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Chelidonic Acid Abrogates Oxidative Stress And Memory Dysfunction In Experimental Aging Rats, Feri̇de Ni̇hal Si̇nan, Emel Serdaroğlu Kaşikçi, Burcu Çevreli̇ Dec 2024

Chelidonic Acid Abrogates Oxidative Stress And Memory Dysfunction In Experimental Aging Rats, Feri̇de Ni̇hal Si̇nan, Emel Serdaroğlu Kaşikçi, Burcu Çevreli̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: In an aging model established in male Wistar albino rats via the administration of D-galactose (D-gal), the aim of this study was to examine the effects of chelidonic acid on cognitive functioning and the levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), Total antioxidant status (TAS), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).Materials and methods: Thirty-two Wistar albino (three month old) male rats (n = 8) were used. Group 1: Control (C), Group 2: Chelidonic acid (CA) (2 mg/kg oral gavage), Group 3: D-galactose (D-gal) (150 mg/kg, s.c.), Group 4: D-gal (150 mg/kg) + CA (2 mg/kg) (DC). Following an overnight fast, the …


Microplastics In The Mix: Types And Retention Of Microplastics Within A Mixed Species Seagrass Meadow In The Tamar Estuary, Ida S. Kreuze Dec 2024

Microplastics In The Mix: Types And Retention Of Microplastics Within A Mixed Species Seagrass Meadow In The Tamar Estuary, Ida S. Kreuze

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Microplastic pollution in coastal systems is becoming increasingly prevalent and a commonly discussed topic in science and the media. Seagrass beds have been identified as highly vulnerable environments to microplastic pollution due to their nature as traps for particulate matter in the water column, and their role in habitat production and blue carbon storage makes them of high conservation concern. This study examined a mixed species seagrass bed in the Tamar Estuary in Plymouth Sound, composed of Nanozostera noltei and a morphology of Zostera marina, to identify how seagrass shoot density and sediment particle size impacted the number and …


Influence Of Patch Characteristics On Pollinator Behavior And Seed Production In Centaurea Stoebe, Abigail Hiltke Dec 2024

Influence Of Patch Characteristics On Pollinator Behavior And Seed Production In Centaurea Stoebe, Abigail Hiltke

Theses - ALL

Discontinuous, or patchy, landscapes may affect pollinator foraging behaviors and could potentially lower the fitness of isolated plant communities by limiting and/or altering pollination services. I tested this idea by examining changes in pollinator behavior in patches of spotted knapweed of different size, flower density, and distance from one another. Based on predictions from optimal foraging theory, I identified and measured key pollination promoting behaviors that may change when foragers are exposed to discontinuous landscape. These behaviors were pollinator visitation rates to patches, the number of visits to individual flowers within patches, and the handling time per flower. These factors …


Exploring Nutrition Teachers' Perspectives Of Enacted Nutrition Policies To Address Childhood Obesity In The Bahamas, Shondell M. De Velde Dec 2024

Exploring Nutrition Teachers' Perspectives Of Enacted Nutrition Policies To Address Childhood Obesity In The Bahamas, Shondell M. De Velde

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain a comprehensive understanding of nutrition teachers' perspectives on enacted nutrition policies aimed at combating childhood obesity in The Bahamas. The central phenomenon of the study is teachers' perspectives of enacted nutrition policies to address childhood obesity in The Bahamas. The Health Belief Model (HBM) developed by Irwin M. Rosenstock in the 1950s was used to provide a theoretical framework, that can be used to understand nutrition teachers' perceptions and actions related to enacted nutrition policies. The HBM delves into an individual’s motivation to accept healthy behavior and is thus constructed to …


Quality And Sensory Characteristics Of Selected Freeze-Dried Foods After 50 Years Storage, Prithiviraj Jegannathan Dec 2024

Quality And Sensory Characteristics Of Selected Freeze-Dried Foods After 50 Years Storage, Prithiviraj Jegannathan

Theses and Dissertations

Freeze-drying is a dehydration process that uses low temperature and pressure to remove moisture from food. With an annual market value of over $35 billion in 2023, freeze-dried foods are widely used in various situations requiring long-term storage such as military rations, emergency food supplies, and space exploration. Freeze-dried foods are becoming more popular for their quality, light weight, easy storage at room temperature, and quick rehydration. Moreover, many freeze-dried food manufacturers claim that their freeze-dried food products can last for 25 years or more. However, there are currently no published studies supporting such claims. Chemical, physical, and sensory properties …


Factors Affecting Sport-Related Concussion Non-Disclosure In Women's Rugby-A Multi-Country Qualitative Analysis, Lisa Ryan, Ed Daly, Katherine Hunzinger Dec 2024

Factors Affecting Sport-Related Concussion Non-Disclosure In Women's Rugby-A Multi-Country Qualitative Analysis, Lisa Ryan, Ed Daly, Katherine Hunzinger

Department of Exercise Science Faculty Papers

Background and Objectives: Collision-sport athletes, such as rugby players, are at risk of sport-related concussion (SRC). Women are known to be at higher risk of SRC and may experience more severe and chronic symptomology than men. Knowledge of the factors that affect a player’s disclosure of their concussive symptoms could help to inform strategies to improve compliance with reporting and management of head injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that may impact women rugby players’ disclosure of a concussion. Methods: Twenty-eight adult (≥18 years of age) elite and semi-elite women rugby players from the UK …


Structural Variant Allelic Heterogeneity In Mecp2 Duplication Syndrome Provides Insight Into Clinical Severity And Variability Of Disease Expression, Davut Pehlivan, Jesse D Bengtsson, Sameer S Bajikar, Christopher M Grochowski, Ming Yin Lun, Mira Gandhi, Angad Jolly, Alexander J Trostle, Holly K Harris, Bernhard Suter, Sukru Aras, Melissa B Ramocki, Haowei Du, Michele G Mehaffey, Kyunghee Park, Ellen Wilkey, Cemal Karakas, Jesper J Eisfeldt, Maria Pettersson, Lynn Liu, Marwan S Shinawi, Virginia E Kimonis, Wojciech Wiszniewski, Kyle Mckenzie, Timo Roser, Angela M Vianna-Morgante, Alberto S Cornier, Ahmed Abdelmoity, James P Hwang, Shalini N Jhangiani, Donna M Muzny, Tadahiro Mitani, Kazuhiro Muramatsu, Shin Nabatame, Daniel G Glaze, Jawid M Fatih, Richard A Gibbs, Zhandong Liu, Anna Lindstrand, Fritz J Sedlazeck, James R Lupski, Huda Y Zoghbi, Claudia M B Carvalho Dec 2024

Structural Variant Allelic Heterogeneity In Mecp2 Duplication Syndrome Provides Insight Into Clinical Severity And Variability Of Disease Expression, Davut Pehlivan, Jesse D Bengtsson, Sameer S Bajikar, Christopher M Grochowski, Ming Yin Lun, Mira Gandhi, Angad Jolly, Alexander J Trostle, Holly K Harris, Bernhard Suter, Sukru Aras, Melissa B Ramocki, Haowei Du, Michele G Mehaffey, Kyunghee Park, Ellen Wilkey, Cemal Karakas, Jesper J Eisfeldt, Maria Pettersson, Lynn Liu, Marwan S Shinawi, Virginia E Kimonis, Wojciech Wiszniewski, Kyle Mckenzie, Timo Roser, Angela M Vianna-Morgante, Alberto S Cornier, Ahmed Abdelmoity, James P Hwang, Shalini N Jhangiani, Donna M Muzny, Tadahiro Mitani, Kazuhiro Muramatsu, Shin Nabatame, Daniel G Glaze, Jawid M Fatih, Richard A Gibbs, Zhandong Liu, Anna Lindstrand, Fritz J Sedlazeck, James R Lupski, Huda Y Zoghbi, Claudia M B Carvalho

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: MECP2 Duplication Syndrome, also known as X-linked intellectual developmental disorder Lubs type (MRXSL; MIM: 300260), is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by copy number gains spanning MECP2. Despite varying genomic rearrangement structures, including duplications and triplications, and a wide range of duplication sizes, no clear correlation exists between DNA rearrangement and clinical features. We had previously demonstrated that up to 38% of MRXSL families are characterized by complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) of intermediate complexity (2 ≤ copy number variant breakpoints < 5), yet the impact of these genomic structures on regulation of gene expression and phenotypic manifestations have not been investigated.

METHODS: To study the role of the genomic rearrangement structures on an individual's clinical phenotypic variability, we employed a comprehensive …


The Influence Of Heat Therapy On Redox Signaling In Skeletal Muscle, Kimberly Miriam Richard Dec 2024

The Influence Of Heat Therapy On Redox Signaling In Skeletal Muscle, Kimberly Miriam Richard

Theses and Dissertations

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been identified as crucial signaling molecules in skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise and signal for protective pathways within the myofiber. Pathological heat stress studies in animals demonstrate the ability of heat to increase ROS production in skeletal muscle. Limited data on the influence of therapeutic heat on ROS production and redox signaling in human skeletal muscle exists in the literature. The purpose of this study was to assess ROS production and redox signaling in human skeletal muscle following an acute, therapeutic bout of heat treatment. We hypothesized that heat would create an oxidized environment within …


Investigation And Computational Analysis Of The Iqd Gene Family In Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.): Expression Profiling Under Salt Stress, Tarik Kirlioğlu, Aybüke Okay, Emi̇ne Sümer Aras, İlker Büyük Dec 2024

Investigation And Computational Analysis Of The Iqd Gene Family In Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.): Expression Profiling Under Salt Stress, Tarik Kirlioğlu, Aybüke Okay, Emi̇ne Sümer Aras, İlker Büyük

Turkish Journal of Botany

Common bean is one of the most nutritionally important legumes because of its high-quality protein content. While its genome has been widely studied however, the IQD gene family has not been extensively investigated in common bean to date. The IQD proteins (IQ-67 domain), a type of calmodulin-binding protein, are involved in plant growth and development, as well as the plant's response to environmental stressors. In this study, thirty-six PvIQD genes were discovered and their proteins were found to be classified into four groups according to the phylogenetic tree. The proteins which are encoded by PvIQD genes with similar exon-intron pattern …


Genome-Wide Identification And Characterization Of The Lea Gene Family In Common Bean And The Role Of The Dehydrin Gene Pvhdn3 In Enhancing Salt And Drought Tolerance In Transgenic Tobacco Plant., Gökhan Gökdemi̇r, Zafer Seçgin, Karam Mostafa, Mohamed Farah Abdulla, Musa Kavas Dec 2024

Genome-Wide Identification And Characterization Of The Lea Gene Family In Common Bean And The Role Of The Dehydrin Gene Pvhdn3 In Enhancing Salt And Drought Tolerance In Transgenic Tobacco Plant., Gökhan Gökdemi̇r, Zafer Seçgin, Karam Mostafa, Mohamed Farah Abdulla, Musa Kavas

Turkish Journal of Botany

Global climate change exposes crops to numerous abiotic and biotic stress factors, significantly threatening their growth, development, and overall productivity. Among the various abiotic stresses, salt and drought are the most detrimental, having a severe impact on yield stability. Late Embryogenesis Abundant proteins (LEA) represent a broad and varied class of polypeptides that accumulate in response to cellular dehydration across diverse organisms. Nonetheless, there has been a scarcity of studies on this protein family in common beans prior to this investigation. In this study, we identified 69 members of the LEA gene family in common bean, characterized by conserved LEA …


Innovations In Plant Genome Editing And Biotechnology: Addressing Global Agricultural Challenges, Bayram Ali̇ Yerli̇kaya, Karam Mostafa, Abdullah Aydin, Seher Yerli̇kaya, Momna Mehmood, Ni̇sa Nur Yilmaz, Kubi̇lay Yildirim, Musa Kavas Dec 2024

Innovations In Plant Genome Editing And Biotechnology: Addressing Global Agricultural Challenges, Bayram Ali̇ Yerli̇kaya, Karam Mostafa, Abdullah Aydin, Seher Yerli̇kaya, Momna Mehmood, Ni̇sa Nur Yilmaz, Kubi̇lay Yildirim, Musa Kavas

Turkish Journal of Botany

Developments in genome editing and plant biotechnology in recent years, especially CRISPR-Cas9 and RNA interference (RNAi) technologies, offer essential tools for solving global agricultural problems that are worsened by climate change and the increasing food demand caused by the rising world population. This review focuses on the urgent need to feed a growing global population. It explores how key biotechnological tools can enhance crop resilience and nutritional quality amid climate variability and extreme weather. The applicability of CRISPR-Cas technologies in the development of climate-friendly, more nutritious, and higher-yielding crops has opened a biotechnological avenue for the development of both transgenic …


Identification Of Genes Associated With Zinc And Copper Concentrations In Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) By Gwas Analysis, Berfi̇n Nazlican Kaman, Bülent Yağmur, Erdal Orman, Muhammed Bahatti̇n Tanyolaç, Duygu Ateş Dec 2024

Identification Of Genes Associated With Zinc And Copper Concentrations In Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) By Gwas Analysis, Berfi̇n Nazlican Kaman, Bülent Yağmur, Erdal Orman, Muhammed Bahatti̇n Tanyolaç, Duygu Ateş

Turkish Journal of Botany

154 walnut genotypes from various geographic regions were analyzed in the study. Micronutrient concentrations of zinc (Zn) ranged from 1.61 to 8.98 mg/100 g, and the concentrations of copper (Cu) varied between 0.12 and 0.38 mg/100 g. 16,473 SNPs were generated using Diversity Array Technology (DArT) for genome-wide association (GWAS) studies. The Mixed Linear Model (MLM) utilizing the Q + K model revealed seven associated markers for the element Zn in 2021 and four in 2022. The MLM (Q + K) model indicated two associated markers for the element Cu in 2021 and three in 2022. The markers found in …


Exploring The Population Structure And Genetic Diversity In Apple Germplasm Using Ipbs-Retrotransposon Markers, Aigul Madenova, Angsagan Kuan, Amjad Ali, Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, Muhammad Tanveer Altaf, Balnur Kabylbekova, Dinara Kaldybaeva, Ti̇mur Turdi̇yev, Faheem Shahzad Baloch Dec 2024

Exploring The Population Structure And Genetic Diversity In Apple Germplasm Using Ipbs-Retrotransposon Markers, Aigul Madenova, Angsagan Kuan, Amjad Ali, Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, Muhammad Tanveer Altaf, Balnur Kabylbekova, Dinara Kaldybaeva, Ti̇mur Turdi̇yev, Faheem Shahzad Baloch

Turkish Journal of Botany

The apple (Malus domestica [Suckow] Borkh) is economically and culturally significant worldwide, thriving in temperate regions. This study examined genetic variations among 52 apple accessions from three research centers in Kazakhstan using the iPBS-retrotransposons marker system. Out of 35 screened markers, 12 highly polymorphic markers were selected for PCR amplification, resulting in 280 bands, 279 of which were polymorphic, yielding a 99.64% polymorphism rate. Genetic diversity indices showed substantial variation: effective number of alleles (ne=1.655), Shannon's information index (I=0.373), gene diversity (h=0.549), and an average genetic distance of 1.2. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 98.80% of the …


Selective Indel Marker Identification Across The Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Genome Using Ddradseq, Moin Qureshi, Bi̇rgül Guden, Hi̇lal Şule Tosun, Mojtaba Kordrostami, Sunil Shiwaji Gangurde, Bülent Uzun, Engi̇n Yol Dec 2024

Selective Indel Marker Identification Across The Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Genome Using Ddradseq, Moin Qureshi, Bi̇rgül Guden, Hi̇lal Şule Tosun, Mojtaba Kordrostami, Sunil Shiwaji Gangurde, Bülent Uzun, Engi̇n Yol

Turkish Journal of Botany

The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, mainly double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADSeq), has significantly advanced the development of molecular markers for crop genetics. This study used ddRADSeq to identify and develop insertion-deletion (InDel) markers in 25 peanut genotypes from diverse geographic regions. The bioinformatic analysis unveiled 62728 InDels across the peanut genome, predominantly between 1-5 bp, which constituted 96% of the total, while InDels of ≥ 6 bp accounted for 3.96%. We focused on 1013 InDels of at least 10 bp for further analysis, representing 1.61% of the total reads, with a distribution of 832 insertions and 181 …


Degradation And Digestion Of Polypropylene, Polyethylene, And Styrofoam By Tenebrio Molitor L. (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidae) Larvae, Wachju Subchan, Abdu Rohman, Jekti Prihatin, Fahriyah Ulimatus Salma, Rohima Novianti Halimah, Alifia Wardhatul Jannah, Risa Rosita Dec 2024

Degradation And Digestion Of Polypropylene, Polyethylene, And Styrofoam By Tenebrio Molitor L. (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidae) Larvae, Wachju Subchan, Abdu Rohman, Jekti Prihatin, Fahriyah Ulimatus Salma, Rohima Novianti Halimah, Alifia Wardhatul Jannah, Risa Rosita

Makara Journal of Science

The increasing use of disposable plastic bags is affecting environmental problems because it requires thousands of years to degrade naturally. To overcome these problems, mealworms (larvae of Tenebrio molitor L.) become an alter-native solution. They can be considered as biodegradation agents of plastic because of the presence of symbiont bacte-ria in its gut that secretes plastic-depolymerizing enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the degradation and digestion ability of T. molitor in consuming various plastic types and thickness. Two designs have also been used: first, comparing the degradation and digestion of various plastic types, and second, comparing the degradation and …


Morphological And Molecular Identification Of Saurida Spp. (Teleostei: Synodontidae) From Saudi Arabia And Indonesia, Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti, Suciyono Suciyono, Mohamed Ahmed Abu El-Regal Dec 2024

Morphological And Molecular Identification Of Saurida Spp. (Teleostei: Synodontidae) From Saudi Arabia And Indonesia, Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti, Suciyono Suciyono, Mohamed Ahmed Abu El-Regal

Makara Journal of Science

Saurida is a unique fishery commodity because it is difficult to differentiate visually. They can be only effectively con-served once accurately identified. This study aimed to determine the morphology and molecular characteristics of Sau-rida spp. from Banyuwangi (Indonesia) and Jizan (Saudi Arabia). Meristic and morphometric analysis was performed for morphological identification, whereas COI gene analysis was performed for molecular identification. Morphological analysis was performed to identify Saurida in this study, such as S. tumbil (Jizan, Saudi Arabia) and S. micropectoralis (Banyuwangi, Indonesia). S. tumbil did not have dark brown spots on the lateral line and upper caudal fin, whereas S. …


Observations On The Biodegration By Solid State Fermentation Of The Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma Merkusii) Biomass By Two Endolichenic Fungi Isolates, Maria Helena, Helen Joan Lawalata, Dino Rahardiyan, Livana Dethris Rawung, Emma Mauren Moko Dec 2024

Observations On The Biodegration By Solid State Fermentation Of The Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma Merkusii) Biomass By Two Endolichenic Fungi Isolates, Maria Helena, Helen Joan Lawalata, Dino Rahardiyan, Livana Dethris Rawung, Emma Mauren Moko

Makara Journal of Science

Giant swamp taro (GST/Cyrtosperma merkusii), a local North Sulawesi coastal plant, is underutilized but has high po-tential for cultivation as a paludiculture plant on rewetted peatland restorations. GST has high starch content and is currently being explored for potential use. This study explored the potential of using the biomass pulp yielded as resi-dues of the starch extraction process. Endolichenic fungi (Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus aculeatus) isolated from local lichens, were inoculated on the GST biomass in a solid state fermentation (SSF). Findings of this study indicate that both isolates were effective in degrading the lignocellulosic biomass of GST over an …


The Activity And Origin Of The Chitinases In The Gut Of The Mediterranean House Gecko, Alec John Dec 2024

The Activity And Origin Of The Chitinases In The Gut Of The Mediterranean House Gecko, Alec John

Masters Theses (Archived)

Chitin is a major component of the exoskeleton of arthropods as well as the cell wall of fungi. This amino polysaccharide polymer provides structure and protection to these organisms and represents a significant barrier to digestion of arthropod prey and fighting fungal infections. Chitinases are enzymes that break down chitin. Smaller insectivores, based upon the higher surface-to-volume ratio of their even smaller prey, ingest a large amount of chitin per unit prey item. Therefore, they represent high-likelihood opportunities to bio prospect for novel chitinases that may be effective against pathogenic fungi. Fungal infections are notoriously difficult to treat, and they …


Gene-Environment Interactions In Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights From Mexican American Populations, Eron G. Manusov, Vincent P. Diego, Marcio Almeida, Jacob Galan, Auwal A. Bala, Marco Arriaga, Natasha Garcia-Rodriguez, Renee Hernandez, Satish Kumar, John Blangero, Sarah Williams-Blangero Dec 2024

Gene-Environment Interactions In Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights From Mexican American Populations, Eron G. Manusov, Vincent P. Diego, Marcio Almeida, Jacob Galan, Auwal A. Bala, Marco Arriaga, Natasha Garcia-Rodriguez, Renee Hernandez, Satish Kumar, John Blangero, Sarah Williams-Blangero

School of Medicine Publications

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent and complex condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This chapter explores the genotype-by-environment interactions that contribute to the development and progression of NAFLD in the Mexican American population. Using advanced genetic epidemiology and bioinformatics approaches, we investigated how specific genetic variants interact with environmental factors such as depression, acculturation stress, and social determinants of health, to influence NAFLD risk and severity. Our findings reveal significant genotype-by-environment interactions for key NAFLD-related traits, including HbA1c, AST/ALT ratio, and steatosis-controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). We also discuss the application of cutting-edge proteomic and transcriptomic …


Comparing Multivalent Cross-Linked Sodium Alginate/ Montmorillonite Beads Containing Curcumin Or Cayenne Pepper As Drug Carriers And Their Antimicrobial Resistance, Shionainn Traynor, Shubham Sharma Dec 2024

Comparing Multivalent Cross-Linked Sodium Alginate/ Montmorillonite Beads Containing Curcumin Or Cayenne Pepper As Drug Carriers And Their Antimicrobial Resistance, Shionainn Traynor, Shubham Sharma

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

The aim of the following work was to investigate and compare curcumin and cayenne pepper in microbeads composed of sodium alginate (SA) crosslinked with montmorillonite (MMT) to act as drug carriers and their antimicrobial resistance. The microbeads were prepared through ion-exchange in multivalent solutions of CaCl2, MgCl2 and AlCl3. The microbeads were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and the time required for intercalation of curcumin and cayenne pepper with MMT. Simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.3) and gastric fluid (pH 1.2) at 37°C were used for comparison in swelling studies. …


Association Between Body Mass Index, Abdominal Obesity And Menopause-Related Symptoms In Postmenopausal Women, Brianna A. Rice, Patricia Heavey Dec 2024

Association Between Body Mass Index, Abdominal Obesity And Menopause-Related Symptoms In Postmenopausal Women, Brianna A. Rice, Patricia Heavey

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Abstract: Existing research demonstrates a lack of data on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and menopause-related symptoms in postmenopausal women, particularly in Ireland. This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between BMI, general abdominal obesity and menopause-related symptoms in postmenopausal women. This should help bridge the data gap regarding postmenopausal women living in Ireland and their symptoms. Introduction: Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of a woman's menstrual cycle. This is caused by a reduction of the secretion of oestrogen and progesterone, leading to reduced ovarian function. These changes have been attributed …


Review: Cell Mechanisms In The Control Of Inflammatory Foundations Of Obesity And Secondary Metabolic Disorders, Kristin Goldstone, Keelin Irwin, Ava O' Meara-Cushen, Cathy Brougham Dec 2024

Review: Cell Mechanisms In The Control Of Inflammatory Foundations Of Obesity And Secondary Metabolic Disorders, Kristin Goldstone, Keelin Irwin, Ava O' Meara-Cushen, Cathy Brougham

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Review: Obesity is a global threat to human health that is precipitating epidemically, with almost 2 billion adults categorised as overweight or obese in 2016. Ireland has one of the highest reports of obesity in Europe with 60% of Irish adults reported as overweight or obese. Inflammation plays an integral role in disease pathogenesis and is a major hallmark of obesity and obesity-related secondary co-morbidities. Obesity-related inflammation can precipitate several diseases, such breast cancer, insulin resistance, type II diabetes and cardiovascular issues. As obesity puts human health at inherent risk, the regulation of obesity-related inflammation is therefore a necessary component …


Investigation Into The Effect Of Aspartame On The Expression Of P53 And Bax In Mouse Stomach Tissue, Angelique Cheryl, Aoife Mac Cooey Dec 2024

Investigation Into The Effect Of Aspartame On The Expression Of P53 And Bax In Mouse Stomach Tissue, Angelique Cheryl, Aoife Mac Cooey

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Introduction: The recent reclassification of aspartame as a Group 2B hazard by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, along with studies suggesting links to cancer, has raised concerns and prompted further investigation. Evidence suggests that aspartame exposure may alter p53 and BAX gene expression, affecting apoptosis in cancer cells. This study aims to examine how aspartame exposure affects p53 and BAX gene expression in normal mouse stomach tissue, shedding light on cellular stress and apoptosis mechanisms.

Methods: Mice were sacrificed, and stomach tissue was excised and divided into control and treatment groups. RNA extraction was carried out in the …


Editorial - Sure Journal Vol 6, Anne M. Friel, Eva Campion, Sinead Loughran Dec 2024

Editorial - Sure Journal Vol 6, Anne M. Friel, Eva Campion, Sinead Loughran

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

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Profitable Improvement In Rangeland Conditions: Cunyu Station’S Achievement Of Synonymous Objectives In The Highly Variable Southern Rangelands Of Western Australia, Bradley Plunkett, Christophe D'Abbadie Dec 2024

Profitable Improvement In Rangeland Conditions: Cunyu Station’S Achievement Of Synonymous Objectives In The Highly Variable Southern Rangelands Of Western Australia, Bradley Plunkett, Christophe D'Abbadie

Natural resources research reports

This case examines the objectives and management practices of Cunyu Station in Western Australia from 1990–2017. The owners’ objectives were to apply best practice knowledge augmented with localized management skills to rigorously adjust total grazing pressure (TGP) from all species (cattle, kangaroos, camels, horses, and donkeys) to levels commensurate with improved landscape conditions, minimized operating costs, and stable cash flows. A combination of infrastructure investment, feral herbivore control, use of the native apex predator (dingo) for kangaroo control, creation, and maintenance of around 18 months of ‘buffer’ pasture, and finishing 30-month-old steers on the Station were key management practices for …


Phosphorus Buffering Determines How Soil Properties And Rainfall Influence Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Yield Response To Phosphorus Fertiliser, Craig Scanlan, Raj Malik, Gustavo Boitt, Mark Gherardi, James Easton, Zed Rengel Dec 2024

Phosphorus Buffering Determines How Soil Properties And Rainfall Influence Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Yield Response To Phosphorus Fertiliser, Craig Scanlan, Raj Malik, Gustavo Boitt, Mark Gherardi, James Easton, Zed Rengel

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Context

Current decision support systems (DSS) for phosphorus (P) fertiliser were developed using data from historical cropping systems. An understanding of how soil properties and rainfall influence wheat (Triticum aestivum) response to P fertiliser in current systems is required to optimise P management. Aims

The aims of this study were to: (1) assess the soil properties that have the greatest influence on relative yield; (2) examine how rainfall conditions influence relative yield; and (3) examine whether there were interactive effects between rainfall and soil properties on relative yield. Methods

Forty P rate-response field experiments were completed in Western …


Improving Health And Well-Being Through Shared Family Meals, Halle Larson, Savannah Daines, Stacy Bevan, Palak Gupta, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos Dec 2024

Improving Health And Well-Being Through Shared Family Meals, Halle Larson, Savannah Daines, Stacy Bevan, Palak Gupta, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos

All Current Publications

Shared family meals provide numerous benefits for children, adolescents, and parents, including improved diet quality, healthier weight, better academic performance, stronger family bonds, and enhanced mental health. Regular family meals help children develop healthier eating habits, reduce risky behaviors, and foster communication skills. Despite challenges such as busy schedules and differing dietary preferences, families can overcome obstacles by starting small, keeping meals simple, involving everyone in meal prep, and minimizing distractions like screens. Creating a positive, flexible mealtime routine can help integrate these valuable moments into family life.


Coastal Marine Heatwaves In The Santa Barbara Channel: Decadal Trends And Ecological Implications, Kit Yu Karen Chan, L. Kui, A. M. Mcdonald, A. L. Ritger, G. E. Hofmann Dec 2024

Coastal Marine Heatwaves In The Santa Barbara Channel: Decadal Trends And Ecological Implications, Kit Yu Karen Chan, L. Kui, A. M. Mcdonald, A. L. Ritger, G. E. Hofmann

Biology Faculty Works

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are of increasing concern due to the emerging ecological and socioeconomic impacts on coastal ecosystems. Leveraging the data of the Santa Barbara Coastal Long-Term Ecological Research project, we analyzed the MHW event metrics observed in the kelp forest ecosystem and across Santa Barbara Channel, CA, USA. Not only was there a significant positive trend in the number of MHWs recorded, their duration and intensity were also increasing over time. MHWs were detected year-round, suggesting that marine organisms have exposure risks regardless of their phenology. Exposure at one life history stage could have a legacy effect on the …


Tnf Prevents Establishment Of Anti-Tumor Immunity And Elucidates Toxicities Following Myxoma Virus Based Oncolytic Virotherapy, Miriam Beatriz Valenzuela Cardenas Dec 2024

Tnf Prevents Establishment Of Anti-Tumor Immunity And Elucidates Toxicities Following Myxoma Virus Based Oncolytic Virotherapy, Miriam Beatriz Valenzuela Cardenas

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF) can lead to tumor regression through its direct cytolytic activity, yet it has also been implicated to facilitate tumor progression. This scenario complicates the efficacy and applicability of TNF based therapeutics as treatment for malignancies. In the context of oncolytic virotherapy (OV) which uses replicating viruses to treat tumors and acts by triggering production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, exploring such mechanisms is vital. Here we show that a Myxoma based oncolytic virus (vPD1/IL12) can induce large amounts TNF. The presence of TNF in the context of vPD1/IL12 plays a detrimental role both for tumor regression by …


Targeting Myeloid Cell Iron Metabolism In Salmonella-Induced Colitis, Mariella Arcos Padilla Dec 2024

Targeting Myeloid Cell Iron Metabolism In Salmonella-Induced Colitis, Mariella Arcos Padilla

Biomedical Engineering ETDs

Salmonellosis is a severe infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, leading to significant global morbidity and mortality.

Previous studies have shown that mice lacking the iron storage protein ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) in myeloid cells exhibit worsened Salmonella infection. Nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4) directs FTH1 autophagic degradation to release iron from storage during conditions of low iron. However, the role of myeloid NCOA4 in regulating bacterial infections remains unclear.

Here, we found that myeloid NCOA4 deficiency augments spleen iron levels and increases cellular iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) cells. This deficiency also …