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Impacts Of Coastal Development And Tourism On Fisheries And Aquatic Biodiversity Of The Red Sea: A Review, Lafi S. Al Solami

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Science

The Red Sea boasts a diverse coastal environment, unique coral reef biodiversity, and fisheries that support rapidly growing marine tourism. Its excellent tourism facilities make it a popular destination. However, intensive tourist activities such as swimming, boating, diving, and fishing have a negative impact on the coastal and marine ecosystem. Additionally, in line with Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia has launched mega projects along the Red Sea coast, increasing tourist activity and leading to human intrusion into critical yet vulnerable marine ecosystems like coral reefs, fish, sea grass beds, and mangrove stands. With the rise in tourism activities and disruptions to …

Metabolic Markers And Gut Microbiota In Big Cats: A Relationship Between Diet, Health And Environment, Javeria Saman, Saima Sharif, Bushra Nisar, Shagufta Naz

Journal of Bioresource Management

The wild animals that occupy large territories were found to adapt less easily to captive environments compared to those with small home ranges. Among big cats, captivity posed a range of challenges, with stress emerging as central factor influencing overall welfare. Transition into captive environment was shown to alter both behavior and physiological processes, largely due to changes in their natural habitat, environmental complexity and diet. Several health issues reported in big cats including alopecia, gastrointestinal issues, neuromuscular disorders such as hindquarter paralysis were associated with underlying metabolic dysregulation. Metabolic health was recognized as critical component of overall well-being, closely …

Haematological Responses Of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) To Diets Supplemented With Varying Levels Of Plant Leaf Meals, Isaack V. Makombe, Harishchandra Pratap, Felister Urasa, Blandina R Lugendo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Plant leaf meals have the potential to replace fishmeal in fish feed formulation, hence reducing its cost and increasing fish production. This study evaluated the effects of plant leaf meals (PLMs) on haematological parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The PLMs of cassava, sweet potatoes, cowpeas and common beans were substituted at the rate of 100% (mixed leaves of all four species, Diet 5), followed by each separate leaf meal at 100% (Diet 4), 75% (Diet 3), 50% (Diet 2) and 0% (control diet containing fish meal, Diet 1). Fish collected from Mbegani Fisheries Institute were kept in five, 80 …

Endophytic Actinobacteria: Deciphering Therapeutic And Industrial Potential, And Prospects Of Genome Mining In Novel Products Discovery, Yusra Waheed, Rabia Shahdin, Imran Sajid

Journal of Bioresource Management

Endophytic actinobacteria are a diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria with high G+C content, which inhabit plants’ internal tissues, and represent a significant yet underexplored reservoir of bioactive secondary metabolites. In host plants, a remarkable repertoire of metabolites, including broad-spectrum antibiotics, anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory compounds, is synthesized by these microbial allies, carrying significant medicinal and agricultural potential. These endophytes, in contrast to their soil relatives, have developed unique biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) strongly influenced by plant-associated factors, leading to the production of structurally novel metabolites. In recent years, the advances in genome mining, metagenomics, and metabolomics have accelerated …

A Review On Nanoparticles: Classification And Roles In Plant Systems, Muhammad Junaid Zafar, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Azeem Rana

Journal of Bioresource Management

Nanotechnology has been a new paradigm of the twenty-first century with several good breakthroughs. These tiny particles, known for their outstanding qualities, are enjoying an increasing influence in many research fields concerning foodstuff, cosmetics, electronics, and pharmacology. Synthesis of nanoparticles includes utilizing chemical processes with reducing agents, alongside employing physical techniques such as top-down and bottom-up approaches for NP formation. The biological approach, known as green synthesis, utilizes plant extracts to ensure increased safety. Biological methods also involve bacteria and fungi, known as the major sources of nanoparticles. It is acknowledged as the most effective and environmentally conscious approach, attributed …

Economic Performance And Technical Efficiency Of “Small-Scale” Vegetable Production In Ido Local Government Area Of Oyo State, Nigeria, Taiye Oluwasola Babatunde, Oluyemisi Omowunmi Babatunde

Journal of Bioresource Management

A study was carried out to examine the economic performance of small-scale vegetable farmers and how effectively they are using their resources in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State. The study involved eighty vegetable farmers who were chosen randomly, and information was gathered from them using structured questionnaires. Different tools such as budget analysis, linear regression, frequency distribution, percentages, and the stochastic frontier production function were used to examine the data that was collected. The results indicated that about 41.3 % of the farmers were between the ages of 41 and 50. Most of the people who answered were …

Exploring Psychological Traits And Feedback Strategies In Physical Therapy Providers Learning Acceptance And Commitment Therapy, Dustin Cox

Journal of Applied Disciplines

Providing treatment interventions to clients with chronic pain is a complex task for any professional. Research suggests that clients with chronic pain experience declines in physical, emotional, and psychological quality of life. Client’s that have chronic pain have complex effects from dealing with this condition in their lives. Clients with chronic pain (i.e., pain lasting > three months) process pain through the emotional and reward circuitry in the brain which is different than client with acute pain. The literature base provides evidence that clients with chronic pain who receive psychologically based interventions along with physical rehabilitation have better outcomes than individuals …

Biotechnological Applications Of Microalgae: Advances, Potential And Future Challenges: A Review, Samiha M. Gharib, Mohamed Z. Nassar

Blue Economy

This review highlights the diverse biotechnological applications of microalgae, emphasizing their significance in human health, nutrition, and sustainable development. Microalgae are among the most widespread photosynthetic microorganisms in aquatic environments, characterized by remarkable metabolic diversity and the ability to produce a wide range of valuable bioactive compounds. These compounds include proteins, lipids, essential fatty acids, pigments, vitamins, and antioxidants, which support their applications in food, feed, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic industries. In addition to their nutritional and therapeutic potential, microalgae play a crucial role in environmental management through carbon dioxide sequestration, wastewater treatment, and bioremediation processes. Their capacity to convert solar …

Dimensional Welfare Beyond Pain: Extending The Precautionary Principle In Birch’S “The Edge Of Sentience”, Willa M. Lane, Nicola S. Clayton

Animal Sentience

Birch's (2024) The Edge of Sentience identifies sentience candidates primarily through the pain-focused LSE Criteria. Yet, as Birch himself notes in Proposal 17, sentience is not pain. We argue that statutory welfare protections must therefore reach beyond pain, and that the right tool for doing so is Birch et al.’s (2020) dimensionality framework, which characterises conscious experience across five domains. Used together, the LSE Criteria establish that welfare is at stake, while the dimensionality framework maps what is at stake beyond pain to provide a taxon-specific profile of where captivity impoverishes experience. We apply this approach to invertebrate welfare and …

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Monitoring Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection In Experimentally Challenged Calves, Erin Blanchard, Jelena Muncan, Grace Beddingfield, Cassandra Barber, Florencia Meyer, Santiago Cornejo, Merrilee Thoresen, Amelia Woolums, Carrie Vance

Endeavors: Mississippi State Undergraduate Research Journal

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex that causes significant economic loss in the cattle industry. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), one of the primary viruses included in BRD, primarily targets the lower respiratory tract and causes a wide variety of subclinical and clinical signs. Current diagnosis techniques require off-site laboratory testing, creating delays that allow BRSV to spread through herds and highlighting the need for rapid diagnostic methods. The objective of the study was to evaluate near-infrared spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for BRSV detection across varying infection severities. Twenty-two Holstein bull calves were reared in research …

Performance Of A Fertilizer Sludge Contaminated With Heavy Metals Collected From Two Wastewater Treatment Plants On (Lactuca Sativa), Leila Lila Belkhedim, Yamina Tahri

Makara Journal of Science

The improper management of sewage sludge poses a significant global risk to environmental and public health. In this study, the valorization of sludge as an organic fertilizer for lettuce cultivation was evaluated, offering a sustainable waste-to-resource solution. Sludge from two wastewater treatment plants (Mazouna and El Kerma) were collected between 2019 and 2021. Comprehensive physicochemical analysis was conducted to determine its nutrient value and contaminant levels. In addition, the efficacy and safety of the fertilizer were assessed by measuring lettuce growth and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in plant tissues. The analyzed sludge, with an organic matter content of 9.91%–83% …

In Silico And Toxicological Evaluation Of Crescentia Cujete Aqueous Extract: Potential Anticancer Activity Against Breast Cancer, Rahma Diyan Martha, Fatimah Fatimah, Syahputra Wibowo, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Josephine Elizabeth Siregar, Elisabeth Farah Novita Coutrier, Alfia Fitrianita, Andri Pramesyanti Pramono, Ita Margaretha Nainggolan, Yudhi Nugraha, Danar Danar, Naufal Abiyyu, Lalu Unsunnidhal, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori, Hesty Parbuntari, Wimbuh Tri Widodo

Makara Journal of Science

Majapahit plant (Crescentia cujete), commonly found in Indonesia, has not been extensively explored for its medicinal properties. Given that many cancer treatments are derived from plants, this study aimed to examine the effects of plants on cancer chemical composition of the C. cujete fruit pulp extract, identify its primary compounds, and assess its potential as an antioxidant, anticancer agent, particularly for breast cancer. An insilico approach was used to evaluate the toxicity and interactions, of the compounds with cancer biomarker proteins, in addition to an in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) for BSLT, toxicity screening using six …

Effects Of Anchor Scheme On Torque And Neuromuscular Responses During And Following Fatiguing Isokinetic Forearm Flexion Tasks: Insights From High-Density Electromyography And Wavelet Analysis, Dolores Guadalupe Ortega

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

This study examined the effects of anchor scheme on torque and neuromuscular responses during and following fatiguing isokinetic forearm flexion tasks. Thirteen men (mean ± SD; age: 22.0 ± 1.9 yr; height: 183.0 ± 6.4 cm; body mass: 90.2 ± 18.1 kg) completed pretest and posttest maximal, concentric, isokinetic forearm flexion muscle actions at 30°∙s-1 before and after continual, concentric, isokinetic forearm flexion tasks at 30°∙s-1 at an RPE of 6 (RPE6T) and the torque (TRQ6T) produced during the first repetition of the RPE6T. Monopolar electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the biceps brachii using a high-density EMG sensor. A …

Natural Behavior Vs. Subjective Experience In Fish Welfare Assessments, Ronald G. Oldfield

Animal Sentience

Several commentaries on the Oldfield & Bonano (2024) target article proposed that natural behavior should play a larger role in assessing the welfare of fishes in zoos and aquariums. However, the natural-behavior concept of animal welfare has been widely criticized because natural behaviors do not necessarily improve welfare, and unnatural behaviors do not necessarily reduce it. I review the three major concepts of animal welfare — physical health, natural behavior, and affect/feelings — and argue that behavior patterns, whether natural or otherwise, should be evaluated according to their effects on health and subjective experience. Using the affect/feelings concept and the …

Fear Of Negative Evaluation And Intrinsic Motivation In Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Comparison Of Novice And Experienced Lifters, Karter Bokker

Student Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the relationship between fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and intrinsic motivation in resistance-trained individuals and compared FNE levels between novice and experienced lifters. Twenty-two male participants (n = 8 novices, n = 14 experienced) completed questionnaires assessing FNE and intrinsic motivation. A Pearson correlation and independent-samples t-test were conducted. Results indicated no significant relationship between FNE and intrinsic motivation (r = -.144, p = .523). However, novice lifters reported significantly higher FNE scores than experienced lifters, (t20) = 2.71, p = .014, with a large effect size (d = 1.20). These findings suggest that while FNE may …

Contribution Of Animals To Biomedical Advancements In The Current Era: A Narrative Review, Leena Rajathy Port Louis, Mani Rajarathinam, Prithiviraj Nagarajan, Divya Sekar, Nisha Perumal

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Animal research has played a major role in the development of vaccinations and therapies for illnesses such as tetanus, polio, meningitis, hepatitis, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. For every prescription drug available today, animal testing and research have contributed immensely. This narrative review aims to explore the contribution of animals to biomedical advancements in the current era, which involved a search of peer-reviewed literature using electronic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. In current biomedical research, animals help develop new treatments for long-term illnesses such as cancer, HIV, and Alzheimer’s. Animals also aid in the …

Ozonated Water Delays The Microbial Growth And Sensory Quality Loss Of Capia Pepper Fruit During Cold Storage, Yasi̇n Şi̇mşek, Mehmet Ali̇ Koyuncu, Derya Erbaş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of the present research was to evaluate, for the first time, the effect of ozonated water treatments on the postharvest quality of capia pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ‘Kaptan’). The peppers were harvested at the optimum time and transported to the laboratory immediately. Uniform and quality fruit was selected and precooled. After precooling, the fruit was divided into four groups. The first three groups were immersed in ozonated water at three different concentrations (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 ppm) for 15 min. The last group (control) was immersed in distilled water for 15 min. The peppers were kept at room …

Ameliorating Chromium-Induced Stress In Maize Through Phosphorus And Melatonin Application, Zunaira Zafar, Shoaib Ahmad, Muhammad Akhtar, Shafaqat Ali, Sarah Owdah Alomrani, Muhammad Ali Alshehri

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Chromium (Cr+6)  toxicity is a significant environmental stress factor that severely hampers plant growth and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate whether the combined application of phosphorus fertilizer and melatonin could alleviate chromium induced stress in maize  (Zea mays L.).  A foliar spray of melatonin (50 µM) was applied alongside two phosphorus sources—phosphoric acid (PA) and diammonium phosphate (DAP), each at 60% of the recommended rate. Two maize cultivars (FH-1046 and YH-1898) were grown under chromium stress (0, 15, and 30 mg kg–1) to assess treatment effects. The results demonstrated that FH-1046 plants treated with PA + melatonin under noncontaminated …

A Pilot Study Of The Acute Effects Of Isometric Exercise And Aerobic Exercise For Improving Blood Pressure And Vascular Hemodynamics In Hypertensive Adults, Ayih Cedric Edoh

ETDs from 2020-2029

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most prevalent and modifiable risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aerobic exercise is a well-known method to lower blood pressure (BP), but recently, isometric exercise has been purported to lower BP to a similar or greater extent. There is little known about the effects of isometric exercise on acute BP and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to compare the effects of isometric and aerobic exercise on improving vascular hemodynamics and 24-hour ABP in hypertensive adults. METHODS: Seven participants (age 25-65 years) with a diagnosis of …

The Change Of Yield, Growth, And Fruit Quality In Rubygem Strawberry Using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Species, Selma Kuru Berk

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which exist symbiotically with plant roots, affect plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. The effects of AMF vary depending on the cultivar and mycorrhizal type. In this study, the effects of different AMF types on the Rubygem strawberry cultivar, widely grown in Türkiye, were examined. Gigaspora margarita and Funneliformis mosseae AMF species were applied to plant roots at seedling planting. Fruit quality criteria, including yield, acidity, soluble solid content, phenolic compounds, organic acids, crown and root development, and the number of daughter plants and stolons, were examined. The highest yield was 431.02 g in G. margarita. …

Plant Extract-Enriched Mineral Beverages: Effects Of Temperature And Ultrasound Processing On Bioactive Content, Eli̇f Feyza Topdaş, İsa Arslan Karakütük, Memnune Şengül

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Functional beverages derived from herbal extracts have potential health benefits. There is a growing interest in these beverages because they are a sustainable and health-promoting alternative to conventional flavored drinks. This study aimed to produce phenolic rich mineralized herbal beverages using lyophilized purple basil, lavender, and thyme extracts at two different concentrations (2% and 4%). Changes in the physicochemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, color, and viscosity), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays), and individual phenolic compounds were determined for beverages stored at 4, 25, and …

Multidimensional Scaling (Mds) Analysis Of Fire Blight Resistance In Apple Genotypes Selected From The Eastern Black Sea Region Of Türkiye, Kubi̇lay Kurtuluş Baştaş, Hati̇ce Dumanoğlu, Veli̇ Erdoğan, Ahmet Aygün, Rabi̇a Albayrak Deli̇ali̇oğlu, Sai̇d Efe Dost, Ümi̇t Serdar, Özgün Kalkişim, Sali̇h Maden, Zahi̇de Kocabaş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, which is known as one of the most destructive diseases of apple. The use of fire blight-resistant cultivars/rootstocks is one of the most effective methods available to manage this disease. We previously selected 199 local apple cultivars that showed no clearly visible symptoms of fire blight on the plants from the coastline of the eastern Black Sea Region in Türkiye. The region is characterized by the highest rainfall and humidity levels in the country. In this research, young plants of these genotypes grafted onto MM.106 rootstock were screened for fire blight …

Effects Of Fenugreek And Shatavari On Vasomotor And Hormonal Balance In Ovariectomized Rats, Füsun Erten, Beşi̇r Er, Cemal Orhan, Abhijeet A. Morde, Muralidhara Padigaru, Kazi̇m Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek, TFG) and Asparagus racemosus Willd. (shatavari, AR) have been extensively used in Ayurvedic, Unani, and traditional folk medicine to support women’s health. TFG seeds are traditionally employed as galactagogues and hormonal modulators, while AR roots are valued as rejuvenating tonics with phytoestrogenic activity, prescribed for menopausal complaints and reproductive well-being. Both plants also exhibit antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects, suggesting their potential as safe, nonhormonal alternatives to conventional hormone replacement therapy. This study investigated the dose-dependent effects of TFG and AR, administered individually or in combination, on vasomotor symptoms, hormonal balance, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine markers in …

Derived Smoke Solution Mitigates Drought Stress In Forage Pea By Enhancing Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms, Medi̇ne Çopur Doğrusöz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to enhance plant resilience against drought stress, a major threat to agricultural production, by utilizing an eco-friendly application derived from agricultural waste. We investigated the protective effect of a smoke solution, derived from poppy harvest residues, on the biometric and biochemical parameters of two forage pea (Pisum sativum spp. arvense L.) varieties (GAP Pembesi and Özkaynak). Seeds were primed with 1% and 10% smoke solutions and grown under three distinct conditions: normal irrigation (control), moderate drought, and severe drought. Parameters including biometric traits, chlorophyll pigments, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant enzyme activities were analyzed. The smoke solution …

Operationally Ready Vs Gym Ready: Training For The Real Demands Of Tactical Work, Ben Jacobs

Tactical & Occupational Performance Conference

Tactical organizations are increasingly recognizing that readiness extends beyond fitness alone. Structured performance systems that integrate training, recovery, nutrition, and fatigue management can help departments improve resilience, reduce injuries, and sustain operational capability over an entire career.

Session's revolve around the concept of Tactical Readiness Architecture, a systems-based framework designed to help departments build structured, sustainable performance support for their personnel. Rather than focusing solely on workouts or individual habits, Tactical Readiness Architecture integrates training, recovery, nutrition, fatigue management, and data-informed monitoring into a cohesive readiness model.

Processing Mechanism And Efficacy Maintenance Strategy Of Ginseng Active Ingredients Based On Spectroscopy Technology, Yang Hantong, Kong Linghui, Jiang Mengmeng, Wang Yingxiu, Li Xiangguo

Food and Machinery

Ginseng, as a medicinal and edible plant, has ginsenosides as its core active components, which are widely applied due to their physiological functions such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, their structures and activities are easily affected by food processing. During processing steps such as cleaning, steaming/boiling, and fermentation, temperature, pH, and microbial enzyme systems alter the types, contents, and stability of active components through reactions such as hydrolysis and oxidation. The intrinsic linkage mechanism of "component transformation-activity-bioavailability" constitutes a core focus and challenge in current research. This study, based on spectroscopic techniques including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic …

Effect Of Processing Methods On Polygonatum Kingianum Collett & Hemsl . Metabolites Based On Widely Targeted Metabolomics, Wei Zhen, Tang Yayuan, Yue Jian, Su Juan, Sun Jian, He Xuemei

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the effect of processing methods on Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl.metabolites, to reveal the regulatory pattern of processing methods on the metabolites, and to clarify the characteristic metabolites enriched by various processing methods.［Methods］ Metabolites of P.kingianum samples processed via boiling (BP), roller processing (HP), and traditional processing (JZ) are analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) based on widely targeted metabolomics. Differential metabolites are screened using multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis, followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and 何雪梅（1981—），女，广西农业科学院农产品加工研究所研究员，硕士。E-mail：[email protected]|Genomes (KEGG ) metabolic enrichment analysis.［Results］ …

Effects Of Yeast Extract And Reheating Methods On Gel Properties And Warmed-Over Flavor Formation Of Hairtail Surimi, Huang Qianyi, Li Xianghong, Li Shuang, Ma Xiayin, Liu Dongmin, Wang Faxiang, Liu Yongle, Wu Jinhong

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To control the gel property and warmed -over flavor formation of hairtail surimi products.［Methods］ Surimi gel is prepared using hairtail as the raw material. Then, by examining changes in sensory evaluation, microstructure, gel property,moisture content, and volatile flavor substances, this study investigates the effects of yeast extract addition and reheating methods on gel property and warmed-over flavor formation in hairtail surimi products.［Results］ Yeast extract addition significantly promotes internal structural cross-linking and reduces the number of pores in the product, thereby enhancing the gel properties, including gel strength, hardness, and elasticity. Specifically, an optimal gel property is observed at a …

Evaluation Of Functional Properties And Classification Of Processability Of Eight Chestnut Starch Varieties Based On Multidimensional Quality Indexes, Yang Xiaocong, Wang Ensheng, Li Shizhuo, Du Wenqing, Li Kun

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To clarify the comprehensive functional characteristics and processing adaptability of different chestnut varieties.［Methods］ The microscopic morphology of starches prepared from eight chestnut varieties was observed, and their amylose content, transparency, freeze-thaw stability, solubility, swelling power, and gel texture properties were determined. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA ),and cluster analysis were employed to comprehensively evaluate starch quality.［Results］ The starch granules from the eight chestnut varieties exhibited similar morphologies, mainly including round, oval, and polygonal shapes. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations among the quality indexes of different varieties (P<0.05). PCA reduced the eight indexes to two principal components, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 84.373%.Cluster analysis classified the starches from the eight chestnut varieties into four categories: high-elasticity, high-swelling, low-hardness, and high-gel types.［Conclusion］ Significant differences in the functional properties of chestnut starches were observed among the different categories (P<0.05).

Rapid Determination And Uncertainty Evaluation Of Vitamins A , D 3, And E Content In Cereal-Based Complementary Foods For Infants And Young Children By Online Solid Phase Extraction-Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography, Long Qiang, Zhao Tao, Xiao Mei, Wu Haizhi, Zhou Fan, Dai Zhiyong

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To establish a rapid determination method for vitamin A, D3, and E content in cereal-based complementary foods for infants and young children by online solid phase extraction -two-dimensional liquid chromatography simultaneously.［Methods］ Sample saponification solution is purified by online solid -phase extraction. Then, vitamin A and E are separated and detected by the first -dimension chromatography, while vitamin D3 is preliminarily separated in the first dimension and then transferred to the second -dimension chromatography for further separation and detection, with all quantification achieved by the external standard method.［Results］］ Vitamin A,D3,and E exhibit a good linearity in the concentration ranges, with …