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Phytosynthesis Of Magnetite Nanoparticles From Piper Betle (L.) Var. Mysore And Evaluation Of Anti-Microbial Properties, Ravikant Shekhar, Sushma T, Madhusudhan Mc, Prakash Hs, Geetha N

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Background: Piper betle L., is a well-known herb in Asia, popular for its fragrance and mouth-refreshing properties. With more than 100 varieties, it has a number of medicinal and socio-economic benefits. Its phenolic constituents have been displayed to treat oral anaerobes, animate lipase action, and reduces lipid peroxidation. Magnetite nanoparticles, with their novel properties, are utilized in different applications, and amalgamating with plant sources, increases the efficacy of the nanoparticles to many folds.

Methods: In this study, biogenic synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) was carried out using aqueous solutions of Ferric Chloride and Ferrous Sulphate in a ratio of 2:1 …

A Honduran Prevalence Study On Soil-Transmitted Helminths Highlights Serological Antibodies To Tm-Wap49 As A Diagnostic Marker For Exposure To Human Trichuriasis, Neima Briggs, Leroy Versteeg, Rojelio Mejia, Jeroen Pollet, Maria Jose Villar, Bin Zhan, Graeme Segal, Stephanie Novak, Patricia Lenihan, Paul Musgrave, Viviana Ellis, Carol Florencia Coello, K Jagannadha Sastry, Joe Craft, Peter J Hotez, Maria Elena Bottazzi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections rank among the most prevalent communicable diseases of humans, yet detection of these parasites is mostly restricted to identifying active infection through fecal examinations. Currently, there are no commercial diagnostic tools to identify a prior whipworm or hookworm exposure, and the few serological assays for roundworm infection have not been well validated for crossreactivity or infections in humans. Such diagnostic restrictions limit the range of scientific and clinical questions that surround STH exposures and their implicated relationship to chronic diseases, such as autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the diagnostic …

Functional Diversification Of Rice Ago1 Proteins, Rachel Elie Jouni

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Global demand for food is outpacing gains from conventional plant breeding. Scientists have turned to molecular crop breeding techniques to increase crop output and mitigate global hunger; however, a common setback in this process is the pleiotropic effects of target genes. We need to develop strategies to specifically modulate desired traits without incurring undesired penalties. Natural evolution frequently balances such tradeoffs through extensive regulation, which we can leverage to produce more specific results. Reproductive development is an important target of breeding efforts due to its direct effect on yield. Rice, a major staple food crop for half the world’s population, …

Evaluating A Proprietary Tannin-Blend Product As An Alternative To Monensin And Tylosin Phosphate In Feedlot Cattle Diets, Luana D. Felizari, Luke K. Fuerniss, Jonathon L. Beckett, David S. Secrist, Guy D. Hufstedler, Bradley J. Johnson

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

This study evaluates the effects of a proprietary tannin blend (BX), supplemented with or without sodium monensin (MON), on beef cattle performance, carcass traits, and health. Steers (n = 2986; initial shrunk body weight (SBW) 254 ± 9.2 kg) were allocated into 48 pens (61–62 steers/pen; 12 pens/treatment) fed for 230 d. Treatments included (1) no feed additives (CTL); (2) BX (7.95 g/animal daily); (3) MON + Tylosin phosphate (TYL; 437.52 mg MON/animal daily + 80 mg TYL/animal daily); or (4) MON+BX (437.52 mg MON/animal daily + 7.95 g BX/animal daily). Data were analyzed in R 4.2.1 using a …

Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial To Determine If Biomarkers Predict Response To A Pediatric Chronic Pain Symptom Management Program, Rona L Levy, Tasha B Murphy, Margaret M Heitkemper, Miranda A L Van Tilburg, Ann R Mcmeans, Jocelyn Chang, Cynthia Boutte, Katherine Lamparyk, Bruno P Chumpitazi, Robert J Shulman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background/Objectives: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), characterized by chronic abdominal pain and significant disability, affect 15-20% of children and adults and continue into adulthood in ~60% of cases. Costs for adults reach USD 30 billion per year, yet effective management strategies are elusive. Studies support using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), but abdominal pain only improves in ~40% of patients. Dietary management (low FODMAP diet; LFD) has also shown promise but it is effective in only a similar percentage of patients. Studies suggest that biologic factors (biomarkers) contribute to CBT response. Similarly, gut microbiome composition appears to influence abdominal pain …

Evaluation Of Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance From Bacterial Pathogen Isolates In Bison, Aleena M. Kallan

Honors Capstones

Bison, the American buffalo, are increasingly utilized for food consumption due to their high protein content. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important food-borne pathogen that leads to severe clinical infections and becomes antimicrobial-resistant (AMR). Specifically, fluoroquinolone antibiotics can complicate human treatment when infected with resistant STEC. This study aims to determine the presence of STEC in bison reservoirs and their antimicrobial resistance. Fecal samples (n=320) from bison herds were collected, followed by specific culture-based isolation for STEC. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed for pathogen confirmation, with 25.6% prevalence. PCR targeting gene, gyrA (resistant to fluoroquinolone), was tested …

Evaluation Of Tree Legumes Species At Different Agroclimatic Zones Of Indonesia, Mas'ud Panjaitan, R Jessop, W W. Stur

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The population of Indonesia is over 145 million and more than 56 % of them earn their living from agriculture (Bi. Stat. Ind., 1983). A major problem in the development of improved animal production has been the shortage of feed and the generally low nutritive value of tropical forages which limit livestock pro­duction in Indonesia (Asian Agriculture Survey, 1969). The production of feed of adequate quality for ruminants is an important consideration particularly for small holders. In many situations, nitrogen fixing legume trees can be used as a high protein feed supplement which improves the utilization of grasses and crop …

Valeur Nutritive D'Un Parcours Mixte A Acacia Cyanophylla, Atriplex Nummularia Et Medicago Arborea, Y Saadani, C Kayouli

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

II existe tres peu de donnees concernant la valeur nutritive des arbustes fourragers ; les rares etudes realisees en Tunisie ont porte surtout sur leur productivite, la charge animale et sur leur appetence (Hamrouni et Sarson, 1975; Ben Boubaker, 1985). L'objectif de ce travail est d'etudier la valeur nutritive des feuilles et brindilles d' Acacia cyanophylla, d' A triplex nummula­ria et de Medicago arborea ainsi que leur contribution dans la ration de caprins et d'ovins.

Forage Production And Nutritive Value Of Leucanea Leucoephala In Southern Puerto Rico, L E. Tergas, R Milton Martinez, A V. Mendez Cruz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Leucaena leucocephala (L.) is a perennial schrub native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, considered by investigators as a valuable forage legume because of its capacity for high production of digestible forage with a high protein content and tolerance to drought in semiarid regions with annual rainfall less than 1,000 mm (Skerman, 1977). The soil fertility of the semiarid region in southern Puerto Rico is adequate, but rainfall distribution is limiting for forage production and nutritive value. There is a demand for a suit­able and inexpensive source of high quality forage to improve the diet of the grazing cattle …

Apparent Digestibility, Dynamics Of Rumen Fermentation And Sites Of Digestion Of Hays Of Leucaena Leucocephala (Lam) De Wit Cv. Peru, N M. Rodreiguez, I Borges

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Protein deficiency, among others, is a common problem for livestock production in tropical regions. The use oflegumes has been suggested as a solution and Leucaena leucocephala has shown a great potential due to its capacity of nitrogen (N) fix­ation and dry matter (DM) production (NAS, 1984). However, very little is known about its nutritive value regarding its protein-energy balance and the process of digestion. The present work aimed the evaluation of the nutritive value of hays of Leucaena leucocephala cut at two stages of growth, through trials of apparent digestibility, dynamics of rumen fer­mentation and partition of digestion.

In Situ Degradation Of Cell Wall Neutral Sugars Of Normal And Brown Midrib Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrids, K J. Moore, J O. Fritz, E H. Jaster

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nutritive value of forage for ruminants is limited by the digestibility of the complex polysaccharides cellulose and hemicellulose by rumen microbes. In grasses, the polysacchar­ide fraction of the cell wall is composed largely of polymers of neutral sugars and to a lesser extent uronic acids. Cellulose is a high molecular weight linear polymer of B-1 ➔ 4) linked D­gluco-pyranose units. Hemicellulose is a complex mixture of linear and branched-chain heteropolymers containing xylose, arabmose, mannose, galactose, glucose, and uronic acids (Van Soest, 1982). Lignification of the cell wall is a primary factor limiting the digestion of cell wall polysaccharides. Close …

Feed Evaluation Using Mobile Dacron Bags And Influences Of The Diet Composition, H Anzola, F N. Owens

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Mobile Nylon Bag (MNB) technique has been used successfully in protein nutrition studies with swine (Sauer et al., 1983) to determine amino acid availability from protein in specific feedstuffs. Canadian researchers also have tested this technique to predict site of digestion in ruminants (Kirkpatrick and Kennelly, 1987). Differences in small intestinal digestion may explain why animal responses differ to dietary protein sources which have similar ruminal escape values (Owens, 1986). The MNB holds promise to appraise the intestinal avail­ability of undegraded dietary protein though further develop­mel).t and testing are needed. The objective of this experiment was to examine the …

Sites Of Digestion Of Nitrogen Of Hays Made With The Tropical Legume Neonotonia Wightii, R R. Vera, E A. Pizarro, A Toscano, N M. Rodriguez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tropical pasture species are of well-known lower quality than temperate species and there is evidence that some tropical legumes may contain antiquality factors that reduce further their nutritive value. Nonetheless, the nutritive value of Neonotonia wightii is generally moderate to high (Pizarro et al., 1983 ; Ribeiro et al., 1980), although there is little information on the factors that affect its quality, and none on the rate and sites of digestion within the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. The aim of the work reported here was to examine the effect of age on the chemical composition, apparent digestibility and sites of …

Nutritive Value Of Perennial Ryegrass Swards Grazed By Sheep In Autumn In The Uk, J A. Milne, H Dove, A M. Sibbald

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A knowledge of the nutrient supply from grazed herbage for ewes in the autumn in N. Europe is required to predict the consequences for their subsequent reproductive performance. Herbage intake has been found to be positively related to sward height over this period at low sward heights but there is no information over a wider range of heights, on the amounts of non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN) available for absorption in the small intestine nor on the digestion of organic matter in the rumen. Experiments on frozen or artificially dried herbage harvested in the autumn have given variable results for the amounts …

Comparison Of Laboratory Methods For Estimating Herbage Digestibility, Francoise Riviere, P Maupetit, G Blanchard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forages are an important source of nutrients for ruminants and recently interest has been shown in using forages for a greater proportion of the nutrients in ruminant production. The feeding value of forages mainly depends on their digestible organic matter contents. Feeding of forages to animals is the most accurate method of evaluation but such trials are expens­ive and very slow. Many laboratory procedures have been developped for esti­mating forage nutritive value. Recently, near infrared reflec­tance has been developped to provide a fast and reliable alter­native method. The aim of the study is to compare laboratory methods of forage evaluation …

Enzymatic Solubility And Other Analytic Parameters Predicting Digestibility In Grasses Of Middling Food Value, J Silva Colomer, M Zarate, J C. Guevara, C Fransinelli

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

For a long time, laboratories techniques have been applied to predict "in vivo" digestibility. Among the biological methods, those basing on rumen fluid are the most used in the nutrition laboratories (Osbourn and Siddons, 1980). These techniques, however, present difficulties as the necessity of maintaining rumen-fistulated donor animals, variations in ruminal activity and high cost. For these reasons, the capacity of enzymatic solubility to predict digestibility has been studied in the last few years in different forages : hays, cereal straws, silages and pellets (Aerts et al., 1977 ; Rivero Yeas, 1985), agri­cultural byproducts (Aerts, 1977; Aguilera and Molina, 1986) …

Use Of Near Infrared Spectroscopy To Assess Nutritional Status Of Cattle Diets On Rangelands, J W. Stuth, E D. Kapes, R K. Lyons

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are two principal means for assessing the quality of grazing ruminant diets, analysis of extrusa from esophageally fistulated animals or indirect estimates from fecal analysis. Wet chemistry methods are well documented for the former but have proven to be of limited value regarding the latter. It is the purpose of this research to determine the suitability of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for estimating diet crude protein (%) and organic matter digestibility (%) directly from extrusa and indirectly from feces.

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy As An Analytical Tool For World Agriculture, J S. Shenk

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Agriculture produces the food and fiber needed for human existence. In the past 100 years, it becames apparent that nutri­ent content and quantity measurements of feed were necessary in livestock feeding programs. During this 100 year period, scientists developed and refined laboratory reference methods for the industry. However, nutritional evaluation of these products was and still is expensive and time consuming. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis offered the promise of rapid low cost analysis of nutrient composition. This analytical method has the potential to overcome the analytical problems facing world agriculture. First reports of NIRS in the literature occured as …

Monitoring The Nutrition Of Grazing Cattle With Near-Infrared Analysis Of Feces, S W. Coleman, J W. Stuth, J W. Holloway

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nutrition of grazing animals is difficult to assess because of the difficulty in determining the amount and quality of the ingested forage. Although many techniques have been proposed for sampling the grazed forage, none offer quantitat­ive estimates of diet quality and intake for individual animals in large numbers. The feces excreted by animals contain undigested residues of the diet consumed along with products of animal and microbiological origin. The objective was to determine if near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) could be used to developed spectral indices from feces which describe the quantitative and qualitative attributes of the diet over a range …

Prevision De La Valeur Nutritive Des Fourrages Ingeres Sur Parcours Naturels Par Les Ruminants Domestiques Saheliens Et Soudaniens, H Guerin, D Richard, P Lefevre, D Friot, N Mbaye

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les herbivores domestiques eleves sur Jes parcours naturels saheliens et soudaniens consomment des proportions variables d'especes herbacees annuelles en vegetation pendant 3 a 4 mois puis a l'etat de paille sur pied, ainsi que des feuilles ou des fruits d'especes ligneuses disponibles durant toute l'annee. L'objectif de l'etude est d'etablir des equations de previsions de la digesti­bilite de la matiere organique (DMO) ou de la teneur en matieres azotees digestibles (MAD) de ces fourrages en fonc­tion de leur composition chimique ou de celle des feces des ani­maux qui Jes consomment.

Evaluation Of King Grass Clones (Pennisetum Purpureum) Obtained By Tissue Culture. Iii. Quality Of The Mutants, R S. Herrera, J Lauzan, R O. Martinez, M Monzote, R Cruz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two ofthe main aspects of the forages used in bovine cattle nutrition are yield and its quality. More recently, Martinez et al. (1986) observed the possibility of modifying some indices by the in vitro tissue culture. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate some quality indice of Pennisetum clones obtained by tissues culture.

Changes In The Nutritive Value And In The Nutritive Value Yield /Ha Of Some Fodder Grasses During The First Growing Season, D Ferenc

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Hungary, and also in the areas with similar geographi­cal and climatic conditions, about 40 - 60 per cent of grass yields per year is harvested from the first growth. For the deter­mination of the optimal harvest time it is very important to know the changes in the nutritive value and volume of the first growth. These changes are influenced by the traits of the different varieties too.

Evaluation Of New Varieties Of Fodder Beet (Majoral And Poly Productiva) As New Summer Forages In Egypt, M S. Nowar, S M. Abd El-Baki, I F. Marie, A A. Zaki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Interest in fodder beet has increased dramatically in many parts of the world. Owing to its yield during summer season in Egypt, time during which shortage of green and succulent for­age occurs, interest in its cultivation started early (Ghoneim, 1967 and Abou El-Hassan et al., 1971). Fodder beet has improved cows condition and milk yield and quality (Kocisova, 1976; Burckhardt, 1979; De Brabander et al., 1981 and Pearce, 1983). Fodder beet can considerably increase the farm total energy production. However, to grow it successfully the farmer must have an « arable» mentality (Pearce, 1983). The present research was conducted to …

Nutritive Value Of Some Grass Species In Hungary, J Varhegyi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Demarquilly and Weiss (1970), Becker and Nehring (1969), Aman and Lindgren (1983) etc. reported data for the digesti­bility and nutritive value of different grass species. The present paper reports the chemical composition and the digestibility of the following species grown in Hungary: smooth brome-grass (Bromus inermis), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), orchard­grass (Dactylis glomerata), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundin­acea), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum). The data were obtained during long term investigation from 1975 to 1983, but crested wheatgrass from 1980-83.

Influence Of Temperatures On The Earliness Of Heading And Nutritive Value Of Two Grasses During The First Growth Cycle, J Andrieu, M Berekoutou

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The two objectives of this study were: I) to see if the method of the sums of temperatures allowed for a correct prediction, not only of the earliness of heading but also of the quality of spring growth whatever the surrounding conditions ; 2) to check that the criteria, suggested jn the feed Tables published by INRA in France (INRA 1981; INRA 1988) to predict the quality of spring growth, could be used for the whole of France. This study is drawn from the thesis ofM. Berekoutou (1986).

Valeur Alimentaire Des Associations Graminees- Trefle Blanc Au Stade Du Paturage, R Giovanni

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cette etude a eu pour objectif de comparer la composition et la digestibilite du trefle blanc a celles des deux principales gra-. minees fourrageres, le ray-grass anglais (RG) et le dactyle (D), utilisees dans l'Ouest de la France. En effet, ii est apparu interessant de preciser !'influence du trefle blanc (TB) sur la valeur alimentaire de son association avec ces graminees. Cette etude a ete effectuee simultanement sur des fourrages coupes distribues a des moutons en cage de digestibilite et sur des echantillons preleves a chaque cycle du paturage de jeunes bovins.

Accumulation Of Solar Energy By Plants And Energetic Nutritive Value Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.) At Different Cutting Frequencies, V P. Spasov, D S. Kornyshev

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The prevailing approach for developing fodder base in the North-Western economic region of the USSR is grass feed pro­duction. So, choosing plants which should maximize the accumulation of solar energy and provide high yields of quality satisfying cattle requirements is of exclusive importance. Our many year studies of different perennial grasses showed that tall fescue is one of the best to use solar energy in the given conditions of environment. So the experiment was carried out in 1979-1986 with the aim of determining solar energy accumu­lation and energetic nutritive value of this crop at different cutting frequencies.

Bio-Agronomic Traits And Nutritional Value In Italian Ryegrass Varieties, N Berardo, C Locatelli, R Paoletti, L Valdicelli, M Odoardi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. Italicum) is native to the Po valley. Persistent populations of this species represent the main grass component of the irrigated permanent meadows in this area (Rotili et al., 1985). The subspecies Ital­icum (biannual, non alternative) and Westerwoldicum (annual, alternative) are at present the most important cultivated grasses in Italy, and are grown either as component in the poliphytic meadows or as catch crop, followed by maize for silage or soybean. Lolium multiflorum is considered of great interest as forage crop in the high fertile soils of Po valley (Tana and Seb­astiani, 1981 …

Composition Of The Diet Of Cattle Grazing In Integrated Sown Tropical Pasture-Savannah Production Systems, R R. Vera, B Rivera, J H. Weniger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Extensive cow-calf grazing systems in the Eastern Plains of Colombia are characterized by the use of very limited areas of sown pastures, amounting to generally less than 5 % of the area (Kleiheisterkamp and Habich, 1985; Sere and Estrada, 1985). It has also been shown (Kleinheisterkamp and Habich, 1985) that management practices applied to the breeding herd are few and irregularly utilized. It is thus hypothesized that the tran­sition of extensive cow-calf operations to more productive beef breeding systems will initially require the introduction of pastures with minimum management requirements that will allow a gradual evolution of existing grazing systems. …

Effect Of Water Deficit On The Quality Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.), G Lemaire, J L. Durand, M Lila

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nutritive value for ruminants of lucerne forage may be characterized both by the In Vitro Digestibility of Dry Matter (IVDDM) and by the Nitrogen content (N % ) which determine the energy and nitrogen values. These two characteristics are linked to the Leaf/Stem ratio (L/S) (Demarquilly, 1966). But for the same L/S ratio, different IVDDM and N % can be obtained according to the biochemical composition of leaves and stems separately. The effect of water deficit on the quality of forage of lucerne can be considered separately on the morphological compo­sition and on the biochemical composition. L/S is generally …