On Determination Of Nutritional Status Of Apricot (Cv. Hasanbey) Grown In Erzincan, Muharrem Güleryüz, İbrahim Bolat, Lütfi Pirlak, Ahmet Eşi̇tken, Sezai Erci̇şli̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out to determine the seasonal variations in the amount of leaf nutrient elements, and nutritional status through soil and plant analysis in Erzincan apricot (cv. Hasanbey) orchards. The seasonal variations of plant nutrient element in leaves were generally minimum starting 20 days before harvest and lasted until harvest in Erzincan. This term was found the best time in order to collect the leaf samples At the experimental site pH ranged from 0.77 to 3.16%. Leaf N contents of some orchards were found to be below normal. P content of both soil and leaves was generally insufficient. …

Annual Forages: New Approaches For C-4 Forages, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The current agricultural paradigm in the U.S. is heavily biased towards the production and marketing of crops as commodities. This paradigm is kept in place by grain handling and marketing infrastructure, as well as government farm programs, designed for crops as commodities. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and maize (Zea mays L.) grown for grain certainly fit into this current paradigm.

A new approach to agricultural production and marketing, identity preserved products, is gaining in importance. This is made possible through new technologies and markets demanding products designed specifically for their needs. Examples of investment in identity preserved …

Effect Of Different Zinc Sources On The Growth Of Rice Plants (Oryza Sativa L.), Hilmi Uğurluoğlu, Burhan Kacar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The objective of this study is to compare the effect of different zinc sources on the dry matter yield and Zn content of rice plants grown in the soils having different levels of the total calcium carbonate. For this purpose soil samples were collected from rice growing areas of Çorum, Kızılcahamam and Nallıhan in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. A pot experiment was established in greenhouse and the rice plants were grown for 7 weeks in the soils by the application of zinc at the rate of 0, 2, 4 and 8 ppm Zn as ZnO, ZnSO4. 7H2O and Zn-EDTA. …

Studies On Fruit Development And Cellular Morphology Of Quinces, Erdem Büyükkoca, İsmail Karaçali

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to investigate the fruit development and cellular morphology of some quince cultivars selected in Ege Region of Turkey. During the developing period from fullbloom to harvest maturity, fruit diameter increased linearly but fruit weight followed in simple sigmoid curve. The dimensions of radial epidermal and tangential hypodermal cells increased at the same rate and 4-6 fold, isodiametric paranchymatic cells 7 fold. In mature fruit, they were 20-25 x 40-80 µm, 25-40 x 70-100 µm and 300 µm, respectively. The cell number on fruit flesh thicknes has increased from 40 to 110 in 6 weeks from fullbloom …

Soils Of The Mount Beaumont Area, G G. Scholz, Henry Smolinski

Land resources series

Mount Beaumont Mount Beaumont is approximately 100 km north-east of Esperance in the south-east of Western Australia. In 1982 an area of 35,000 ha of virgin Crown Land was released for agriculture (identified as Mount Beaumont Stage I) and later it was proposed to release a further 33,600 ha (Mount Beaumont Stage II). Following development of the first stage, doubts arose about the suitability of the soils for agriculture, so the Department of Agriculture (now Agriculture Western Australia) surveyed the soils of the Mount Beaumont Stage II area before further land release. The survey indicated severe limitations to production and …

Amino Acid Substitutions In Membrane-Spanning Domains Of Hol1, A Member Of The Major Facilitator Superfamily Of Transporters, Confer Nonselective Cation Uptake In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Matthew B. Wright, Elizabeth A. Howell, Richard F. Gaber

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Let A(formula presented) -dimensional compactum and (formula presented)Mn a map into a piecewise linear (formula presented). The main result of this paper asserts that if X is locally (formula presented)-connected and/is (formula presented)-connected, th

Nutritional Value Of Grazed Forages And How It Fits The Cow’S Requirement, Don C. Adams, Richard T. Clark, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jerry D. Volesky

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The concept of matching nutrients available in grazed forages with nutrient requirements of the cow has been reviewed and recommended as a means to most efficiently utilize grazed forages (Valentine 1990, Vavra and Raleigh 1976). We further develop the principles and concepts necessary to improve the match between forage quality and the cow's nutrient needs and discuss potential impacts on management and production cost.

Channel Catfish, Ictalurus Punctatus, T-Lymphocyte Mitogenic Responses To Outer Membrane Proteins And Lps Of The Gram Negative Rod Bacterium, Edwardsiella Ictaluri, Barry Revis Hamilton

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Barry Revis Hamilton on December 8, 1995.

Dealing With A Down-Cycle In The Cattle Market, Tom Brink

Range Beef Cow Symposium

It’s no secret that the cattle market is in a down-cycle. Cattle numbers and beef supplies are on the rise. Cattle prices have declined significantly during the past two years, and will probably continue trending lower for another year or two.

Lower calf prices are creating a major cost/price squeeze for many producers in the cow/calf segment of the industry. Cattle-Fax estimates that less than 25% of U.S. cow/calf operations will be profitable in 1995. Over half of all producers will see significant red ink.

Real World Epd Considerations For Seedstock And Commercial Decision-Making, Doug L. Hixon

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Working with beef cattle producers over the past 15 plus years, I have become convinced that the genetic component of beef production systems does not receive the time and consideration it should relative to the economic benefit it can provide. Over the past several years we have seen the development of EPDs (Expected Progeny Differences). EPDs are available on various traits of economic importance. They are a tool that can be used to predict an animal’s genetic potential, in a relative sense, and provide the potential for directional change in these traits of economic importance.

Breed associations may differ slightly …

Management Factors To Improve Health In Newborn Calves, Franklyn B. Garry

Range Beef Cow Symposium

For most beef cow herds, the single most important means of increasing income is increasing the number of calves weaned and sold relative to the number of cows in the operation, or by definition, increasing reproductive efficiency. While certain production and carcass traits can be most directly influenced by genetic selection, reproductive performance is overwhelmingly influenced by management. Increasing the profitability of a ranch operation therefore relies very heavily on adjusting management practices to improve reproductive efficiency. In order to accomplish this, we first need to know what factors are most influential in reproductive performance. We specifically need to identify …

Management Factors To Decrease Health Problems In Weaned Calves, M. L. Galyean, G. C. Duff, K. J. Malcom-Callis

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Economic losses caused by morbidity and mortality from bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in newly weaned/received cattle are one of the most significant problems facing the beef cattle industry. In small feedlots (100 to 1,000 animals marketed annually) throughout the United States (USDA-APHIS, 1994), death losses ranged from 1.5 to 2.7 per 100 animals marketed, with greater losses in western than in central regions of the US. Two-thirds to three-quarters of these deaths were attributed to respiratory disease (USDA-APHIS, 1994).

Two factors contribute to the high incidence of BRD in newly received, lightweight (e.g., < 400 to 500 lb) cattle. First, stresses associated with weaning and transportation negatively impact the immune system (Blecha et al., 1984) at a time when the animal is often exposed to a variety of infectious agents as a result of marketing procedures. Second, feed intake by stressed calves is typically low (Cole, 1995), averaging approximately 1.5% of BW during the first 2 wk after arrival of lightweight feeder cattle (Galyean and Hubbert, 1995). This low feed, and thereby nutrient, intake may further impair immune function (Cole, 1995). Older (e.g., yearling) cattle typically have greater intake than lightweight cattle subjected to shipping stress, although outbreaks of BRD can still be a problem in older cattle. Practices that have been used to offset these negative factors that impact the health of newly received cattle include preconditioning (Cole, 1993), on-ranch vaccination programs (Parker et al., 1993), nutritional management, and prophylactic medication. This review will emphasize nutritional and prophylactic medication approaches and their effects on performance and health of newly weaned/received beef cattle.

Time Of Weaning And Cow Condition, Jack C. Whittier

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The primary mission of a beef brood cow is to consistently produce calves. There are numerous management practices designed to assist cows in accomplishing this mission. Young cows frequently require more management attention to be reproductively successful than do older, mature cows.

In recent years attention has been focused on altering time of weaning to manipulate cow body condition as a method of maintaining high reproductive rates while also reducing winter feed requirements. If cows nurse their calves for a longer or shorter period of time than is traditional, a corresponding decrease or increase in body condition may result due …

Reducing Calving Difficulty By Heifer And Sire Selection And Management, Gene H. Deutscher

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Calf deaths caused by dystocia (calving difficulty) result in a $600 million annual loss to U.S. beef producers (Bellows and Short, 1994). Therefore, methods to reduce dystocia must be investigated, understood, and utilized to decrease the incidence and degree of calving difficulty. A review of early research was presented at the 1989 Range Beef Cow Symposium at Rapid City (Deutscher, 1989) indicating the major cause of dystocia in first calf heifers was a disproportion between the size of calf at birth (birth weight) and the cow's birth canal (pelvic area). A pelvic area/ birth weight ratio developed in Nebraska was …

Developing Specified And Predictable Replacement Heifers, Richard (Dick) Kjerstad

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Thank you for the invitation to participate in the Range Beef Cow Symposium XIV. I have attended some of the Symposia over the years and have found them all to be very informative and educational. I congratulate the staff of the four Universities for the contribution they give to the Beef Industry.

My family has a grain and livestock operation in western South Dakota. My wife and I have four sons, who are all involved in our operation.

Developing a cow herd that will produce specific, predictable and on-time off-spring, has always been a challenge for most ranchers.

Buying feeder …

What Does The Cattle Buyer Look For In Feeder Cattle?, Robbi H. Pritchard

Range Beef Cow Symposium

This subject is steeped with opinion, prejudice and fact in a recipe similar to politics. Some issues are understood, definable and reflected in market prices. We all are aware of body weight, fill, frame, and flesh influences on price and value. Unfortunately, these four factors are inadequate for identifying as much of the profit potential differences between feeder cattle as we would like. As the industry pushes to find sources of profitable cattle, a much broader range of issues is being addressed. The motives and rationales behind these promotions deserve serious scrutiny. We need to distinguish between opinion, prejudice and …